Clinical Drug Therapy Rationales for Nursing Practice

by Abrams, Anne Collins

• ISBN13: 9780781739269
• ISBN10: 0781739268
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-06-17
• Publisher: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Summary

Now with a free CD-ROM, this leading full-color pharmacology textbook presents unique coverage of nursing interventions for drug therapies with related rationales, emphasizing the individualization of drug therapy. Chapters are organized by body systems and therapeutic classifications of drugs. Highly praised for presenting information in an organized, concise and readable fashion, this text includes many excellent features such as: How to Avoid Medication Errors, Client Teaching Guidelines, Apply Your Knowledge, Nursing Action Tables with Rationales, Case Scenarios, Review Exercises, and Nursing Process Boxes. The Seventh Edition highlights new content including herbal and food supplements throughout. For more information, visit http://connection.lww.com/go/abrams.

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 Introduction to Drug Therapy	1	(70)
Introduction to Pharmacology	2	(7)
A Message to Students	2	(1)
Overview	2	(1)
Sources of Drugs	3	(1)
Drug Classifications and Prototypes	3	(1)
Drug Names	3	(1)
Drug Marketing	3	(1)
Pharmacoeconomics	4	(1)
Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs	4	(1)
Drug Approval Processes	4	(3)
Sources of Drug Information	7	(1)
Strategies for Studying Pharmacology	7	(2)
Basic Concepts and Processes	9	(20)
Overview	9	(1)
Cellular Physiology	9	(1)
Drug Transport Through Cell Membranes	10	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	10	(5)
Pharmacodynamics	15	(2)
Variables That Affect Drug Actions	17	(3)
Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance	20	(1)
Adverse Effects of Drugs	20	(9)
Administering Medications	29	(18)
Overview	29	(1)
General Principles of Accurate Drug Administration	29	(1)
Legal Responsibilities	30	(1)
Medication Errors	30	(1)
Medication Systems	31	(1)
Medication Orders	31	(1)
Drug Preparations and Dosage Forms	32	(2)
Calculating Drug Dosages	34	(1)
Routes of Administration	35	(12)
Nursing Process in Drug Therapy	47	(24)
Overview	47	(1)
Nursing Process in Drug Therapy	48	(3)
Integrating Nursing Process, Critical Paths and Drug Therapy	51	(8)
General Principles of Drug Therapy	59	(12)
SECTION 2 Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System	71	(189)
Physiology of the Central Nervous System	72	(7)
Characteristics and Functions of the Central Nervous System	72	(5)
Drugs Affecting the Central Nervous System	77	(2)
Opioid Analgesics and Opioid Antagonists	79	(20)
Overview	79	(1)
Pain	79	(1)
Endogenous Analgesia System	80	(1)
Opioid Analgesics	80	(2)
Individual Drugs	82	(7)
Principles of Therapy	89	(10)
Analgesic---Antipyretic---Anti-inflammatory and Related Drugs	99	(25)
Overview	99	(1)
Pain, Fever, and Inflammation	100	(1)
Mechanism of Action	100	(2)
Indications for Use	102	(1)
Contraindications to Use	103	(1)
Subgroups and Individual Drugs	104	(10)
Principles of Therapy	114	(10)
Antianxiety and Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs	124	(20)
Overview	124	(1)
Anxiety	125	(1)
Sleep and Insomnia	125	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Anxiety and Insomnia	126	(8)
Principles of Therapy	134	(10)
Antipsychotic Drugs	144	(19)
Psychosis	144	(1)
Schizophrenia	145	(1)
Antipsychotic Drugs	145	(7)
Principles of Therapy	152	(11)
Drugs for Mood Disorders: Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers	163	(19)
Mood Disorders	163	(2)
Antidepressant Drugs	165	(1)
Types of Antidepressants and Individual Drugs	166	(5)
Principles of Therapy	171	(11)
Antiseizure Drugs	182	(20)
Seizure Disorders	182	(1)
Antiseizure Drugs	183	(1)
Individual Antiseizure Drugs	184	(9)
Principles of Therapy	193	(9)
Antiparkinson Drugs	202	(11)
Parkinson's Disease	202	(1)
Antiparkinson Drugs	202	(1)
Individual Antiparkinson Drugs	203	(4)
Principles of Therapy	207	(6)
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	213	(7)
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants	213	(1)
Individual Drugs	214	(3)
Principles of Therapy	217	(3)
Anesthetics	220	(16)
General Anesthesia	220	(1)
Regional Anesthesia	221	(1)
Adjuncts to Anesthesia	221	(1)
Individual Anesthetic Agents	222	(1)
Principles of Therapy	222	(14)
Substance Abuse Disorders	236	(15)
Substance Abuse	236	(1)
Dependence	236	(1)
Central Nervous System Depressants	237	(6)
Central Nervous System Stimulants	243	(6)
Principles of Therapy	249	(2)
Central Nervous System Stimulants	251	(9)
Uses	251	(1)
Types of Stimulants	252	(1)
Individual Central Nervous System Stimulants	252	(3)
Principles of Therapy	255	(5)
SECTION 3 Drugs Affecting the Autonomic Nervous System	260	(60)
Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System	261	(7)
Autonomic Nervous System	261	(5)
Characteristics of Autonomic Drugs	266	(2)
Adrenergic Drugs	268	(15)
Description	268	(4)
Individual Adrenergic Drugs	272	(3)
Principles of Therapy	275	(8)
Antiadrenergic Drugs	283	(15)
Description	283	(2)
Individual Antiadrenergic Drugs	285	(5)
Principles of Therapy	290	(8)
Cholinergic Drugs	298	(10)
Description	298	(1)
Individual Cholinergic Drugs	299	(4)
Principles of Therapy	303	(5)
Anticholinergic Drugs	308	(12)
Description	308	(2)
Individual Anticholinergic Drugs	310	(4)
Principles of Therapy	314	(6)
SECTION 4 Drugs Affecting the Endocrine System	320	(113)
Physiology of the Endocrine System	321	(4)
Overview	321	(1)
Endocrine System-Nervous System Interactions	321	(1)
General Characteristics of Hormones	322	(2)
General Characteristics of Hormonal Drugs	324	(1)
Hypothalamic and Pituitary Hormones	325	(9)
Overview	325	(2)
Therapeutic Limitations	327	(1)
Individual Hormonal Agents	328	(3)
Principles of Therapy	331	(3)
Corticosteroids	334	(19)
Overview	334	(1)
Endogenous Corticosteroids	334	(3)
Exogenous Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoid Drugs)	337	(6)
Principles of Therapy	343	(10)
Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs	353	(13)
Overview	353	(1)
Thyroid Disorders	354	(2)
Individual Drugs	356	(4)
Principles of Therapy	360	(6)
Hormones That Regulate Calcium and Bone Metabolism	366	(16)
Overview	366	(2)
Drugs Used for Calcium and Bone Disorders	368	(7)
Principles of Therapy	375	(7)
Antidiabetic Drugs	382	(27)
Overview	382	(1)
Endogenous Insulin	382	(2)
Diabetes Mellitus	384	(1)
Hypoglycemic Drugs	385	(9)
Principles of Therapy	394	(15)
Estrogens, Progestins, and Hormonal Contraceptives	409	(16)
Overview	409	(1)
Estrogens	410	(1)
Progesterone	410	(1)
Estrogens and Progestins Used as Drugs	411	(2)
Individual Estrogens, Progestins, and Combination Products	413	(5)
Principles of Therapy	418	(7)
Androgens and Anabolic Steroids	425	(8)
Overview	425	(1)
Testosterone	425	(1)
Anabolic Steroids	426	(1)
Abuse of Androgenic and Anabolic Steroid Drugs	426	(1)
Androgens and Anabolic Steroids Used As Drugs	427	(2)
Principles of Therapy	429	(4)
SECTION 5 Nutrients, Fluids, and Electrolytes	433	(60)
Nutritional Support Products and Drugs for Obesity	434	(19)
Overview	434	(1)
Nutritional Deficiency States	434	(1)
Nutritional Products	435	(1)
Pancreatic Enzymes	435	(1)
Obesity	436	(6)
Principles of Therapy	442	(11)
Vitamins	453	(16)
Overview	453	(1)
Description and Uses	454	(1)
Vitamin Supplements	454	(6)
Principles of Therapy	460	(9)
Minerals and Electrolytes	469	(24)
Overview	469	(1)
Minerals as Nutrients	470	(1)
Individual Agents Used In Mineral-Electrolyte Imbalances	470	(13)
Principles of Therapy	483	(10)
SECTION 6 Drugs Used to Treat Infections	493	(134)
General Characteristics of Antimicrobial Drugs	494	(16)
Overview	494	(1)
Microorganisms and Infections	494	(5)
Host Defense Mechanisms	499	(1)
Characteristics of Anti-Infective Drugs	500	(2)
Principles of Therapy	502	(8)
Beta-Lactam Antibacterials: Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Others	510	(17)
Overview	510	(1)
Penicillins	511	(6)
Cephalosporins	517	(1)
Carbapenems	518	(1)
Monobactam	519	(1)
Principles of Therapy	519	(8)
Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones	527	(10)
Overview	527	(1)
Aminoglycosides	527	(3)
Fluoroquinolones	530	(1)
Principles of Therapy	531	(6)
Tetracyclines, Sulfonamides, and Urinary Agents	537	(11)
Overview	537	(6)
Principles of Therapy	543	(5)
Macrolides and Miscellaneous Antibacterials	548	(11)
Overview	548	(1)
Macrolides	548	(2)
Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs	550	(2)
Principles of Therapy	552	(7)
Drugs for Tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium Complex (MAC) Disease	559	(17)
Overview	559	(1)
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis	560	(1)
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis	561	(1)
Preventing the Development and Spread of Tuberculosis	561	(1)
Antitubercular Drugs	561	(6)
Treatment of Active Tuberculosis	567	(1)
Mycobacterium avium Complex Disease	567	(1)
Principles of Therapy	568	(8)
Antiviral Drugs	576	(19)
Overview	576	(9)
Principles of Therapy	585	(10)
Antifungal Drugs	595	(19)
Overview	595	(1)
Fungal Infections	596	(10)
Principles of Therapy	606	(8)
Antiparasitics	614	(13)
Overview	614	(1)
Protozoal Infections	614	(2)
Helminthiasis	616	(1)
Scabies and Pediculosis	616	(1)
Antiparasitic Drugs	617	(6)
Principles of Therapy	623	(4)
SECTION 7 Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis and the Immune System	627	(66)
Physiology of the Hematopoietic and Immune Systems	628	(12)
Overview	628	(1)
Hematopoietic Cytokines	628	(2)
Overview of Body Defense Mechanisms	630	(1)
Immunity	631	(1)
Immune Cells	632	(5)
Patient-Related Factors That Influence Immune Function	637	(1)
Immune Disorders	638	(1)
Drugs That Alter Hematopoietic and Immune Responses	638	(2)
Immunizing Agents	640	(17)
Overview	640	(1)
Immunization	641	(1)
Agents for Active Immunity	641	(1)
Agents for Passive Immunity	641	(1)
Individual Immunizing Agents	642	(6)
Principles of Therapy	648	(9)
Hematopoietic and Immunostimulant Drugs	657	(14)
Overview	657	(1)
General Characteristics of Hematopoietic and Immunostimulant Drugs	657	(6)
Principles of Therapy	663	(8)
Immunosuppressants	671	(22)
Overview	671	(1)
Autoimmune Disorders	672	(2)
Tissue and Organ Transplantation	674	(1)
Immunosuppressant Drugs	675	(7)
Principles of Therapy	682	(11)
SECTION 8 Drugs Affecting the Respiratory System	693	(45)
Physiology of the Respiratory System	694	(3)
Overview	694	(2)
Summary	696	(1)
Disorders of the Respiratory System	696	(1)
Drug Therapy	696	(1)
Drugs for Asthma and Other Bronchoconstrictive Disorders	697	(18)
Overview	697	(3)
Drug Therapy	700	(6)
Principles of Therapy	706	(9)
Antihistamines and Allergic Disorders	715	(13)
Overview	715	(1)
Histamine and Its Receptors	715	(1)
Hypersensitivity (Allergic) Reactions	716	(2)
Antihistamines	718	(5)
Principles of Therapy	723	(5)
Nasal Decongestants, Antitussives, and Cold Remedies	728	(10)
Overview	728	(1)
The Common Cold	728	(1)
Sinusitis	729	(1)
Common Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disorders	729	(1)
Drugs for Respiratory Disorders	729	(1)
Individual Drugs	730	(3)
Principles of Therapy	733	(5)
SECTION 9 Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System	738	(125)
Physiology of the Cardiovascular System	739	(4)
Overview	739	(1)
Heart	739	(1)
Blood Vessels	740	(1)
Blood	741	(1)
Cardiovascular Disorders	742	(1)
Drug Therapy in Cardiovascular Disorders	742	(1)
Drug Therapy of Heart Failure	743	(15)
Overview	743	(1)
Drug Therapy	744	(6)
Principles of Therapy	750	(8)
Antidysrhythmic Drugs	758	(16)
Overview	758	(1)
Cardiac Electrophysiology	758	(1)
Cardiac Dysrhythmias	759	(1)
Antidysrhythmic Drugs	760	(1)
Classifications and Individual Drugs	760	(7)
Principles of Therapy	767	(7)
Antianginal Drugs	774	(14)
Overview	774	(3)
Antianginal Drugs	777	(5)
Principles of Therapy	782	(6)
Drugs Used in Hypotension and Shock	788	(9)
Overview	788	(1)
Antishock Drugs	789	(1)
Individual Drugs	789	(3)
Principles of Therapy	792	(5)
Antihypertensive Drugs	797	(21)
Overview	797	(1)
Regulation of Arterial Blood Pressure	797	(1)
Hypertension	798	(3)
Antihypertensive Drugs	801	(2)
Individual Drugs	803	(1)
Principles of Therapy	804	(14)
Diuretics	818	(14)
Overview	818	(1)
Renal Physiology	818	(3)
Alterations in Renal Function	821	(1)
Diuretic Drugs	821	(3)
Principles of Therapy	824	(8)
Drugs That Affect Blood Coagulation	832	(19)
Overview	832	(1)
Hemostasis	833	(1)
Clot Lysis	833	(1)
Thrombotic and Thromboembolic Disorders	833	(2)
Drugs Used in Thrombotic and Thromboembolic Disorders	835	(8)
Principles of Therapy	843	(8)
Drugs for Dyslipidemia	851	(12)
Overview	851	(1)
Atherosclerosis	851	(1)
Blood Lipids	852	(1)
Dyslipidemia	853	(1)
Initial Management of Dyslipidemia	853	(1)
Drug Therapy of Dyslipidemia	854	(3)
Principles of Therapy	857	(6)
SECTION 10 Drugs Affecting the Digestive System	863	(49)
Physiology of the Digestive System	864	(3)
Overview	864	(1)
Organs of the Digestive System	864	(2)
Secretions of the Digestive System	866	(1)
Effects of Drugs on the Digestive System	866	(1)
Drugs Used for Peptic Ulcer and Acid Reflux Disorders	867	(16)
Overview	867	(1)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	867	(2)
Types of Drugs	869	(6)
Principles of Therapy	875	(8)
Laxatives and Cathartics	883	(9)
Overview	883	(1)
Defecation	883	(1)
Laxatives and Cathartics	884	(3)
Principles of Therapy	887	(5)
Antidiarrheals	892	(10)
Overview	892	(1)
Antidiarrheal Drugs	893	(4)
Principles of Therapy	897	(5)
Antiemetics	902	(10)
Overview	902	(1)
Antiemetic Drugs	903	(4)
Principles of Therapy	907	(5)
SECTION 11 Drugs Used in Special Conditions	912	(69)
Drugs Used in Oncologic Disorders	913	(22)
Overview	913	(1)
Normal and Malignant Cells	913	(1)
Cancer	914	(2)
Antineoplastic Drugs	916	(3)
Individual Drugs	919	(1)
Cytoprotectant Drugs	919	(1)
Principles of Therapy	920	(15)
Drugs Used in Ophthalmic Conditions	935	(14)
Overview	935	(1)
Disorders of the Eye	936	(1)
Types of Ophthalmic Drugs	937	(1)
Ophthalmic Drug Therapy	937	(1)
Individual Drugs	937	(1)
Principles of Therapy	938	(11)
Drugs Used in Dermatologic Conditions	949	(16)
Overview	949	(1)
Disorders of the Skin	950	(2)
Types of Dermatologic Drugs	952	(1)
Individual Drugs	953	(4)
Principles of Therapy	957	(8)
Drug Use During Pregnancy and Lactation	965	(16)
Overview	965	(1)
Pregnancy and Lactation	965	(1)
Maternal-Placental-Fetal Circulation	966	(1)
Drug Effects on the Fetus	966	(4)
Fetal Therapeutics	970	(1)
Maternal Therapeutics	970	(3)
Abortifacients	973	(1)
Tocolytics	973	(1)
Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery at Term	974	(1)
Neonatal Therapeutics	975	(1)
Principles of Therapy	976	(5)
Appendix A Recently Approved and Miscellaneous Drugs	981	(2)
Appendix B The International System of Units	983	(1)
Appendix C Therapeutic Serum Drug Concentrations for Selected Drugs	984	(1)
Appendix D Canadian Drug Laws and Standards	985	(1)
Appendix E Canadian Drug Names	986	(9)
Index	995