Clinical Neurology

by Hankey, Graeme J.

• ISBN13: 9781888799675
• ISBN10: 1888799676
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-05-01
• Publisher: Springer Pub Co

Summary

Univ. of Western Australia, Perth. Concise and comprehensive volume provides a practical and patient-centered approach to clinical neurology. Integrates presentation, pathology, radiology, diagnosis, and management. More than 800 illustrations are included. Bulleted-outline format.

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. 6
Preface	p. 7
Abbreviations	p. 8
Neurologic Diagnosis	p. 11
The Neurologic History	p. 11
Neurologic Examination	p. 13
Imaging the Brain	p. 23
Imaging the Cerebral Circulation	p. 26
Imaging the Spine	p. 29
Lumbar Puncture (LP) and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Examination	p. 31
Electroencephalography (EEG)	p. 33
Nerve Conduction Studies	p. 35
Electromyography (EMG)	p. 38
Evoked Potentials	p. 40
Further Reading	p. 43
Disorders of Consciousness	p. 44
Coma	p. 44
Brain Death	p. 51
Permanent Vegetative State (PVS)	p. 52
Locked-in Syndrome	p. 55
Narcolepsy	p. 56
Syncope	p. 59
Further Reading	p. 64
Epilepsy	p. 65
Epilepsy	p. 65
Status Epilepticus (SE)	p. 82
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) (Janz Syndrome)	p. 86
Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsies (PME)	p. 87
Further Reading	p. 90
Headache	p. 91
Headache	p. 91
Migraine	p. 95
Muscle Contraction/Tension-type Headache	p. 101
Cluster Headache (Migrainous Neuralgia)	p. 103
Further Reading	p. 106
Vertigo	p. 107
Vertigo	p. 107
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo	p. 110
Vestibular Neuronitis	p. 111
Meniere's Disease	p. 111
Further Reading	p. 112
Movement Disorders	p. 113
Dystonia	p. 113
Essential Tremor	p. 119
Chorea	p. 122
Myoclonus	p. 124
Dyskinesias	p. 129
Tourette Syndrome	p. 130
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome	p. 133
Further Reading	p. 135
Developmental Diseases of the Nervous System	p. 136
Arnold-Chiari Malformation	p. 136
Rachischisis (Dysraphism)	p. 139
Tuberous Sclerosis	p. 143
Neurofibromatosis	p. 147
Sturge-Weber Disease (Encephalotrigeminal Vascular Syndrome)	p. 151
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) (Osler-Rendu-Weber Syndrome)	p. 153
Further Reading	p. 156
Inherited Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System of Adult Onset	p. 157
Wilson's Disease (WD) (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	p. 157
Hallervorden-Spatz Disease	p. 162
Mitochondrial (Oxidative Phosphorylation) Diseases	p. 162
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD)	p. 166
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (MLD)	p. 169
Adult-onset Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (Krabbe Disease)	p. 171
Late-onset G[subscript M2] Gangliosidosis	p. 172
Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NP-C)	p. 174
Further Reading	p. 176
Traumatic Diseases of the Nervous System	p. 177
Subdural Hematoma	p. 177
Further Reading	p. 180
Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System	p. 181
Neurovascular Syndromes	p. 181
Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) of the Brain and Eye	p. 186
Stroke	p. 192
Atherosclerotic Ischemic Stroke	p. 202
Cardioembolic Stroke	p. 209
Infective Endocarditis	p. 215
Antiphospholipid Syndrome and other Prothrombotic States (Thrombophilias)	p. 218
Dissection of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries	p. 224
Central Nervous System Vasculitis	p. 227
Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)	p. 234
Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage (PICH)	p. 238
Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)	p. 245
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)	p. 249
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis	p. 257
Vascular Dementia	p. 261
Hypertensive Encephalopathy	p. 265
Pituitary Apoplexy	p. 268
Further Reading	p. 269
Infections of the Nervous System	p. 273
Bacterial Infections
Acute Pyogenic (Bacterial) Meningitis	p. 273
Subacute and Chronic Meningitis and/or Encephalitis	p. 279
Tuberculous Meningo-encephalitis	p. 281
Intracranial Abscess (Brain Abscess and Subdural Empyema)	p. 284
Tetanus	p. 287
Whipple's Disease	p. 289
Viral Infections
Acute Aseptic Meningitis	p. 291
Viral Encephalitis	p. 292
Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (HSE)	p. 295
Varicella-Zoster Virus Encephalomyelitis	p. 299
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Associated Cognitive Motor Complex (HIV-CMC)	p. 301
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)	p. 304
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)	p. 307
Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis)	p. 309
Other Infections
Neurosyphilis	p. 312
Lyme Disease (Neuroborreliosis)	p. 316
Cryptococcal Meningitis	p. 318
Mucormycosis of the Nervous System	p. 321
Toxoplasmic Encephalitis	p. 323
Cysticercosis	p. 326
Creutzfeldt--Jakob Disease (CJD)	p. 330
Further Reading	p. 335
Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System	p. 337
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (Post Infectious Encephalomyelitis) (ADEM)	p. 337
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)	p. 340
Neurosarcoidosis	p. 350
Cavernous Sinus Syndrome	p. 354
Further Reading	p. 356
Tumors of the Central Nervous System	p. 357
Brain Tumors	p. 357
Gliomas	p. 364
Optic Nerve Glioma	p. 372
Meningioma	p. 374
Craniopharyngioma	p. 377
Pituitary Tumors	p. 379
Acoustic Neuroma	p. 383
Primary CNS Lymphoma	p. 385
Germ Cell Tumors of the CNS	p. 388
von Hippel--Lindau Disease (VHL)	p. 392
Metastases to the CNS	p. 396
Paraneoplastic Syndromes	p. 401
Further Reading	p. 406
Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System	p. 407
Alzheimer's Disease (AD)	p. 407
Frontotemporal Dementia Associated with Mutation in Tau (Pick's Disease, Lobar Atrophy)	p. 414
Huntington's Disease (HD)	p. 417
Parkinson's Disease (PD)	p. 420
Diffuse Lewy Body Disease (DLBD)	p. 430
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)	p. 432
Multiple Systems Atrophy	p. 435
Autosomal Dominant Cerebellar Ataxias	p. 437
Friedreich's Ataxia	p. 441
Ataxia Telangiectasia (Louis--Bar Syndrome)	p. 444
Further Reading	p. 447
Acquired Metabolic Diseases of the Nervous System	p. 449
Hypoxic Encephalopathy	p. 449
Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)	p. 452
Central Pontine Myelinolysis	p. 457
Further Reading	p. 459
Nutritional Deficiency and the Nervous System	p. 460
Wernicke--Korsakoff Syndrome	p. 460
Vitamin B[subscript 12] Deficiency	p. 463
Further Reading	p. 467
Disorders of the CSF Circulation	p. 468
Hydrocephalus	p. 468
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus	p. 473
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH) (Benign Intracranial Hypertension, Pseudotumor Cerebri)	p. 477
Further Reading	p. 480
Cranial Neuropathies	p. 481
Olfactory (Ist Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 481
Optic (IInd Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 483
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION)	p. 487
Optic Neuritis	p. 489
Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON)	p. 491
Papilledema	p. 492
Horner's Syndrome	p. 494
Holmes--Adie Syndrome	p. 497
IIIrd, IVth, and VIth Cranial Nerve (Ocular Motor) Neuropathies	p. 499
Trigeminal (Vth Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 505
Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic Douloureux, Paroxysmal Facial Pain)	p. 509
Facial (VIIth Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 511
Acute Idiopathic Facial Paralysis (Bell's Palsy)	p. 515
Vestibular-cochlear (VIIIth Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 517
IXth Cranial Nerve (Glossopharyngeal) Neuropathy	p. 520
Vagus (Xth Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 523
Spinal Accessory (XIth Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 525
Hypoglossal (XIIth Cranial Nerve) Neuropathy	p. 526
Further Reading	p. 528
Spinal Cord Diseases	p. 529
Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis	p. 529
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	p. 532
Motor Neuron Diseases (MND)	p. 534
Syringomyelia	p. 541
Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and Radiculopathy	p. 545
Acute 'Slipped Disc'	p. 550
Spinal Epidural Hematoma	p. 554
Spinal Epidural Abscess	p. 555
Spinal Arachnoiditis	p. 557
Spinal Cord Infarction	p. 558
Acute Transverse Myelitis	p. 561
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Myelopathy	p. 564
Radiation-induced Encephalo-myelo-radiculopathy	p. 565
Spinal Cord Tumors	p. 567
Further Reading	p. 572
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders	p. 573
Autonomic Neuropathy	p. 573
Further Reading	p. 578
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve	p. 579
Peripheral Neuropathy	p. 579
Hereditary Neuropathies	p. 584
Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy (Charcot--Marie--Tooth Disease)	p. 585
Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies (HNPP)	p. 587
Guillain--Barre Syndrome (GBS) (Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy [AIDP])	p. 588
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)	p. 593
Neuralgic Amyotrophy	p. 595
Vasculitic Neuropathy	p. 597
Herpes Zoster Infection	p. 599
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Neuropathy	p. 601
Leprosy	p. 604
Paraproteinemic Polyneuropathies	p. 606
Diabetic Neuropathy	p. 610
Further Reading	p. 613
Mononeuropathies	p. 615
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (to Rhomboids) Neuropathy	p. 615
Long Thoracic Neuropathy	p. 616
Suprascapular Neuropathy	p. 618
Axillary Neuropathy	p. 620
Musculocutaneous Neuropathy	p. 621
Radial Neuropathy	p. 623
Median Neuropathy	p. 627
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)	p. 630
Ulnar Neuropathy	p. 632
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh Neuropathy	p. 637
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh Neuropathy	p. 639
Femoral Neuropathy	p. 640
Obturator Neuropathy	p. 642
Gluteal Neuropathy	p. 643
Sciatic Neuropathy	p. 644
Tibial Neuropathy	p. 647
Peroneal Neuropathy	p. 650
Sural Neuropathy	p. 654
Pudendal Neuropathy	p. 655
Further Reading	p. 656
Neuromuscular Junction Disorders	p. 657
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)	p. 657
Lambert--Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS)	p. 664
Further Reading	p. 667
Muscle Disorders	p. 668
X-lined Dystrophinopathies	p. 668
Facio-scapulo-humeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD)	p. 672
Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMD)	p. 674
Myotonic Dystrophy	p. 678
Polymyositis	p. 681
Dermatomyositis	p. 684
Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM)	p. 687
Metabolic and Endocrine Myopathies	p. 688
Hypokalemic Paralysis	p. 693
Further Reading	p. 695
Index	p. 696
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