Class Actions and Other Multi-Party Litigation: Cases and Materials

by Klonoff, Robert H.; Bilich, Edward K. M.

• ISBN13: 9780314246356
• ISBN10: 0314246355
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-02-01
• Publisher: West Group

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Table of Cases	xxxi
Table of Secondary Authorities	xli
Rule 23. Class Actions	xlix
Introduction and History	1	(40)
Themes of This Casebook	1	(7)
The Importance of Class Actions	1	(2)
Approach of this Casebook	3	(2)
Recurring Questions and Concerns	5	(3)
Perspectives on Class Actions	8	(9)
Fiss, The Political Theory of the Class Action	8	(4)
La Mar v. H & B Novelty & Loan Co.	12	(1)
Landers, Of Legalized Blackmail and Legalized Theft: Consumer Class Actions and the Substance-Procedure Dilemma	13	(3)
Notes and Questions	16	(1)
Historical Overview	17	(24)
Echoes From The Past	18	(1)
Yeazell, From Medieval Group Litigation to the Modern Class Action	18	(6)
Notes and Questions	24	(1)
The Old Federal Equity Rules	24	(1)
Equity Rule 48 (1842)	24	(1)
Equity Rule 38 (1912)	25	(1)
Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure	25	(1)
Notes and Questions	26	(1)
Original Rule 23	27	(1)
Rule 23 (1938)	27	(1)
Harkins, Federal Rule 23--The Early Years	28	(3)
Notes and Questions	31	(1)
Kaplan, Continuing Work of the Civil Committee: 1966 Amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure	32	(2)
Modern Rule 23	34	(1)
Wright, Class Actions	35	(4)
Notes and Questions	39	(2)
Class Certification: Implicit Requirements and Rule 23(a)	41	(115)
Implicit Requirements	41	(20)
A Definable Class	41	(1)
Manual for Complex Litigation (Third)	42	(1)
National Org. for Women, Inc. v. Scheidler	43	(3)
Vietnam Veterans Against the War v. Benecke	46	(3)
Notes and Questions	49	(2)
The Proposed Representatives' Membership in the Class	51	(1)
Harriston v. Chicago Tribune Co.	51	(2)
Notes and Questions	53	(2)
A Live Controversy (Mootness Considerations)	55	(1)
Rocky v. King	56	(5)
Notes and Questions	61	(1)
Rule 23(a)	61	(95)
Numerosity	62	(1)
Zeidman v. J. Ray McDermott & Co.	62	(7)
Patrykus v. Gomilla	69	(2)
Notes and Questions	71	(3)
Problem	74	(1)
Commonality	74	(1)
``Easy'' Commonality	75	(1)
Marisol A. ex rel. Forbes v. Giuliani	75	(3)
Notes and Questions	78	(2)
Commonality With Teeth	80	(1)
J.B. ex rel. Hart v. Valdez	80	(7)
Notes and Questions	87	(1)
Problem	88	(1)
Typicality	89	(1)
Whether the Typicality Requirement Has Independent Meaning	90	(1)
Taylor v. Safeway Stores, Inc.	90	(3)
Notes and Questions	93	(1)
Whether Factual Differences Destroy Typicality	94	(1)
Reilly v. Gould, Inc.	94	(5)
Notes and Questions	99	(2)
Typicality and Unique Defenses	101	(1)
Langner v. Brown	101	(4)
Notes and Questions	105	(1)
Conspiratorial or Juridical Relationship	106	(1)
Thoughts on Reform Relating to Typicality	107	(1)
Problem	108	(1)
Adequacy of Representation	108	(1)
The Importance of Adequacy	109	(1)
Hansberry v. Lee	109	(5)
Notes and Questions	114	(1)
Adequacy of Class Representatives	115	(1)
Competence	115	(1)
Black v. Rhone-Poulenc, Inc.	115	(2)
Notes and Questions	117	(2)
Honesty and Good Character	119	(1)
Kaplan v. Pomerantz	119	(10)
Notes and Questions	129	(1)
Conflicts of Interest	130	(1)
Robin v. Doctors Officenters Corp.	130	(3)
Notes and Questions	133	(3)
Ability and Willingness of the Representative to Finance the Lawsuit	136	(1)
Weber v. Goodman	136	(3)
Notes and Questions	139	(1)
Attacks on the Adequacy of Representation Standard	140	(1)
Burns, Decorative Figureheads: Eliminating Class Representatives in Class Actions	140	(4)
Notes and Questions	144	(1)
Problem	144	(1)
Adequacy of Class Counsel	145	(1)
Gomez v. Illinois State Bd. of Educ.	145	(2)
Dubin v. Miller	147	(3)
Notes and Questions	150	(4)
Problem	154	(1)
Adequacy of Pro Se Litigants	154	(1)
Oxendine v. Williams	155	(1)
Notes and Questions	155	(1)
Class Certification: Rule 23(b)	156	(105)
Rule 23(b)(1)	157	(33)
Rule 23(b)(1)(A) Actions	157	(1)
Advisory Committee Notes to 1966 Amendment to Rule 23(b)(1)(A)	157	(1)
Core Principles	158	(1)
In re Dennis Greenman Sec. Litig.	158	(3)
Notes and Questions	161	(3)
Medical Monitoring	164	(1)
In re Telectronics Pacing Sys., Inc., Accufix Atrial ``J'' Leads Prod. Liab. Litig.	165	(4)
Notes and Questions	169	(2)
Problem	171	(1)
Rule 23(b)(1)(B) Actions	171	(1)
Advisory Committee Notes to 1966 Amendment to Rule 23(b)(1)(B)	171	(1)
Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp.	172	(12)
Notes and Questions	184	(1)
Doe v. Karadzic	185	(3)
Notes and Questions	188	(2)
Problem	190	(1)
Rule 23(b)(2)	190	(33)
Advisory Committee Notes to 1966 Amendment to Rule 23(b)(2)	191	(1)
Core Considerations	192	(1)
Walters v. Reno	192	(3)
Notes and Questions	195	(1)
Relevance of Type of Relief Sought	196	(2)
Allison v. Citgo Petroleum Corp.	198	(14)
Notes and Questions	212	(2)
Medical Monitoring and Rule 23(b)(2)	214	(1)
Arch v. American Tobacco Co.	214	(3)
Notes and Questions	217	(1)
The ``Necessity'' Requirement	218	(1)
Dionne v. Bouley	218	(5)
Notes and Questions	223	(1)
Problem	223	(1)
Rule 23(b)(3)	223	(38)
Predominance	224	(1)
Core Analysis	224	(1)
Brown v. Cameron-Brown Co.	224	(4)
Notes and Questions	228	(2)
Other Recurring Themes in the Predominance Inquiry	230	(1)
Fraud Claims	230	(1)
Young v. Ray Brandt Dodge, Inc.	231	(3)
Notes and Questions	234	(1)
Personal Injury Claims	235	(1)
Individualized Defenses	236	(1)
Proposed Class Actions Involving Numerous Jurisdictions' Laws	236	(1)
Superiority	236	(1)
Superior to What?--Alternatives to Class Treatment	237	(1)
In re American Honda Motor Co. Dealer Relations Litig	237	(5)
Notes and Questions	242	(2)
Superiority--Factors to Be Considered	244	(1)
Rule 23(b)(3)(A)--Interest in Individual Control of Litigation	245	(4)
Rule 23(b)(3)(B)--Extent and Nature of Pending Litigation	249	(3)
Notes and Questions	252	(1)
Rule 23(b)(3)(C)--Desirability or Undesirability of Concentrating Litigation in Particular Forum	252	(2)
Notes and Questions	254	(1)
Rule 23(b)(3)(D)--Manageability Issues	255	(1)
In re Domestic Air Transp. Antitrust Litig	255	(3)
Notes and Questions	258	(1)
Tools for Addressing Predominance or Manageability Problems	259	(1)
Problem	259	(2)
Litigating a Class Action	261	(116)
Initial Strategic Considerations in Prosecuting and Defending a Class Action	261	(20)
Plaintiffs' Perspective	262	(1)
Newberg & Conte, Newberg on Class Actions	262	(3)
Beckley, Investigation and Development of the Class Action	265	(8)
Defendants' Perspective	273	(1)
Solovy, Chorvat, Stern & Feinberg, ``Strategies for Defending a Class Action,'' in Litigation & Resolution of Complex Class Actions	273	(2)
Maclin, Strategies and Options for Defending Class Actions	275	(3)
Problem	278	(1)
Issues Common to Both Sides: Need to Review Local Rules	279	(2)
Certification Decision	281	(27)
Core Principles	281	(1)
Timing of Certification Decision	281	(1)
Manual for Complex Litigation (Third)	281	(1)
Notes and Questions	282	(1)
The Class Certification Decision	283	(5)
Notes and Questions	288	(3)
Specialized Issues	291	(1)
Court's Obligation to Rule/Class Actions by Implication	291	(1)
Bing v. Roadway Express, Inc.	291	(2)
Notes and Questions	293	(1)
Conditional Certification and Certification of Specific Issues	294	(1)
Central Wesleyan College v. W.R. Grace & Co.	294	(5)
Notes and Questions	299	(2)
Subclasses	301	(1)
Pruitt v. Allied Chem. Corp.	301	(6)
Notes and Questions	307	(1)
Class Certification for Purposes of Settlement	308	(1)
Class Action Discovery	308	(36)
Pre-Certification Discovery	308	(1)
Is Discovery Necessary?	308	(1)
Fogie v. Rent-A-Center, Inc.	309	(4)
Notes and Questions	313	(3)
Scope of Discovery	316	(1)
Limiting Discovery to Class Certification Issues	316	(1)
``Class'' Versus ``Merits'' Discovery	316	(1)
American Nurses' Ass'n v. State of Illinois	316	(1)
Blair v. Source One Mortgage Serv. Corp.	317	(2)
Notes and Questions	319	(1)
Permissible Areas of Inquiry	320	(2)
Other Limitations on the Scope of Discovery	322	(1)
Borskey v. Medtronics, Inc.	322	(2)
Notes and Questions	324	(1)
National Org. for Women, Inc. v. Sperry Rand Corp.	324	(5)
Notes and Questions	329	(1)
Discovery Directed to Absent Plaintiffs	330	(1)
Baldwin & Flynn v. National Safety Assocs.	330	(3)
Laborers Local 17 Health & Benefit Fund v. Philip Morris, Inc.	333	(4)
Notes and Questions	337	(1)
Post-Certification Discovery	337	(1)
Brennan v. Midwestern United Life Ins. Co.	337	(3)
Manual for Complex Litigation (Third)	340	(1)
Developments in the Law: Class Actions	341	(2)
Notes and Questions	343	(1)
Problem	343	(1)
Summary Judgment Motions	344	(2)
Cowen v. Bank United	344	(2)
Notes and Questions	346	(1)
Judicial Control of Proceedings	346	(16)
Role of the Judge	346	(1)
Minow, Judge for the Situation: Judge Jack Weinstein, Creator of Temporary Administrative Agencies	347	(7)
Manual for Complex Litigation (Third)	354	(1)
Notes and Questions	355	(2)
Rule 23(d)(1)	357	(1)
Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure	357	(1)
Other Provisions of Rule 23(d)	358	(3)
Disputes over Selection of Class Counsel	361	(1)
Trial Structure and Evidentiary Issues	362	(15)
Seventh Amendment Issues	362	(3)
Mullen v. Treasure Chest Casino, LLC	365	(4)
Notes and Questions	369	(1)
Due Process Issues	370	(1)
Aggregated Proof	370	(1)
Trial Structure	370	(1)
Hilao v. Estate of Marcos	371	(3)
Notes and Questions	374	(3)
Notice of Class Certification, ``Opt-Out'' Rights, and Communications with Class Members	377	(44)
Notice of Class Certification and ``Opt-Out'' Rights	377	(27)
Notice and Opt-Out Rights in Classes Certified Under Rule 23(b)(3)	379	(1)
The Requirement of Notice	379	(1)
Eisen v. Carlisle & Jacquelin	379	(2)
Notes and Questions	381	(2)
Problem	383	(1)
Ability to Opt Out	383	(3)
Costs, Timing, Form, and Content of Notice in Class Actions Certified Under Rule 23(b)(3)	386	(1)
The Costs of Notice	386	(1)
Oppenheimer Fund, Inc. v. Sanders	386	(5)
Notes and Questions	391	(1)
Timing of Class Certification Notice	391	(2)
Form and Content of Class Certification Notice	393	(1)
Manual for Complex Litigation (Third)	393	(1)
Notes and Questions	393	(5)
The Right to Make an Appearance in Rule 23(b)(3) Class Actions	398	(1)
In re Potash Antitrust Litig	398	(4)
Notes and Questions	402	(1)
Notice and Opt-Out Rights in Class Actions Certified Under Rule 23(b)(1) or 23(b)(2)	403	(1)
Communications With Class Members	404	(17)
Contacts With Potential Class Members Before Class Action Is Filed	404	(1)
Notes and Questions	405	(2)
Communications With Potential Class Members Between Filing and Class Certification	407	(1)
Gulf Oil Co. v. Bernard	407	(6)
Notes and Questions	413	(5)
Communications With Class Members After Class Certification	418	(1)
Haffer v. Temple Univ.	418	(2)
Notes and Questions	420	(1)
Multi-Jurisdictional Class Actions	421	(38)
General Considerations	422	(9)
Califano v. Yamasaki	422	(3)
Notes and Questions	425	(1)
Alabama v. Blue Bird Body Co.	426	(4)
Notes and Questions	430	(1)
Personal Jurisdiction and Choice-of-Law Issues	431	(28)
Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts	431	(6)
Notes and Questions	437	(3)
In re Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc.	440	(5)
In re Copley Pharm., Inc., ``Albuterol'' Prod. Liab. Litig.	445	(3)
Castano v. American Tobacco Co.	448	(7)
Notes and Questions	455	(4)
Civil Procedure Doctrines With Special Class-Action Implications	459	(124)
Statute of Limitations Issues in Class Actions	460	(12)
Armstrong v. Martin Marietta Corp.	460	(8)
Notes and Questions	468	(4)
Problem	472	(1)
Issues Relating to Diversity Jurisdiction	472	(26)
Aggregation of Claims for Purposes of Jurisdictional Amount	475	(1)
Fein v. Chrysler Corp.	475	(9)
Notes and Questions	484	(1)
Determining Citizenship for Diversity Purposes	485	(1)
Triggs v. John Crump Toyota, Inc.	486	(2)
Notes and Questions	488	(1)
Proposals for Broadening the Scope of Federal Diversity Jurisdiction	489	(1)
Interstate Class Action Jurisdiction Act of 1999	489	(9)
Notes and Questions	498	(1)
Res Judicata and Collateral Estoppel	498	(39)
Claim Preclusion (Res Judicata) in the Class-Action Context	499	(1)
The Structural Context of Res Judicata in Class Actions Under Rule 23	500	(1)
McDowell v. Brown	500	(7)
Notes and Questions	507	(1)
Potential Limitations on Res Judicata	508	(1)
Limitations Upon the Res Judicata Effect of Class Actions Seeking Only Declaratory or Injunctive Relief	508	(1)
Johnson v. General Motors Corp.	508	(2)
Notes and Questions	510	(1)
The Question of Opt-Out Rights-Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts	511	(5)
The ``Other'' Shutts Problem: Does Due Process Generally Require an Opportunity to Participate?	516	(1)
Woolley, Rethinking the Adequacy of Adequate Representation	516	(3)
Notes and Questions	519	(1)
Issue Preclusion (Collateral Estoppel) in the Class-Action Context	520	(1)
General Principles	520	(2)
Premier Elec. Constr. Co. v. National Elec. Contractors Ass'n	522	(9)
Notes and Questions	531	(1)
Collateral Estoppel Effect of Prior Denial of Class Certification	531	(1)
J.R. Clearwater, Inc. v. Ashland Chem. Co.	532	(2)
Notes and Questions	534	(2)
Problem	536	(1)
Federal Relations With State Courts in the Class-Action Context	537	(46)
Overview of the Issues	537	(1)
In re General Motors Corp. Pick-Up Truck Fuel Tank Prod. Liab. Litig.	538	(9)
Notes and Questions	547	(1)
Full Faith and Credit	547	(1)
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Epstein	547	(7)
Epstein v. MCA, Inc.	554	(6)
Notes and Questions	560	(4)
The Anti-Injunction Act	564	(1)
The Anti-Injunction Act in Operation	564	(1)
In re Corrugated Container Antitrust Litig	564	(3)
Notes and Questions	567	(1)
Interplay of the Anti-Injunction Act and ``Mandatory'' Class Actions Under Rules 23(b)(1) and 23(b)(2)	568	(1)
In re Joint E. & S. Dist. Asbestos Litig. (Eagle-Picher Indus.)	568	(8)
Notes and Questions	576	(1)
The ``Rooker-Feldman'' Doctrine	577	(1)
Kamilewicz v. Bank of Boston Corp.	577	(5)
Notes and Questions	582	(1)
Resolution of Class Actions	583	(132)
Class-Action Settlements	583	(82)
Interested Participants	584	(6)
Negotiation of Class-Action Settlements	590	(1)
Intra-Class Conflicts	590	(1)
Morawetz, Bargaining, Class Representation, and Fairness	590	(4)
Notes and Questions	594	(1)
Attorney Conflicts of Interest	594	(1)
Coffee, Class Wars: The Dilemma of the Mass Tort Class Action	594	(5)
Notes and Questions	599	(1)
The Judge's Role in Fostering Settlement	599	(1)
Spiegel, Settling Class Actions	599	(2)
Notes and Questions	601	(1)
``Settlement Certification''	602	(1)
Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor	602	(14)
Notes and Questions	616	(2)
Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp.	618	(1)
Notes and Questions	619	(1)
Procedural Considerations in Assessing Class-Action Settlements	619	(1)
Notice	620	(1)
Zimmer Paper Prod., Inc. v. Berger & Montague, P.C.	620	(7)
Notes and Questions	627	(4)
Discovery Relating to Settlement	631	(1)
Note, Peering Into a Black Box: Discovery and Adequate Attorney Representation for Class Action Settlements	631	(2)
Notes and Questions	633	(1)
Fairness Hearing	633	(1)
Substantive Considerations in Approving Class-Action Settlements	634	(1)
Fairness Assessment	634	(1)
Clement v. American Honda Fin. Corp.	634	(9)
Notes and Questions	643	(3)
Resolving Attorney-Client Conflicts	646	(1)
Lazy Oil Co. v. Witco Corp.	646	(5)
Notes and Questions	651	(1)
Dismissal of Class Claims Prior to Class Certification	651	(1)
Magana v. Platzer Shipyard, Inc.	652	(7)
Notes and Questions	659	(1)
Final Thoughts on Settlement	660	(1)
Koniak, Feasting While the Widow Weeps: Georgine v. Amchem Products, Inc.	660	(3)
Notes and Questions	663	(2)
Class-Action Remedies	665	(22)
Equitable Relief	665	(1)
Greenberg, Civil Rights Class Actions: Procedural Means of Obtaining Substance	666	(7)
Anderson, The Approval and Interpretation of Consent Decrees in Civil Rights Class Action Litigation	673	(2)
Notes and Questions	675	(1)
Damages	676	(1)
General Considerations	676	(1)
Developments in the Law: Class Actions	676	(3)
Notes and Questions	679	(1)
Cy Pres	679	(1)
Six (6) Mexican Workers v. Arizona Citrus Growers	679	(7)
Notes and Questions	686	(1)
Attorneys' Fees in Class Actions	687	(13)
Manual for Complex Litigation (Third)	687	(2)
In re Thirteen Appeals Arising Out of the San Juan Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire Litig	689	(11)
Notes and Questions	700	(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution	700	(15)
The Nature of ADR	700	(1)
Lieberman & Henry, Lessons From the Alternative Dispute Resolution Movement	700	(3)
The Role of ADR in Litigation Management	703	(1)
McGovern, Toward a Functional Approach for Managing Complex Litigation	703	(2)
The Uses of ADR in Class Actions	705	(1)
Menkel-Meadow, When Dispute Begets Resolution Disputes Of Its Own: Conflicts Among Dispute Professionals	705	(1)
Special Masters: A Revew of One ADR Tool	706	(1)
Feinberg, Creative Use of ADR: The Court-Appointed Special Settlement Master	706	(5)
Notes and Questions	711	(4)
Appellate Review	715	(37)
Interlocutory Appellate Review	715	(25)
The ``Death Knell'' Doctrine and Cohen Review	716	(1)
Coopers & Lybrand v. Livesay	716	(5)
Notes and Questions	721	(2)
Interlocutory Appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(a)(1)	723	(1)
Gardner v. Westinghouse Broad. Co.	723	(1)
Notes and Questions	724	(2)
Interlocutory Review under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b)	726	(1)
Castano v. American Tobacco Co.	727	(3)
Notes and Questions	730	(1)
Mandamus	730	(3)
Rule 23(f)	733	(1)
Fed.R.Civ.P.23(f)	733	(1)
Committee Notes to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(f)	733	(2)
Blair v. Equifax Check Servs., Inc.	735	(3)
Notes and Questions	738	(2)
Appeal From Final Judgment	740	(11)
Intervention for Purposes of Appeal	740	(1)
United Airlines, Inc. v. McDonald	740	(4)
Notes and Questions	744	(3)
Mootness of Class Representative's Claim	747	(1)
Appeal from Settlement	747	(1)
Shults v. Champion Int'l Corp.	747	(3)
Notes and Questions	750	(1)
Standards of Review on Appeal	751	(1)
Special Focus on Mass Tort, Employment Discrimination, and Securities Fraud Class Actions	752	(193)
Leubsdorf, Class Actions at the Cloverleaf	753	(3)
Mass Tort Class Actions	756	(80)
Overview	756	(2)
Hensler & Peterson, Understanding Mass Personal Injury Litigation: A Socio-Legal Analysis	758	(8)
Notes and Questions	766	(1)
An Historical Review: The Courts' Treatment of Mass Tort Class Actions	767	(1)
Late 1960s Through Early 1980s	767	(2)
Mid-1980s	769	(1)
Jenkins v. Raymark Indus., Inc.	770	(3)
Notes and Questions	773	(1)
Recent Appellate Court Skepticism	773	(1)
In the Matter of Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Inc.	774	(7)
Castano v. American Tobacco Co.	781	(6)
Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor	787	(1)
Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp.	787	(1)
Notes and Questions	787	(2)
Responses to Judicial Skepticism	789	(4)
Other Issues in Mass Tort Class Actions	793	(1)
Exposure-Only Claimants	793	(1)
Carlough v. Amchem Prods., Inc.	793	(5)
Coffee, Class Wars: The Dilemma of the Mass Tort Class Action	798	(3)
Notes and Questions	801	(2)
Problems of Classwide Proof in Mass Tort Cases	803	(1)
In re Fibreboard Corp	803	(7)
Hilao v. Estate of Marcos	810	(7)
Cimino v. Raymark Ind.	817	(5)
Walker & Monahan, Sampling Damages	822	(4)
Notes and Questions	826	(1)
Problem	827	(1)
Mass Tort Reform	828	(1)
Legislative Inertia	828	(1)
Schuck, Mass Torts: An Institutional Evolutionist Perspective	828	(2)
Notes and Questions	830	(1)
Reform Proposals	830	(6)
Notes and Questions	836	(1)
Employment Discrimination Class Actions	836	(57)
Applicability of Rule 23 to Title VII Suits	838	(1)
General Principles	838	(1)
East Texas Motor Freight Sys., Inc. v. Rodriguez	838	(5)
Notes and Questions	843	(3)
Johnson v. Montgomery County Sheriffs Dep't	846	(3)
Notes and Questions	849	(2)
The Importance of the Administrative Process	851	(1)
Hoffman v. R.I. Enters., Inc	852	(1)
Notes and Questions	853	(1)
Issues Under Rule 23(b)(2)	854	(1)
Allegations of a ``Pattern and Practice''	854	(1)
General Principles	854	(5)
Notes and Questions	859	(1)
Res Judicata Effect of Finding of No Pattern and Practice	860	(1)
Cooper v. Federal Reserve Bank	860	(7)
Notes and Questions	867	(1)
Employment Discrimination Suits Not Subject to Rule 23	867	(1)
Institution of an ADEA Collective Action	867	(1)
Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. v. Sperling	867	(9)
Notes and Questions	876	(1)
Maintaining an ADEA ``Collective Action''	876	(1)
Shushan v. University of Colo.	876	(7)
Notes and Questions	883	(1)
Thiessen v. General Elec. Capital Corp.	883	(9)
Notes and Questions	892	(1)
Problem	892	(1)
Securities Fraud Class Actions	893	(52)
Materiality and Reliance in 10b-5 Class Actions	894	(1)
Basic, Inc. v. Levinson	895	(9)
Notes and Questions	904	(6)
Securities Class Action Reform	910	(1)
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995	911	(1)
Overview	911	(2)
Notes and Questions	913	(1)
Litigation Under the Reform Act	913	(1)
Lead Plaintiff--Notice and Standing to Object	914	(1)
Greebel v. FTP Software, Inc.	914	(6)
Notes and Questions	920	(2)
Lead Plaintiff--Choice	922	(1)
In re Oxford Health Plans, Inc., Sec. Litig.	922	(5)
Notes and Questions	927	(2)
Lead Counsel Disputes	929	(1)
In re Milestone Scientific Sec. Litig.	930	(6)
Notes and Questions	936	(1)
Removal of Securities Cases to Federal Court	937	(1)
Abada v. Charles Schwab & Co.	937	(7)
Notes and Questions	944	(1)
Problem	944	(1)
Defendant Class Actions, Derivative Suits, and Suits Involving Unincorporated Associations	945	(71)
Defendant Class Actions	945	(32)
Overview of Rule 23 Considerations	946	(1)
Thillens, Inc. v. Community Currency Exch. Ass'n	946	(9)
Notes and Questions	955	(4)
Additional Issues Involving Adequacy of Defendant-Class Representatives	959	(1)
Intra-Class Conflicts	959	(1)
Coalition for Econ. Equity v. Wilson	959	(2)
Notes and Questions	961	(1)
Bilateral Classes	962	(1)
La Mar v. H & B Novelty & Loan Co.	962	(2)
Notes and Questions	964	(1)
Special Problems Under Rule 23(b)(2)	965	(1)
Henson v. East Lincoln Township	965	(10)
Notes and Questions	975	(2)
Shareholder Derivative Suits	977	(27)
Fed.R.Civ.P.23.1. Derivative Actions by Shareholders	977	(1)
1966 Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 23.1	977	(1)
Nature of Injury Required	978	(1)
Bagdon v. Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc.	978	(4)
Notes and Questions	982	(1)
Recurring Themes in Rule 23.1 Litigation	983	(1)
Contemporaneous Ownership Rule	983	(1)
Blasband v. Rales	983	(5)
Notes and Questions	988	(1)
Demand Requirement	989	(1)
Garber v. Lego	989	(7)
Notes and Questions	996	(1)
Similarities To Rule 23	997	(1)
Adequacy of Representation	997	(4)
Notes and Questions	1001	(1)
Notice of and Court Approval of Settlement	1001	(2)
Other Rule 23 Issues	1003	(1)
Suits Involving Unincorporated Associations	1004	(12)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 23.2. Actions Relating to Unincorporated Associations	1004	(1)
1966 Advisory Committee Notes to Rule 23.2	1004	(3)
Applicability of Rule 23.2 When An Unincorporated Association Can Sue as a ``Jural Entity'' in State Court	1007	(1)
Northbrook Excess & Surplus Ins. Co. v. Medical Malpractice Joint Underwriting Ass'n	1007	(4)
Notes and Questions	1011	(1)
Prior Existence of Association	1011	(1)
Applicability of Rule 23(a) and Rule 23(b) to Analysis of Certification Under Rule 23.2	1012	(4)
Non-Class Aggregation Devices	1016	(173)
Non-Class Party Aggregation Devices Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure	1017	(103)
Permissive Joinder	1017	(1)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 20 Permissive Joinder of Parties	1017	(1)
Guedry v. Marino	1018	(4)
Borzych v. Bertrand	1022	(4)
Notes and Questions	1026	(5)
Problem	1031	(1)
Compulsory Joinder	1031	(1)
General Principles	1031	(1)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 19. Joinder of Persons Needed for Just Adjudication	1031	(1)
Iron Workers Local Union No. 17 Ins. Fund v. Philip Morris, Inc.	1032	(8)
Kescoli v. Babbitt	1040	(6)
Notes and Questions	1046	(3)
Compulsory Joinder in Class Actions	1049	(1)
Shimkus v. Gersten Co.	1049	(5)
Notes and Questions	1054	(1)
Impleader	1055	(1)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 14. Third-Party Practice	1055	(3)
Tiesler v. Martin Paint Stores, Inc.	1058	(2)
Notes and Questions	1060	(3)
Interpleader	1063	(1)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 22. Interpleader	1063	(1)
Federal Interpleader Act	1064	(1)
State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Tashire	1065	(5)
6247 Atlas Corp. v. Marine Ins. Co.	1070	(5)
Notes and Questions	1075	(2)
Intervention	1077	(1)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 24. Intervention	1077	(1)
General Concepts	1078	(1)
Johnson v. City of Dallas	1078	(4)
Mausolf v. Babbitt	1082	(8)
Notes and Questions	1090	(3)
Intervention in Class Actions	1093	(1)
Woolen v. Surtran Taxicabs, Inc.	1093	(8)
Notes and Questions	1101	(1)
Problem	1101	(1)
Mandatory Intervention?	1102	(1)
Martin v. Wilks	1102	(6)
Notes and Questions	1108	(1)
Consolidation	1109	(1)
Fed.R.Civ.P. 42. Consolidation	1109	(1)
Daybrook Fisheries, Inc. v. American Marine Constr., Inc.	1110	(2)
Malcolm v. National Gypsum Co.	1112	(6)
Notes and Questions	1118	(2)
Other Non-Class Aggregation Devices in Federal Practice	1120	(65)
Coordination of Federal Court Cases: Multidistrict Transfers Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1407	1121	(1)
Background	1121	(1)
Multidistrict Litigation Act	1122	(2)
Weigel, The Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, Transferor Courts and Transferee Courts	1124	(2)
Notes and Questions	1126	(1)
Standards for Transfer	1126	(1)
In re Multi-Piece Rim Prod. Liab. Litig.	1126	(4)
Notes and Questions	1130	(2)
Selection of the Transferee Court	1132	(1)
In re Silicone Gel Breast Implants Prod. Liab. Litig.	1132	(3)
Notes and Questions	1135	(1)
Transferee Court's Self-Assignment for Trial	1136	(1)
Lexecon, Inc. v. Milberg Weiss Bershad Hynes & Lerach	1136	(7)
Notes and Questions	1143	(4)
Problem	1147	(1)
Transfers under 28 U.S.C. § 1404	1148	(1)
Hoffman v. Blaski	1148	(4)
Notes and Questions	1152	(4)
Bankruptcy	1156	(1)
Aggregation of Claims Against a Debtor	1156	(1)
Mabey & Zisser, Improving Treatment of Future Claims: The Unfinished Business Left by the Manville Amendments	1156	(2)
Notes and Questions	1158	(1)
Aggregation of Related Claims Against Other Parties	1159	(1)
In re Dow Corning Corp.	1159	(8)
Notes and Questions	1167	(2)
Attempted Use of Other Aggregation Devices to Escape Bankruptcy Jurisdiction	1169	(1)
In re Joint E. & S. Dist. Asbestos Litig.	1169	(2)
Notes and Questions	1171	(2)
Federal/State Coordination	1173	(1)
Informal Coordination	1173	(1)
Manual for Complex Litigation (Third)	1173	(2)
Notes and Questions	1175	(1)
Proposed Solutions	1176	(1)
American Law Institute, Complex Litigation: Statutory Recommendations and Analysis	1176	(4)
Schwarzer, Hirsch & Sussman, A Proposal to Amend the Multidistrict Litigation Statute to Permit Discovery Coordination of Large-Scale Litigation Pending in State and Federal Court	1180	(4)
Notes and Questions	1184	(1)
Afterword	1185	(4)
Developments in the Law: Multiparty Litigation in the Federal Courts	1185	(2)
Cooper, The (Cloudy) Future of Class Actions	1187	(2)
Index	1189