Civil War, Civil Peace

by Yanacopulos, Helen; Hanlon, Joseph

• ISBN13: 9780896802490
• ISBN10: 0896802493
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-03-01
• Publisher: Ohio Univ Pr

Summary

More than two hundred wars have been fought in the past half century. Nearly all have been civil wars, and at the beginning of the twenty-first century, more than thirty civil wars were being fought. The "rules" of interstate war do not apply; each atrocity provokes retribution, and civil war takes on a brutal dynamic of its own. Civil War, Civil Peace challenges common but simplistic explanations of war, including greed, gender, and long-standing religious or ethnic hatreds, which ignore that these groups have lived together in peace for centuries. When a cease-fire is arranged, aid workers, military personnel, diplomats, and others pour in from the United States, Europe, and international agencies. Outside help is essential after a war, but too often, well-intentioned interveners do more harm than good. A half of civil wars have resumed after failed peace agreements. Each war is different, and there can be no intervention handbook or best practices guide. Aimed at practitioners and policy makers, and essential reading for students of war, humanitarian intervention, peace building, and development, Civil War, Civil Peace provides a comprehensive examination of how interventions can be improved through a better understanding of the roots of war and of the grievances and interests that fueled the war.

Author Biography

Helen Yanacopulos has worked in finance in both the corporate and the not-for-profit sectors. Her writing appears frequently in the Journal for International Development. She has been teaching at the Open University since 2000.

Table of Contents

Introduction	7	(11)
Joseph Hanlon
Helen Yanacopulos
200 wars and the humanitarian response	18	(31)
Joseph Hanlon
Introduction	18	(3)
Definitions and the Humpty Dumpty problem	21	(11)
Humanitarianism	32	(5)
Nightingale's risk	37	(7)
Ethics and choices	44	(2)
Chapter summary	46	(3)
Intervention	49	(23)
Joseph Hanlon
Introduction	49	(2)
Postwar peacekeeping by agreement	51	(7)
Aid agencies and war	58	(2)
Forcible humanitarian intervention and the end of sovereignty	60	(5)
The responsibility to protect	65	(5)
Chapter summary	70	(2)
Roots of civil war: tick `all of the above'	72	(23)
Joseph Hanlon
Introduction	72	(6)
Weak states and issues around state building	78	(6)
Democracy	84	(1)
Favourable conditions	85	(3)
Environment and migration	88	(3)
Chapter summary	91	(4)
Ethnicity and identity	95	(18)
Joseph Hanlon
Introduction	95	(2)
Ethnicity: innate or malleable?	97	(4)
International relations and the `ethnic security dilemma'	101	(2)
Does the ethnic lens help our understanding?	103	(6)
Chapter summary	109	(4)
External roots of internal war	113	(24)
Joseph Hanlon
Introduction	113	(2)
International actors -- colonial wars, proxy wars and neighbours	115	(4)
Globalisation	119	(6)
Arms and oil	125	(3)
The greed versus grievance debate	128	(2)
Implications for weak states and state building	130	(3)
Chapter summary	133	(4)
The social contract and violent conflict	137	(27)
Tony Addison
S. Mansoob Murshed
Introduction	137	(1)
A framework for understanding violent conflict	137	(9)
Development failure as a cause of violent conflict	146	(5)
Inequality and the social contract	151	(7)
Conclusion	158	(2)
Chapter summary	160	(4)
Greed versus grievance: conjoined twins or discrete drivers of violent conflict?	164	(21)
Christopher Cramer
An introduction to the neoclassical economic theory of violence and war	164	(1)
Analytical boundaries and false distinctions	165	(3)
Evolution of the greed versus grievance debate	168	(5)
Social science or smoke and mirrors?	173	(5)
Collective action	178	(3)
Conclusion	181	(1)
Chapter summary	182	(3)
Reflections on development in a context of war	185	(21)
Alan Thomas
`Don't just do something -- stand there!'	185	(1)
Development and war	186	(2)
Meanings of `development'	188	(4)
Competing visions of development in a war context	192	(5)
War and development as historic change	197	(1)
Deliberate improvement in a war context	198	(4)
Conclusion	202	(1)
Chapter summary	203	(3)
Power, agency and identity: turning vicious circles into virtuous ones	206	(27)
Judy El-Bushra
Introduction	206	(1)
Power, democracy and the Western model of the state	207	(5)
Power, patriarchy and gender identity	212	(10)
Power and social relations -- a case study	222	(4)
The challenge of social transformation	226	(3)
Conclusion	229	(1)
Chapter summary	230	(3)
Transforming power relations: peacebuilding and institutions	233	(26)
Judy El-Bushra
Introduction	233	(1)
Conflict transformation	234	(3)
Reconstructing power relations (I): gender and age as axes of social organisation	237	(10)
Reconstructing power relations (2): the state, civil society, and the international community	247	(8)
Conclusion	255	(1)
Chapter summary	256	(3)
Preparing to intervene	259	(21)
Jonathan Goodhand
Introduction	259	(7)
Preparing to intervene: understanding the context	266	(12)
Chapter summary	278	(2)
Working `in' and `on' war	280	(34)
Jonathan Goodhand
Introduction	280	(1)
Programming challenges	280	(21)
Organisational challenges	301	(3)
Relationship-building challenges	304	(3)
How well am I doing?	307	(3)
Conclusion	310	(1)
Chapter summary	311	(3)
Conclusion: understanding as a guide to action	314	(7)
Joseph Hanlon
Helen Yanacopulos
Individuals matter	319	(2)
Acknowledgements	321	(2)
Index	323