Cocaine : Effects on the Developing Brain

by Harvey, John A.; Kosofsky, Barry E.

• ISBN13: 9780801864322
• ISBN10: 0801864321
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: Johns Hopkins Univ Pr

Summary

A "second generation" of medical and scientific studies has significantly advanced our knowledge of the postnatal consequences of fetal exposure to cocaine. Experiments involving both animals and humans have yielded a striking convergence of findings, indicating that higher levels of cocaine exposure alters programs for brain development in ways that may be associated with lasting changes in brain structure, neuronal function, and behavior. The "crack baby syndrome," in other words, is real, but the effects are more subtle than was previously thought. In Cocaine: Effects on the Developing Brain John A. Harvey and Barry E. Kosofsky bring together a distinguished group of authorities to present a summary of these new findings. While stressing that no single factor independently determines a particular behavioral outcome, the authors present evidence that indicates a clear association of prenatal cocaine exposure with abnormalities ranging from such measurable physical attributes as decreased head size to more subtle behavioral deficits such as modulating attention, impulsivity, and responsiveness. At a time when studies indicate that as many as 221,000 women use an illicit drug at least once during pregnancy, the authors set as a high priority ways of identifying which children and infants are at risk and what kinds of interventions are appropriate. General topics include maternal-fetal effects; postnatal effects; developmental mechanisms; functional deficits; longitudinal studies in humans; and public policy.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
John A. Harvey
Barry E. Kosofsky
Introduction	xiii
John A. Harvey
Barry E. Kosofsky
Foreword	xv
Alan I. Leshner
Keynote Address	xix
Floyd E. Bloom
Part 1. Maternal-Fetal Effects
Maternal and Transplacental Effects of Cocaine	1	(11)
James R. Woods, Jr.
Effects of Prenatal Cocaine on Hearing, Vision, Growth, and Behavior	12	(17)
Michael W. Church
William J. Crossland
Pamela A. Holmes
George W. Overbeck
Jacqueline P. Tilak
The Effects of Prental Protein Malnutrition and Cocaine on the Development of the Rat	29	(11)
J. R. Galler
J. Tonkiss
Neonatal Neurobehavioral and Neuroanatomic Correlates of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure. Problems of Dose and Confounding	40	(11)
Deborah A. Frank
Marilyn Augustyn
Barry S. Zuckerman
Selective Direct Toxicity of Cocaine on Fetal Mouse Neurons. Teratogenic Implications of Neurite and Apoptotic Neuronal Loss	51	(25)
Marie-Cecile Nassogne
Philippe Evrard
Pierre J. Courtoy
Drug Interactions in Cocaine Abuse: Methodologic Concerns in Human and Animal Studies	69	(7)
Steven E. Hyman
Barry Zuckerman
Part 2. Postnatal Effects: Neurobehavioral Models
Animal Behavior Models. Increased Sensitivity to Stressors and Other Environmental Experiences after Prenatal Cocaine Exposure	76	(13)
Linda P. Spear
James Campbell
Kristyn Snyder
Marisa Silveri
Nina Katovic
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure: Long-Term Deficits in Learning and Motor Performance	89	(20)
Anthony G. Romano
John A. Harvey
Neurological Correlates of Fetal Cocaine Exposure	109	(17)
Claudia A. Chiriboga
Regulation of Arousal and Attention in Preschool Children Exposed to Cocaine Prenatally	126	(18)
Linda C. Mayes
Christian Grillon
Richard Granger
Richard Schottenfeld
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure. A Longitudinal Study of Development	144	(14)
Gale A. Richardson
Consensus on Postnatal Deficits: Comparability of Human and Animal Findings	153	(5)
Theodore Slotkin
Part 3. Developmental Mechanisms
Role of Neurotrophic Properties of Serotonin in the Delay of Brain Maturation Induced by Cocaine	158	(7)
Patricia M. Whitaker-Azmitia
Changes in the Midbrain-Rostral Forebrain Dopamine Circuitry in the Cocaine-Exposed Primate Fetal Brain	165	(17)
Oline K. Ronnekleiv
Yuan Fang
Wan S. Choi
Lin Chai
Nonhuman Primate Model of the Effect of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Cerebral Cortical Development	182	(12)
Michael S. Lidow
Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine Impairs Neuronal Coding of Attention and Discriminative Learning	194	(28)
Michael Gabriel
Carrie Taylor
Specificity of Developmental Effects in the CNS	213	(9)
Donna M. Ferriero
Part 4. Functional Deficits
Neural Systems Underlying Arousal and Attention. Implications for Drug Abuse	222	(16)
T. W. Robbins
S. Granon
J. L. Muir
F. Durantou
A. Harrison
B. J. Everitt
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Alters Signal Transduction in the Brain D1 Dopamine Receptor System	238	(10)
Eitan Friedman
Hoau-Yan Wang
A Mouse Model of Transplacental Cocaine Exposure. Clinical Implications for Exposed Infants and Children	248	(14)
Barry E. Kosofsky
Aaron S. Wilkins
State Control in the Substance-Exposed Fetus. I. The Fetal Neurobehavioral Profile: An Assessment of Fetal State, Arousal, and Regulation Competency	262	(15)
Jeannine L. Gingras
Karen J. O'Donnell
Prenatal Coke: What's Behind the Smoke? Prenatal Cocaine/Alcohol Exposure and School-Age Outcomes: The SCHOO-BE Experience	277	(19)
Virginia Delaney-Black
Chandice Covington
Tom Templin
Joel Ager
Sue Martier
Scott Compton
Robert Sokol
Levels of Vulnerabiality in Functional Deficits: Sepcificity of Dysfunctional Brain Systems	289	(7)
E. Hazel Murphy
Part 5. Longitudinal Studies in Humans/Public Policy
The Maternal Lifestyles Study	296	(10)
Barry M. Lester
Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Risks in Children Exposed in Utero to Cocaine. The Toronto Adoption Study	306	(8)
Gideon Koren
Irena Nulman
Joanne Rovet
Rachel Greenbaum
Michal Loebstein
Tom Einarson
Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine and Other Drugs. Outcome at Four to Six Years	314	(15)
Ira J. Chasnoff
Amy Anson
Roger Hatcher
Herb Stenson
Kai Iaukea
Linda A. Randolph
Prevention and Treatment Issues for Pregnant Cocaine-Dependent Women and Their Infants	329	(6)
Karol Kaltenbach
Loretta Finnegan
Policies towards Pregnancy and Addiction. Sticks without Carrots	335	(20)
Wendy Chavkin
Paul H. Wise
Deborah Elman
Nature-Nurture Issues	341	(7)
Joseph Coyle
Where Do We Go from Here and How Do We Get There?	348	(7)
Alan I. Leshner
Part 6. Poster Papers
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Produces Long-Term Impairments in Brain Serotonin Function in Rat Offspring	355	(3)
George Battaglia
Theresa M. Cabrera-Vera
Louis D. Van de Kar
Francisca Garcia
Aleksandra Vicentic
Wilfred Pinto
Maternal Lifestyles Study (MLS). Caretaking Environment and Stability of Substance-Exposed Infants at One Month Corrected Age	358	(4)
Penelope L. Maza
Linda L. Wright
Charles R. Bauer
Seetha Shankaran
Henrietta S. Bada
Barry Lester
Heidi Krause-Steinrauf
Vincent L. Smeriglio
Ann Bowler
Vasilis Katsikiotis
Sequential Neuromotor Examination of Children with Intrauterine Drug Exposure	362	(3)
Harolyn M. E. Belcher
Bruce K. Shapiro
Mary Leppert
Arlene M. Butz
Sherry Sellers
Ellen Arch
Ken Kolodner
Margaret Pulsifer
Kate Lears
Walter E. Kaufmann
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Impulse Control at Two Years	365	(3)
Margaret Bendersky
Michael Lewis
Cocaine-Induced Activation of c-fos Gene Expression Is Attenuated in Prenatal Cocaine-Exposed Rabbits	368	(3)
Nanda Tilakaratne
Guoping Cai
Eitan Friedman
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Does Not Affect Selected GABAA Receptor Subunit mRNA Expression in Rabbit Visual Cortex	371	(4)
Jed S. Shumsky
Yunxing Wu
E. Hazel Murphy
Jonathan Nissanov
Dennis R. Grayson
Prenatal Exposure to Cocaine Reduces Dopaminergic Dl-Mediated Motor Function but Spares the Enhancement of Learning by Amphetamine in Rabbits	375	(4)
K. J. Simansky
G. Baker
W. J. Kachelries
H. Hood
A. G. Romano
J. A. Harvey
Neonatal Respiratory Control in the Rat after Prenatal Cocaine Exposure	379	(3)
A. N. Davies
C. E. Sullivan
P. D. C. Brown-Woodman
Ontogenic Cocaine Effects. Evidence for Multifactorial Mechanisms	382	(4)
Diana Dow-Edwards
Yamit Busidan
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Stimulus-Seeking Behaviors during the First year of Life	386	(5)
Robert L. Freedland
Bernard Z. Karmel
Judith M. Gardner
David J. Lewkowicz
Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment and Bayley I and II Scores of CNS-Injured and Cocaine-Exposed Infants	391	(5)
Bernard Z. Karmel
Judith M. Gardner
Robert L. Freedland
Perinatal Outcome after Cocaine ± Polydrug Exposure	396	(3)
O Greene
A. Varghese
F. Tuamokumo
W. K. Ashe
P. Ting
Chronic Cocaine Treatment Alters Social/Aggressive Behavior in Sprague-Dawley Rat Dams and in Their Prenatally Exposed Offspring	399	(6)
J. M. Johns
L. R. Noonan
L. I. Zimmerman
B. A. McMillen
L. W. Means
C. H. Walker
D. A. Lubin
K. E. Meter
C. J. Nelson
C. A. Pedersen
G. A. Mason
J. M. Lauder
Effects of in Utero Exposure to Cocaine and/or Opiates on Infants' Reaching Behavior	405	(3)
L. L. LaGasse
R. F. Van Vorst
S. M. Brunner
B. M. Lester
Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Responsiveness to Multimodal Information in Infants between 4 and 10 Months of Age	408	(4)
David J. Lewkowicz
Bernard Z. Karmel
Judith M. Gardner
Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on Serotonin and Norepinephrine Transporter Density in the Rat Brain	412	(3)
Alison M. McReynolds
Jerrold S. Meyer
Sources of Heart Rate Variation during Sleep in Cocaine-Exposed Neonates	415	(4)
Michael G. Regalado
Vicki L. Schechtman
Michael C. K. Khoo
John Shin
Xylina D. Bean
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure Increase Susceptibility to Drug-Induced Seizures. C-fos Induction and Brain Cocaine Levels	419	(4)
Abigail Snyder-Keller
Richard W. Keller, Jr.
Mortality in Neonatal Rats Is Increased by Moderate Prenatal Exposure to Some Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors. A Brief Review	423	(4)
Steven Sparenborg
Cocaine-Inhibited Neuronal Differentiation in NGF-Induced PC12 Cells and Altered C-fos Expression Are Reversed by C-fos Antisense Oligonucleotide	427	(4)
Ditza A. Zachor
John F. Moore
Anne B. Theibert
Alan K. Percy
Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems' Signs Associated with in Utero Exposure to Cocaine/Opiates	431	(4)
Henrietta S. Bada
Charles R. Bauer
Seetha Shankaran
Barry Lester
Linda L. Wright
Joel Verter
Vincent L. Smeriglio
Loretta P. Finnegan
Penelope L. Maza
Index of Contributors	435