Cmmi: Guidelines for Process Integration and Product Improvement

by Chrissis, Mary Beth; Konrad, Mike; Shrum, Sandy

• ISBN13: 9780321154965
• ISBN10: 0321154967
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-01-01
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional

Summary

The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a framework widely used to assess an organization's processes in carrying out specific activities, to guide the implemention of improvements, and to measure progress. There currently are CMM frameworks for software (documented in our CMM book), systems, acquisition, and human resources. The new Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is an attempt by the Department of Defense and a consortium of companies to integrate the CMMs, which often differ in significant ways, into a single coherent model. The CMMI includes two representations -- a staged representation (where organizations can rise from one level to another) and a continuous representation (where there are steady improvements). The market will decide which representation is preferable; this book covers them both with practical examples that allow readers to assess their level of maturity, and most importantly, improve it!

Table of Contents

Preface.

Purpose of This Book.
Audience.
Organization of This Book.
How to Use This Book.

Readers New to Process Improvement.
Readers Experienced with Process Improvement.
Readers Familiar with CMMI.

Additional Information and Reader Feedback.
Acknowledgments.

I. ABOUT CMMI.

1. Introduction.

About Capability Maturity Models.
Evolution of CMMI.
Coverage of the Bodies of Knowledge.

Systems Engineering.
Software Engineering.
Integrated Product and Process Development.
Supplier Sourcing.

Selecting Disciplines.

Process Areas for Systems Engineering.
Process Areas for Software Engineering.
Process Areas for Integrated Product and Process Development.
Process Areas for Supplier Sourcing.
Multiple Disciplines.
A Conclusion.

Resolving Different Approaches of CMMs.
Choosing a Representation.

Continuous Representation.
Staged Representation.
Comparison of the Continuous and Staged Representations.
Factors in Your Decision.
Why Not Both Representations?

Choosing Your Approach to Process Improvement.

Scenario 1.
Scenario 2.

The Advantages of CMMI.

2. Process Area Components.

Required, Expected, and Informative Components.

Required Components.
Expected Components.
Informative Components.

Components Associated with Part Two.

Process Areas.
Purpose Statements.
Introductory Notes.
Related Process Areas.
Specific Goals.
Generic Goals.
Practice-to-Goal Relationship Tables.
Specific Practices.
Typical Work Products.
Subpractices.
Generic Practices.
Generic Practice Elaborations.

Supporting Informative Components.

Notes.
Examples.
Discipline Amplifications.
References.

Numbering Scheme.
Typographical Conventions.

Representation-Specific Content.
Discipline-Specific Content.

3. Process Institutionalization.

Overview.
Process Institutionalization.

Performed Process.
Managed Process.
Defined Process.
Quantitatively Managed Process.
Optimizing Process.
Relationships among Processes.

Generic Goals and Generic Practices.

GG 1 Achieve Specific Goals.
GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process.
GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process.
GG 4 Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed Process
GG 5 Institutionalize an Optimizing Process.

Applying Generic Practices.
Process Areas That Support Generic Practices.

4. Relationships among Process Areas.

Four Categories of CMMI Process Areas.
Process Management.

Fundamental Process Management Process Areas.
Progressive Process Management Process Areas.

Project Management.

Fundamental Project Management Process Areas.
Progressive Project Management Process Areas.

Engineering.

Engineering Process Areas and Recursion.

Support.

Fundamental Support Process Areas.
Progressive Support Process Areas.

5. Tying It All Together.

Understanding Levels.
Structures of the Continuous and Staged Representations.
Understanding Capability Levels.

Capability Level 0: Incomplete.
Capability Level 1: Performed.
Capability Level 2: Managed.
Capability Level 3: Defined.
Capability Level 4: Quantitatively Managed.
Capability Level 5: Optimizing.
Advancing through Capability Levels.

Understanding Maturity Levels.

Maturity Level 1: Initial.
Maturity Level 2: Managed.
Maturity Level 3: Defined.
Maturity Level 4: Quantitatively Managed.
Maturity Level 5: Optimizing.
Advancing through Maturity Levels.

Process Areas.
Specific Practices.

Base and Advanced Practices.

Generic Goals and Practices.

Common Features.

Representation Comparison.
Equivalent Staging.

6. Using CMMI Models.

Interpreting CMMI Models.
Appraisals and Benchmarking.

Appraisal Requirements for CMMI.
ISO/IEC 15504 Compatibility and Conformance.

Adopting CMMI.

Organizations with Experience.
Organizations New to Process Improvement.
CMMI Model Training.

Model Tailoring.

Tailoring Constraints for Process Improvement.
Tailoring Constraints for Benchmarking.
Planning Tailoring for Benchmarking.

Appraisal Considerations.

7. CMMI Case Study: United Space Alliance, LLC.

Background.

USA Mission and Vision.
Deploying Company Goals.
Process Ownership.

CMMI Case Study Activity.
The Initiating Phase.
Project Selection.

Primary Avionics Software System Project Background.
Cockpit Avionics Upgrade Project Background.

CMMI Model Selection and Scope.
CMMI Training.
CMMI Supplemental Resources.
The Diagnosing Phase.

Collecting Information.
Recording Observations.

CMMI Model Results.
Engineering Process Areas.

Requirements Management and Requirements Development.
Technical Solution.
Product Integration.
Verification and Validation.

Project Management Process Areas.

Project Planning.
Project Monitoring and Control.
Integrated Project Management.
Supplier Agreement Management.
Risk Management.
Quantitative Project Management.

Process Management Process Areas.

Organizational Process Focus and Organizational Process Definition.
Organizational Training.
Organizational Process Performance.
Organizational Innovation and Deployment.

Support Process Areas.

Configuration Management.
Process and Product Quality Assurance.
Measurement and Analysis.
Decision Analysis and Resolution.
Causal Analysis and Resolution.

Lessons Learned.
Interpretation Issues.
Next Steps.

II. THE PROCESS AREAS.

Causal Analysis and Resolution.
Configuration Management.
Decision Analysis and Resolution.
Integrated Project Management.
Integrated Supplier Management.
Integrated Teaming.
Measurement and Analysis.
Organizational Environment for Integration.
Organizational Innovation and Deployment.
Organizational Process Definition.
Organizational Process Focus.
Organizational Process Performance.
Organizational Training.
Product Integration.
Project Monitoring and Control.
Project Planning.
Process and Product Quality Assurance.
Quantitative Project Management.
Requirements Development.
Requirements Management.
Risk Management.
Supplier Agreement Management.
Technical Solution.
Validation.
Verification.

III. THE APPENDICES AND GLOSSARY.

Appendix A. References.

Publicly Available Sources.
Regularly Updated Sources.

Appendix B. Acronyms.
Appendix C. CMMI Project Participants.

Product Team.
Sponsors.
Steering Group.
Configuration Control Board.
Stakeholders/Reviewers.

Glossary.
Index. 0321154967T01292003

Excerpts

CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) consists of best practices that address the development and maintenance of products and services covering the product life cycle from conception through delivery and maintenance. A product can be an airplane, a digital camera, a video game component, an automated teller machine, a missile guidance system, or a software package available from a commercial retailer. It can also be a service such as delivering a training class, technical support for a software product, long-distance telephone service, data-processing services, and online banking. CMMI integrates bodies of knowledge that are essential when developing products, but that have been addressed separately in the past, such as software engineering, systems engineering, and acquisition. By integrating these bodies of knowledge, CMMI provides a comprehensive solution for development and maintenance of products and services. Purpose of This Book This book is an extension of the CMMI Framework,1 which generated the full set of CMMI models released by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) in January 2002. To use a CMMI model released by the SEI, you must choose from among the multiple models available based on your improvement needs. Therefore, to use the CMMI models published by the SEI, you need to know the content of each model and the area that you want to improve. Unfortunately for many users, selecting a model from the SEI Web site appears difficult because they must make the up-front decision about which bodies of knowledge they want to address in their organizations and the approach they want to take to their process improvement efforts. To facilitate CMMI use, this book provides a single source for all CMMI model information--a functional equivalent of the CMMI Framework. You do not have to select a particular model to get started--all of your choices are compiled here into one book. The book describes what is common across all CMMI models as well as what is different. It describes the basic concepts and the ways processes evolve as your organization improves. It will help you to understand the content of each CMMI model and to decide how CMMI can best address your needs. Audience The audience for this book includes anyone interested in process improvement--whether you are familiar with the concept of Capability Maturity Models or whether you are seeking information to get started on your improvement efforts. It is intended for people who want an appraisal2 to see where they are, those who already know what they want to improve, and those who are just getting started and want to develop a general understanding of CMMI. This book is a must-have for process appraisal teams; members of process improvement groups; product development managers; product developers and maintainers, including software and systems engineers; and project management, computer science, and engineering educators. Organization of This Book This book maintains the integrity of the CMMI v1.1 models available on the SEI's Web site and serves as a guide for improvement of organizational processes. It is organized into three main parts: Part One--About CMMI Part Two--The Process Areas Part Three--The Appendices and Glossary In writing this book, we enhanced and supplemented the original SEI materials. These improvements appear in Part One. Given the nature of the material in Part Two, we made only minor changes and added markings to identify and classify the content. In the glossary in Part Three, we've compiled a practical resource for understanding the "language" of CMMI. Part One, "About CMMI," consists of seven chapters: Chapter 1, "Introduction," offers a broad view of CMMI. It introduces you to the concepts of process improvement and describes the benefits of CMMI, the history of models used for pro