Comparative Politics Domestic Responses to Global Challenges (with InfoTrac and CD-ROM)

by Hauss, Charles

• ISBN13: 9780534572808
• ISBN10: 0534572804
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-07-15
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Discover the extraordinary diversity of the ever-changing politics of the world when you compare twelve distinctly different countries' political systems using contemporary themes of conflict, democratization, economic liberalization, globalization, and challenges. You'll realize just how politics around the globe have implications for all of us.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	iv
List of Figures	vi
Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xviii
PART 1 INTRODUCTION
Seeking New Lands, Seeing With New Eyes	2	(17)
The Day the World Changed... or Did It?	3	(1)
Three Leaders	4	(3)
The State: One Focus Among Many	7	(3)
Politics and Power	7	(1)
The State	7	(3)
Comparative Politics	10	(1)
Three Templates	11	(4)
The Political System	11	(2)
Historical and Contemporary Factors	13	(2)
State, Society, and Globalization	15	(1)
Five Themes	15	(1)
Using This Book	16	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	17	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	17	(1)
Key Terms	18	(1)
Further Reading	18	(1)
The United States	19	(19)
The Longest Election	20	(1)
Thinking About the United States	21	(1)
The Making of the American State	22	(2)
The Constitutional Order	23	(1)
Trends Since the Time of Founders	24	(1)
The American People and Politics	24	(3)
The American Political Culture	24	(1)
The American People and Politics Today	25	(2)
The Weak American State	27	(5)
The Legislative Process	27	(3)
The Rest of the Weak State	30	(1)
Consensus Policy Making	31	(1)
Public Policy	32	(1)
Feedback	33	(1)
Conclusion: The Bottom Line	33	(2)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	33	(1)
Key Terms	33	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	33	(1)
Further Reading	34	(1)
Exploring with the CD-ROM	35	(3)
PART 2 INDUSTRIALIZED DEMOCRACIES
The Industrialized Democracies	38	(24)
Quel Scandale!	39	(1)
Thinking About Democracy	40	(3)
Key Questions	40	(1)
The Basics	41	(2)
Who the Democracies Are	43	(1)
The Origins of the Democratic State	43	(4)
The Early Democracies	44	(1)
The Late Democracies	45	(2)
Political Culture and Participation	47	(7)
The Civic Culture?	47	(1)
Political Parties and Participation	48	(2)
New Divisions	50	(2)
Realignment?	52	(1)
Interest Groups	53	(1)
Political Protest	53	(1)
The Democratic State	54	(3)
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems	54	(2)
The Broader State	56	(1)
Public Policy	57	(2)
The Interventionist State	57	(1)
Foreign Policy	58	(1)
Feedback	59	(1)
Conclusion: The Worst Form of Government Except for All the Others?	60	(2)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	60	(1)
Key Terms	60	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	61	(1)
Further Reading	61	(1)
Great Britain	62	(32)
The Blair Revolution?	63	(1)
Thinking About Britain	63	(3)
Key Questions	63	(2)
The Basics	65	(1)
The Evolution of the British State	66	(4)
Evolution, Not Revolution	66	(1)
The Broad Sweep of British History	67	(2)
The Collectivist Consensus	69	(1)
British Political Culture	70	(3)
The Civic Culture and the Collectivist Years	70	(1)
The Politics of Protest: Toward an Uncivic Culture?	71	(1)
The Civic Culture Holds	72	(1)
Will There Always Be a Britain?	73	(1)
Political Participation	73	(9)
The Conservatives	74	(2)
Labour	76	(2)
The Liberal Democrats	78	(1)
Minor Parties	79	(1)
The British Electorate	80	(1)
Interest Groups	81	(1)
The British State: Enduring Myths and Changing Realities	82	(5)
The Monarchy and the Lords: Still Dignified?	82	(1)
Parliamentary Sovereignty-Sort Of	83	(2)
Cabinet Government?	85	(1)
The Rest of the State	86	(1)
Labour and Constitutional Reform	87	(1)
Public Policy: The Thatcher and Blair Revolutions	87	(4)
The Retreat from the Commanding Heights	87	(1)
Blair and the Third Way	88	(1)
Europe	89	(2)
Northern Ireland	91	(1)
Feedback	91	(1)
Conclusion: Challenges to Democracy	92	(2)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	92	(1)
Key Terms	92	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	93	(1)
Further Reading	93	(1)
France	94	(37)
Not a Contradiction in Terms	95	(1)
Thinking About France	96	(2)
Key Questions	96	(1)
The Basics	96	(2)
The Evolution of the French State: Centuries of Turmoil	98	(4)
Transformation and Division	98	(1)
Traditional Republican Politics: A Vicious Circle	99	(2)
From the Fourth to the Fifth Republic	101	(1)
French Political Culture: From Alienation to Consensus	102	(4)
Taming Political Protest	103	(2)
New Divisions	105	(1)
Political Participation	106	(7)
Renewing the Party System	106	(4)
Why These Changes Happened: The French Electoral System	110	(1)
Uncertainties at the Dawn of a New Century	111	(1)
Parity: A Victory for Feminism?	111	(1)
Interest Groups	111	(2)
The French State	113	(8)
A New Constitution for a New State	114	(2)
The Integrated Elite	116	(2)
Local Government	118	(1)
The Courts	119	(1)
The Changing Role of the State	120	(1)
Public Policy: The Pursuit of Grandeur	121	(7)
Economic Policy	121	(3)
Foreign Policy	124	(4)
Feedback	128	(1)
Conclusion: A Remarkable Turnaround	128	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	129	(1)
Key Terms	129	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	130	(1)
Further Reading	130	(1)
Germany	131	(34)
A Telling Snapshot	132	(1)
Thinking About Germany	133	(1)
The Basics	133	(1)
Key Questions	133	(1)
Tile Evolution of the German State: The German Questions	134	(8)
Unification and the Kaiser's Reich	135	(1)
Weimar and the Rise of Hitler	136	(2)
The Third Reich	138	(1)
Occupation and the Two Germanies	139	(2)
Building a Democratic Germany	141	(1)
Creating a Democratic Political Culture	142	(3)
Political Participation	145	(7)
Parties and the Electoral Process	145	(1)
The Christian Democrats	146	(2)
The Social Democrats	148	(1)
The Free Democratic Party	149	(1)
The Greens	150	(1)
The Party of Democratic Socialism	150	(1)
The Far Right	151	(1)
Interest Groups	151	(1)
The German State: A Smoothly Functioning Democracy	152	(6)
Chancellor Democracy	152	(1)
The Bundestag	153	(1)
The Bundesrat	154	(1)
The Federal System	154	(1)
The Civil Service	155	(1)
The Constitutional Court	155	(1)
Corporatism	156	(2)
Public Policy: Modell Deutschland	158	(4)
The Social Market Economy	158	(1)
Unification	159	(3)
Feedback	162	(1)
Conclusion: Democratization	162	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	163	(1)
Key Terms	163	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	163	(1)
Further Heading	164	(1)
The European Union	165	(24)
New Money and More	166	(1)
Thinking About the EU	166	(2)
What's in a Name?	166	(1)
Who's in? Who's Out?	167	(1)
Three Pillars	167	(1)
Key Questions	167	(1)
The Evolution of the EU	168	(5)
Not Such a New Idea	168	(3)
Creating the Common Market	171	(2)
Political Culture and Participation in the EU	173	(2)
The European State?	175	(7)
The Commission	175	(1)
The Council	176	(1)
The European Court of Justice	177	(2)
The European Parliament	179	(1)
The Complexity of EU Decision Making	179	(1)
Deepening and Broadening	179	(2)
The EU and National Sovereignty	181	(1)
Public Policy in the EU	182	(4)
The Internal Market	182	(2)
The Common Agricultural Policy	184	(1)
Monetary Union	184	(1)
Political Union	185	(1)
Feedback	186	(1)
Conclusion: A Balance Sheet	186	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	186	(1)
Key Terms	187	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	187	(1)
Further Reading	187	(2)
Japan	189	(41)
Plus a Change, Plus C'est la Meme Chose?	190	(1)
Thinking About Japan	190	(6)
The Basics	190	(3)
Political Continuity?	193	(2)
Key Questions	195	(1)
The Evolution of Japanese Politics	196	(8)
Before the West Arrived	196	(1)
The Meiji Restoration and the Rise of Imperial Japan	197	(5)
Occupation and the Contemporary Japanese State	202	(2)
Political Culture: Groupism Versus Individualism	204	(3)
Political Participation and Elections: The End of the LDP Era?	207	(7)
The LDP: Money Politics, Factionalism, and the Electoral System	207	(4)
The Other Parties	211	(1)
The Traditional Opposition	212	(1)
The New Parties	213	(1)
The Japanese State: The Iron Triangle	214	(5)
Constitutional Basics	214	(1)
The LDP in Power	215	(1)
The Iron Triangle	216	(3)
Public Policy: No Longer Number One?	219	(5)
Economic Policy	219	(4)
Foreign Policy	223	(1)
Feedback	224	(1)
Conclusion: The Need for a Strong Japan	225	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	225	(1)
Key Terms	226	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	226	(1)
Further Reading	226	(2)
Exploring with the CD-ROM	228	(2)
PART 3 THE CRISIS OF COMMUNISM
Current and Former Communist Regimes	230	(23)
The Relevance of ``Postcommunism''	232	(1)
Thinking About the Current and Former Communist Regimes	233	(2)
The Basics	233	(2)
Key Questions	235	(1)
Socialism, Marxism, Leninism	235	(6)
Socialism	236	(1)
Marxism	236	(2)
Marxism-Leninism	238	(1)
Stalinism	239	(1)
Expansion	240	(1)
De-Stalinization	240	(1)
The Marxist-Leninist State	241	(3)
The Party State	241	(1)
The Graying of Communism	242	(2)
The Crisis of Communism: Suicide by Public Policy	244	(4)
Reform: Too Little, Too Late	244	(1)
The Year That Changed the World	245	(2)
The Remnants of the Communist World	247	(1)
Transitions	248	(3)
(Relative) Success: Eastern and Central Europe	249	(1)
Troubled Transitions: The Former Soviet Union	249	(1)
Ethnic Conflict	249	(1)
Reform: What's Left of Marxism?	250	(1)
Feedback	251	(1)
Conclusion: The End of an Era	251	(2)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	251	(1)
Key Terms	252	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	252	(1)
Further Reading	252	(1)
Russia	253	(36)
A Country in Trouble	254	(1)
Thinking About Russia	254	(3)
The Basics	255	(1)
Key Questions	256	(1)
The Evolution of the Russian State	257	(7)
The Broad Sweep of Russian History	257	(1)
The Wrong Revolution	257	(2)
Stalin, Terror, and the Modernization of the Soviet Union	259	(4)
Khrushchev, Brezhnev, and the Politics of Decline	263	(1)
The Soviet State and Its Collapse: The Gorbachev Years	264	(6)
The Party State	265	(1)
Reform	265	(4)
Crisis and Collapse	269	(1)
Birth Pangs	270	(2)
Political Culture and Participation	272	(6)
Political Culture	272	(1)
Political Parties and Elections	273	(5)
The Russian State	278	(5)
The Presidency	279	(1)
The Oligarchs	279	(1)
The Parliament	280	(1)
The Bureaucracy	281	(1)
The Judiciary	281	(1)
The Federation	282	(1)
The Military	283	(1)
The Bottom Line	283	(1)
Public Policy	283	(3)
The Economy	283	(2)
Foreign Policy	285	(1)
Feedback	286	(1)
Conclusion: Half Empty or Half Full	287	(2)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	287	(1)
Key Terms	287	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	288	(1)
Further Reading	288	(1)
China	289	(37)
What Kind of Communist Party?	290	(1)
Thinking About China	291	(2)
The Basics	291	(1)
Key Questions	292	(1)
The Evolution of the Chinese State	293	(10)
The Broad Sweep of Chinese History	293	(1)
A Failed Revolution	294	(1)
China Stands Up	295	(2)
Factionalism	297	(5)
Events Since Mao's Death	302	(1)
Political Culture and Participation	303	(7)
A Blank State? A Cultural Revolution?	303	(3)
Participation from the Top Down	306	(1)
Change in the Countryside	307	(1)
Dissent	307	(3)
The Party State	310	(4)
The Basics	310	(2)
Variations on a Theme	312	(2)
Public Policy: Perestroika Without Glasnost	314	(5)
Economic Reform	314	(4)
Foreign Policy	318	(1)
Feedback	319	(1)
Conclusion: Kadan or Communism?	319	(4)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	321	(1)
Key Terms	321	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	322	(1)
Further Reading	322	(1)
Exploring with the CD-ROM	323	(3)
PART 4 THE THIRD WORLD
The Third World	326	(27)
Coltan and Politics	327	(1)
Thinking About the Third World	328	(6)
Why Study the Third World?	328	(1)
The Basics	329	(4)
Key Questions	333	(1)
The Evolution of Politics in the Third World	334	(2)
Imperialism and Its Legacy	334	(1)
Independence	335	(1)
Postcolonial Problems	336	(1)
Political Culture in the Third World	336	(2)
Identity	336	(1)
Division	337	(1)
A Lack of Legitimacy	338	(1)
Political Participation in the Third World	338	(2)
Weak States	340	(3)
Types of States	340	(2)
States and Power	342	(1)
Public Policy: The Myths and Realities of Development	343	(6)
Import Substitution	344	(1)
Structural Adjustment	345	(1)
The International Financial Institutions	346	(1)
Foreign Aid	347	(1)
Microcredit	348	(1)
Feedback	349	(1)
Conclusion: Democratization	350	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	351	(1)
Key Terms	351	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	352	(1)
Further Reading	352	(1)
India	353	(35)
Who Gives a Dam?	354	(1)
Thinking About India	354	(4)
The Basics	355	(2)
Key Questions	357	(1)
The Evolution of Indian Politics	358	(8)
The Weight of History	358	(1)
British Colonialism	358	(2)
The Struggle for Independence	360	(3)
The New Republic	363	(1)
Centralization and Fragmentation	363	(3)
Coalition Politics	366	(1)
Political Culture	366	(3)
Challenges to Culture and Country	367	(1)
Support for the Regime	367	(1)
The Challenge of Modernization	368	(1)
Political Participation	369	(7)
The End of the Congress System	369	(3)
The BJP	372	(1)
The Other Parties	373	(1)
Interest Groups	374	(2)
The Indian State	376	(2)
The Constitution	376	(1)
Parliament	376	(1)
The Bureaucracy	377	(1)
Federalism	377	(1)
Public Policy	378	(7)
Confronting Communal Violence	379	(3)
Stimulating the Economy	382	(3)
Feedback	385	(1)
Conclusion: Democracy in India and the Third World	386	(2)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	386	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	386	(1)
Key Terms	387	(1)
Further Reading	387	(1)
Iraq	388	(38)
The Axis of Evil	389	(1)
Thinking About Iraq	389	(4)
Why Study Iraq?	389	(1)
The Basics	390	(2)
Key Questions	392	(1)
The Evolution of the Iraqi State	393	(1)
Iraq's Origins	393	(1)
Independent Iraq	394	(1)
Iraqi Political Participation	394	(12)
The Kurdish Question	395	(1)
Shiite versus Sunni	396	(2)
Cultural Pluralism	398	(2)
Parochial Loyalties	400	(1)
Secrecy, Introversion, and the District of Outsiders	400	(2)
The Tradition of Political Violence	402	(1)
The Baath Elite	403	(2)
Minimal Opposition	405	(1)
An Election in Name Only?	406	(1)
The Iraqi State	406	(7)
A Primitive Cult of Personality	406	(1)
The Formal Structure of Government	407	(5)
The Informal Chain of Command: Saddam Hussein and His Kin	412	(1)
Public Policy	413	(9)
The Subordination of Policy to Power	413	(3)
Saddam's Wars: Iraq's Rise and Demise as a Regional Power	416	(6)
Feedback	422	(1)
Conclusion: Saddam Hussein and the Future of Iraq	422	(4)
Info Trac College Edition Sources	424	(1)
Key Terms	424	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	424	(1)
Further Reading	425	(1)
South Africa	426	(36)
A Journey toward Reconciliation	427	(1)
Thinking About South Africa	428	(3)
The Basics	428	(2)
Key Questions	430	(1)
The Apartheid State	431	(8)
The Evolution of the Apartheid State	431	(3)
Political Culture and Participation: Democracy for the Few	434	(2)
The State	436	(1)
Public Policy	437	(2)
The New South Africa	439	(20)
``Tomorrow is Another Country''	439	(1)
The Hurting Stalemate	439	(1)
The Sources of Resistance	440	(2)
The Way It Happened	442	(2)
Negotiations	444	(3)
Political Culture	447	(1)
Political Parties and Elections	448	(4)
The New South African State	452	(1)
Public Policy	453	(6)
Feedback	459	(1)
Conclusion: South Africa in Peril or a Role Model?	459	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	460	(1)
Key Terms	460	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	460	(1)
Further Reading	461	(1)
Mexico	462	(38)
Two Presidents	463	(1)
Thinking About Mexico	463	(3)
The Basics	463	(2)
Key Questions	465	(1)
Big Brother is Watching	465	(1)
The Evolution of Mexican Politics	466	(7)
The Colonial Era	467	(1)
Independence	467	(2)
The Revolution	469	(1)
Institutionalizing the Revolution	469	(1)
Cardenas and His Legacy	470	(1)
An Institutional Revolutionary Party	471	(2)
Political Culture	473	(2)
Political Participation	475	(6)
The PRI and Its Hold on Power	476	(2)
The Other Parties	478	(2)
The People, the PRI, and Civil Society	480	(1)
The Mexican State	481	(5)
The End of an Era?	481	(1)
Nonreelection and Presidential Domination	481	(1)
The Cabinet, the Bureaucracy, and the Judiciary	482	(2)
Congress and the Legislative Process	484	(1)
The Federal System	484	(1)
The Military	485	(1)
Corporatism and Corruption	485	(1)
Public Policy	486	(9)
Debt and Development	486	(5)
U.S.-Mexican Relations	491	(4)
Feedback	495	(1)
Conclusion: Mexico and the Third World	495	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	496	(1)
Key Terms	496	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	496	(1)
Further Reading	497	(1)
Exploring with the CD-ROM	498	(2)
PART 5 CONCLUSION
Danger... and Opportunity	500	(15)
Crisis	501	(1)
Danger	502	(4)
The Growing Cost of Violence and War	502	(1)
Environmental Abuse	503	(2)
The Perilous Global Economy	505	(1)
Gives Without Dignity	506	(1)
The Wheel of Fortune	506	(1)
Constraints on States and Citizens	507	(2)
Opportunity: A Change in the Way We Think	509	(3)
Conclusion: Student and Citizen	512	(3)
InfoTrac College Edition Sources	513	(1)
Key Terms	513	(1)
Critical Thinking Exercises	513	(1)
Further Reading	513	(2)
Glossary	515	(11)
Name Index	526	(4)
Subject Index	530