China : From Afforestation to Poverty Alleviation and Natural Forest Management

by Rozelle, Scott; Huang, Jikun; Husain, Syed Arif; Zazueta, Aaron

• ISBN13: 9780821347591
• ISBN10: 0821347594
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: World Bank

Summary

Although the involvement of the World Bank in the forest sector has a relatively short history, starting in 1988, the impact of Bank projects dates back much further. The Bank's 1991 forest strategy stressed a multi-sectoral approach. Accordingly, this review looked at the Bank's projects in the forest sector, projects with forest sector components, and projects with potential impacts on forests, as well as the Bank's non-lending services. These studies seek to judge whether the Bank has 'done the right things' and 'done things right'.

Table of Contents

Foreword	vii
Acknowledgments	xi
Acronyms	xv
Summary	xvii
Introduction	1	(4)
PART I: THE STATE OF CHINA'S FORESTS
Role of the Forest Sector in China's Economy	5	(4)
Forest Resource Management	9	(4)
Forest Resource Status and Trends	13	(10)
Timber	14	(3)
Shelterbelts and Commercial Plantations	17	(1)
Accounting for Forest Cover Changes	18	(1)
China's Forest Volume	19	(4)
Land Degradation and Other Rural Environmental Problems	23	(6)
The State of China's Rural Environment and Resource Base	25	(4)
Policy Reforms in China's State and Collective Forest Regions	29	(4)
Reforming the State-Run Sector	30	(1)
Reforming the Collective Sector	30	(1)
Reforms in the Rest of the Economy	31	(2)
Rural Environment Protection Policy	33	(8)
Laws	33	(2)
Institutions	35	(2)
Environmental Policy Implementation Problems in China	37	(2)
Fiscal Environment	39	(2)
Land Tenure and Forests---Evidence from China's Villages	41	(6)
General Findings	42	(1)
Changes in Forest Land Tenure	42	(1)
Population Growth and Changes in Agricultural Production	43	(1)
Shifting the Structure of Forest Land Use	44	(1)
Land Tenure and Afforestation	44	(1)
Results of Multivariate Analysis	44	(3)
PART II: INFLUENCE AND IMPACT OF THE WORLD BANK
The Bank Portfolio in China	47	(22)
Portfolio Analysis	47	(2)
Forest and Forest Component Projects in China	49	(1)
Quality Assurance Group Ratings for China Projects	49	(1)
Operations Evaluation Department Ratings for China Projects	50	(2)
Non-Lending Activities	52	(1)
Forest Sector Projects Before 1991	53	(4)
Forest Sector Projects Since 1991	57	(4)
Pending Project	61	(1)
Projects with Forest Sector Components	61	(2)
Projects that Impact Forests	63	(3)
Global Environment Facility Grants to China	66	(3)
An Evaluation of the Bank's Forest Sector Work in China	69	(22)
Relevance	73	(7)
Efficacy	80	(3)
Efficiency	83	(3)
Sustainability and Institutional Capacity Building	86	(2)
Impact on Poverty	88	(1)
Summary Ratings	89	(2)
Conclusions and Future Directions	91	(94)
Success Factors in China	92	(2)
Success Factors in the Bank	94	(1)
Implications for the Future	95	(4)
Annexes
A. Supplemental Tables	99	(41)
B. The 1991 Forest Strategy	140	(2)
C. Data	142	(1)
D. Types of Forests	143	(1)
E. Methodology for Analysis of Projects with Impact on Forests	144	(2)
F. Analysis of Change in the 1980s	146	(3)
G. Changes in the 1990s: Economic Forces, Policy, and Other Factors	149	(10)
H. Multivariate Analysis: Village Level Analysis of Tenure and Policy Impacts on Forest Resources	159	(2)
I. Criteria for Selecting Impact Projects	161	(1)
J. China/World Bank FEF Pipeline Discussions	162	(11)
K. Report on Case Study Workshop	173	(12)
Endnotes	185	(4)
Bibliography	189