Cognition

by Benjafield, John G.

• ISBN13: 9780195422863
• ISBN10: 0195422864
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-11-24
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

"What do we know? How do we know it? How do we learn and remember? And what are the different ways of learning and remembering, of knowing, perceiving, and problem-solving?" "Addressing these and other key questions, this new edition of a well-respected text provides a rich historical context for current research in cognitive psychology. Written in an engaging, straightforward style, the third edition of Cognition has been completely revised with hundreds of updates and new references that attest to the growing importance of this area of psychology. More than 100 figures - many new to this edition - illustrate experiments in cognitive research and their results, complementing the author's clear and uncomplicated explanations of even the most difficult concepts."--BOOK JACKET.

Author Biography

John G. Benjafield is an emeritus professor of psychology at Brock University.

Table of Contents

Introduction

What is Cognition?

Approaches to Cognition: An Overview

The Associationist Tradition

The Gestalt Tradition

The Information Processing Tradition

J.J.

Gibson's Theory

Neisser's Adaptation of Gibson

Connectionism: A New Paradigm? What Comes Next?

Attention

James's Description of Attention

The Stroop Task

Attention and Automaticity

Selective Attention and Divided Attention

Attention as a Resource

Lapses of Attention

Attention, Awareness, and Unconscious Processes

Memory Traces and Memory Schemata

Schema Theories of Memory

Bartlett's Remembering

Research Based on Schema Theory

Evaluation of Schema Theory

Scripts

Levels of Processing

Ecological Approaches to Memory

Memory Systems

Tulving and Memory Systems

Semantic Memory

Connectionist Models of Memory

Autobiographical Memory

Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, and Rehabilitation

Imagery and Cognitive Maps

Imagery and Memory

Mental Rotation

Mental Images and Real Pictures

Criticisms of Mental Imagery Research

Cognitive Maps and Mental Models

Concepts

The Classical Approach

Learning Complex Rules

Wittgenstein's Analysis of the Natuer of Concepts

Rosch and Prototypicality

Hintzman's Memory Trace Model

Barsalou and Ad Hoc Categories

Lakoff and Idealized Cognitive Models

Language

The Structure and Development of Language Chomsky and Transformational Grammar

The Innateness Hypothesis

Communication and Comprehension

Vygotsky and the Social Content of Language

Literacy

Language and Culture

Problem Solving

Wertheimer and Productive Thinking

Insight Problems

Duncker, Functional Fixedness, and the Nature of Insight

Does Insight Exist? Rigidity and Mindlessness

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Problem Solving

Reasoning

Syllogistic Reasoning

Wason's Puzzles and the Importance of Falsification

Reasoning and Recursion

Knights and Knaves

Judgment and Choice

Heuristics and Cognitive Biases

Intuitive Statistics

Magical Thinking

Meaningful Coincidences

Positivity Bias

Intelligence and Creativity

Intelligence

Sternberg's Theory of Intelligence

Gardner and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Expertise

Creativity

Personal Cognition

Cognition and Emotion

Thinking about Persons

Cognition and the Self

Applied Cognitive Psychology

Ergonomics

Affordances

Instructions

The Design of the User Interface

Designing Training

Electronic Books Using Text with Computers

Design, Invention, and Practical Intelligence

The Ethnographic Method and Applied Cognitive Psychology

Bibliography

Name Index

Subject Index

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