The Children of Eve Population and Well-being in History

by Cain, Louis P.; Paterson, Donald G.

• ISBN13: 9781444336900
• ISBN10: 1444336908
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-03-27
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This book explores contemporary population issues in a historical context. It is a world economic history of demographic change with emphasis on the well-being of the population. Exploring the years since the Middle Ages, this unique book emphasizes the commonality of human experience illustrating how different people, at different times, in varying circumstances, responded to similar economic forces in more of less the same way.

Author Biography

Louis P. Cain is Professor of Economics at Loyola University Chicago, Adjunct Professor is of Economics at Northwestern University, Senior Investigator at the Center for Population Economics, University of Chicago, and Research Economist at the National Bureau of Economic Research. With the late Jonathan Hughes, he is the author of American Economic History, now in its 8th edition (2011). Donald G. Paterson is Professor Emeritus of Economics at the University of British Columbia. He is the author (with William L. Marr) of Canada: An Economic History (1980) and has published widely in such areas as the history of international investment, economic history of natural resource use, macro-economic history, and business history. Cain and Paterson previously co-authored articles on US technical change that were published in the Journal of Economic History.

Table of Contents

List of Figures, Tables, and Appendices	p. xi
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xviii
Initial Conditions	p. 1
Overview	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Human Origins	p. 7
The 40 000 Years to 10 000 BC	p. 9
The Last 12 000 Years	p. 11
A Few Fundamentals of Population Growth	p. 14
The Quality and Quantity of Life	p. 15
The English Parson, Thomas Malthus	p. 17
Measurement and Inference	p. 19
The Census	p. 22
A Nearly Modern Census	p. 22
Modern Censuses	p. 24
Some Problems of Early Modern Censuses	p. 25
Models of Human Behavior	p. 26
Outline	p. 27
The Historical Setting	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
The Demographic Transition	p. 31
Structural Transition of the Economy	p. 33
Long-Run Changes in Economic Well-Being	p. 36
Net Replacement	p. 40
Dependency and Participation	p. 43
How Does the Demographic Transition End or Does It?	p. 45
Variation	p. 50
Globalization, Macroeconomics and Population	p. 52
Institutional Change and Externalities	p. 56
Growth and Dispersal of the Human Population	p. 63
Mortality: The Fourth Horseman	p. 65
What Do People Die From?	p. 65
Infant and Child Mortality	p. 70
The Probability of Death and Life Expectancy	p. 73
Seasonal Pattern of Death	p. 82
Seasonality and Longevity	p. 84
Urban Mortality	p. 85
The Mortality Transition: Crude Death Rates	p. 89
The Fertility Transition	p. 98
The Fertility Transition	p. 98
The Queen and the Anabaptists	p. 100
Strategic Choice	p. 102
When to Marry	p. 106
The "Never Married"	p. 111
Illegitimacy	p. 114
The Seasonal Pattern of Birth	p. 115
Disruptions	p. 117
The Fertility Transition: Crude Birth Rates	p. 118
Farms and Towns	p. 123
Long Distance Migration	p. 132
The Migratory Instinct	p. 132
Who's In and Who's Out	p. 136
Migration of the Unfree	p. 138
Slaves	p. 138
Convicts and Indentured Servants	p. 141
Child Migrants	p. 144
The Atlantic: Waves of Immigration	p. 145
Unbalanced Cargoes	p. 150
Information and Advertising	p. 152
Remittances: Then and Now	p. 153
There and Back Again - Reverse Migrations	p. 155
Diaspora	p. 153
The Chinese	p. 158
The Irish	p. 162
The Jews	p. 154
The Barriers Go Up	p. 166
The Walker Thesis, Displacement and Savings	p. 168
A Final Word on Long Distance Migration	p. 169
Regional Migration	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
The US Westward Movement and Other Frontiers	p. 183
Urbanization and Industrial Change	p. 188
The Rural-Urban Shift	p. 191
Town and Farm and the Changing Economic Role of Children	p. 195
The Great Black Migration in the US	p. 195
Declining Regions: Dust Bowls and Yorkshire Coal Mines	p. 198
Inter-Urban Migration	p. 199
Migration: In the Neighborhood	p. 200
Scotland - England	p. 200
Canada-USA	p. 201
The Undocumented	p. 203
Convergence	p. 205
Summary of Part Two -Putting It All Together	p. 207
Choices and Their Consequences	p. 217
The Changing Family	p. 219
Introduction	p. 219
Courtship and Marriage	p. 221
Household and Family Size	p. 225
Child Labor	p. 228
Family Connections: Networks	p. 234
Marital Dissolution	p. 236
Married Women's Property	p. 240
Poverty: One-Parent Families and Elderly Females	p. 242
Health and Weil-Being	p. 255
Introduction	p. 255
Glasgow: Then and Now	p. 256
Morbidity	p. 257
Early Populations and Nutrition	p. 262
Birth Weights	p. 266
The Human Development Index	p. 267
Obesity and the BMI	p. 269
Household Space	p. 274
Health and Hospital Care Systems	p. 276
Macroeconomic Effects of the Industrial Transition	p. 286
Introduction	p. 286
Shocks and Echoes - the Baby Boom	p. 287
Children and the Saving Shift	p. 288
Intergenerational Contracts or Life Cycles: Pensions	p. 291
The Work-Leisure Choice	p. 297
Time Spent in Household Work	p. 301
Education and Human Capital	p. 305
Population Catastrophes	p. 315
The Nature of Catastrophes	p. 315
The Greenland Norse and the Easter Islanders	p. 316
North American Native Indians	p. 318
Famine	p. 321
We All Fall Down! Plague	p. 324
The HIV/AIDS Pandemic	p. 333
When, Not If? But Not Now! Flu Pandemics	p. 338
Summary	p. 342
Conclusions	p. 351
Concluding Remarks	p. 353
General and Frequently Referenced Sources	p. 358
Index	p. 360
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