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Preface xv
1 An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology 1
Chapter Introduction 1
What is Cognitive Psychology? 2
Historical Perspective on the Field 4
Mind Brain and Behavior 9
Textbook Overview 15
Section Summary Points 21
Chapter Review Questions 21
Keywords 22
Recommended Readings 22
Answer to Demonstration 1.4 22
2 Visual and Auditory Recognition 23
Chapter Introduction 23
Overview of Visual Object Recognition 24
Top-Down Processing and Visual Object Recognition 30
Specialized Visual Recognition Processes 36
Speech Perception 39
Section Summary Points 43
Chapter Review Questions 44
Keywords 45
Recommended Readings 45
3 Attention and Consciousness 46
Chapter Introduction 46
Overview of Attention 47
Eye Movements in Reading 53
Neuroscience of Attention 55
Theories of Attention 57
Consciousness 59
Section Summary Points 62
Chapter Review Questions 63
Keywords 64
Recommended Readings 64
4 Working Memory 65
Chapter Introduction 65
Classical Research on Short-Term Memory 66
The Turn to Working Memory 71
Applications of Working Memory 80
Section Summary Points 82
Chapter Review Questions 83
Keywords 84
Recommended Readings 84
5 Long-Term Memory 85
Chapter Introduction 85
Overview of Long-Term Memory 86
Encoding in Long-Term Memory 87
Retrieval in Long-Term Memory 92
Autobiographical Memory 95
Special Topics in Long-Term Memory 102
Section Summary Points 109
Chapter Review Questions 110
Keywords 111
Recommended Readings 111
6 Memory Strategies and Metacognition 112
Chapter Introduction 112
Memory Strategies I: Memory Strategies Informed by Memory Concepts 113
Memory Strategies II: Practice and Mnemonics 116
Metamemory 123
Section Summary Points 131
Chapter Review Questions 132
Keywords 132
Recommended Readings 133
Answer to Demonstration 6.4 133
7 Mental Imagery and Cognitive Maps 134
Chapter Introduction 134
Classical Research on Visual Imagery 135
Factors That Influence Visual Imagery 143
Auditory Imagery 146
Cognitive Maps 148
Section Summary Points 155
Chapter Review Questions 156
Keywords 157
Recommended Readings 157
8 General Knowledge 158
Chapter Introduction 158
Background and Approaches to Semantic Memory 159
Network Models of Semantic Memory 167
Schemas and Scripts 172
Section Summary Points 184
Chapter Review Questions 184
Keywords 185
Recommended Readings 185
Answer to Demonstration 8.1 186
9 Language I: Introduction to Language and Language Comprehension 187
Chapter Introduction 187
Overview of Psycholinguistics 188
On-line Sentence Comprehension 192
Brain and Language 198
Reading 203
Discourse Comprehension 207
Section Summary Points 212
Chapter Review Questions 213
Keywords 213
Recommended Readings 213
Answer to Demonstration 9.1 214
10 Language II: Language Production and Bilingualism 215
Chapter Introduction 215
Speaking I: Overview of Production Processes 216
Speaking II: Language Production and Naturalistic Communication 219
Language Production and Writing 225
Bilingualism 227
Proficiency and Second Language Acquisition 231
Section Summary Points 235
Chapter Review Questions 236
Keywords 236
Recommended Readings 237
11 Problem Solving and Creativity 238
Chapter Introduction 238
Understanding the Problem 239
Problem-Solving Strategies 244
Factors That Influence Problem Solving 248
Creativity 255
Section Summary Points 257
Chapter Review Questions 258
Keywords 259
Recommended Readings 259
Answer to Demonstration 11.3 259
Answer to Demonstration 11.5 259
Answer to Demonstration 11.6B 259
Answer to Demonstration 11.7A 260
Answer to Demonstration 11.7B 260
12 Deductive Reasoning and Decision Making 261
Chapter Introduction 261
Deductive Reasoning 262
Decision Making I: Overview of Heuristics 268
Decision Making II: Applications of Decision Making Research 278
Section Summary Points 284
Chapter Review Questions 285
Keywords 286
Recommended Readings 286
Answer to Demonstration 12.1 286
Answer to Demonstration 12.6 286
13 Cognitive Development throughout the Lifespan 287
Chapter Introduction 287
The Lifespan Development of Memory 288
The Lifespan Development of Metamemory 301
The Development of Language 305
Section Summary Points 312
Chapter Review Questions 313
Keywords 313
Recommended Readings 314
Glossary 315
References 333
Index 404
