Computers And Technology In A Changing Society

by Morley,Deborah

• ISBN13: 9780619267674
• ISBN10: 0619267674
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-12-20
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This text provides a concise introduction to computer concepts as well as covering timely societal issues that accompany their use.

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Introduction to Computers and Technology
Overview	3	(1)
Computers in Your Life	4	(1)
Why Learn About Computers?	4	(1)
How Are Computers Used Today?	4	(4)
At Home	4	(1)
In Education	5	(1)
In the Workplace	6	(1)
On the Go	7	(1)
What is a Computer?	8	(1)
Computers Then and Now	9	(2)
Precomputers and Early Computers (Before Approximately 1945)	9	(1)
First-Generation Computers (Approximately 1946--1957)	9	(1)
Second-Generation Computers (Approximately 1958--1963)	10	(1)
Third-Generation Computers (Approximately 1964--1970)	10	(1)
Fourth-Generation Computers (Approximately 1971--present)	11	(1)
Fifth-Generation Computers (Now and the Future)	11	(1)
Hardware	11	(3)
Input Devices	11	(1)
Processing Devices	11	(1)
Output Devices	12	(1)
Storage Devices and Storage Media	12	(1)
Communications Devices	12	(2)
Software	14	(3)
System Software	14	(1)
Application Software	14	(2)
Programming, Markup, and Scripting Languages	16	(1)
Computer Networks and the Internet	17	(2)
Basic Types of Computers	19	(1)
Mobile Devices	20	(1)
Personal Computers	20	(4)
Desktop PCs	20	(2)
Portable PCs	22	(2)
Thin Clients and Internet Appliances	24	(1)
Midrange Servers	24	(1)
Mainframe Computers	25	(1)
Supercomputers	25	(1)
Computers, Technology, and Society	26	(1)
Benefits of a Computer-Oriented Society	27	(1)
Risks of a Computer-Oriented Society	27	(3)
Summary	30	(2)
Key Terms	32	(1)
Self-Quiz	33	(1)
Discussion Question	33	(1)
Balancing Act---New Technology: Benefits Vs. Risks	34	(1)
Projects	35	(4)
A Closer Look at Hardware and Software
Overview	39	(1)
Data, Information, and Data Representation	40	(1)
Data vs. Information	40	(1)
Bits, Bytes, and Coding Systems	40	(1)
Bits	40	(1)
Bytes	40	(1)
Coding Systems	40	(1)
Input Hardware	41	(1)
Keyboards	41	(1)
Pointing Devices	42	(2)
The Mouse	42	(1)
Electronic Pens	42	(2)
Touch Screens and Other Pointing Devices	44	(1)
Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras	44	(3)
Scanners and Readers	44	(3)
Digital Cameras	47	(1)
Other Input Devices	47	(1)
Processing Hardware and Other Hardware Inside the System Unit	48	(1)
The Motherboard	48	(1)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU)	49	(1)
Memory	50	(1)
Output Hardware	51	(1)
Display Devices	51	(1)
Printers	52	(1)
Ink-Jet Printers	52	(1)
Laser Printers	52	(1)
Special Purpose Printers	53	(1)
Other Output Devices	53	(2)
Storage Hardware	55	(1)
Storage System Characteristics	55	(1)
Storage Devices and Storage Media	55	(1)
Magnetic Disks and Optical Discs	55	(1)
Floppy Disks	55	(1)
CDs and DVDs	56	(2)
Read-Only Discs: CD-ROM and DVD-ROM Discs	57	(1)
Recordable Discs: CD-R, DVD-R, and DVD+R Discs	57	(1)
Rewritable Discs: CD-RW, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, and Blue-Laser Discs	58	(1)
Flash Memory Media	58	(1)
Other Removable Media	59	(1)
High-Capacity Removable Disks	59	(1)
Smart Cards	59	(1)
Hard Drives	60	(1)
Remote Storage Systems	61	(1)
Choosing Among Storage Alternatives	61	(1)
Communications Hardware	61	(1)
Software Basics	62	(1)
Starting a Computer: The Boot Process	63	(1)
The User Interface	64	(1)
Starting a Program	64	(1)
What Are Files and Folders?	65	(1)
Common Software Commands	65	(3)
Summary	68	(2)
Key Terms	70	(1)
Self-Quiz	71	(1)
Discussion Question	71	(1)
Balancing Act---Open Source Software: Will it Promote or Hinder Software Development?	72	(1)
Projects	73	(4)
A Quick Tour of Cyberspace
Overview	77	(1)
What are the Internet and the World Wide Web?	78	(1)
The Internet	78	(1)
The World Wide Web	78	(1)
Internet Addresses	79	(2)
IP Addresses and Domain Names	79	(1)
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)	80	(1)
E-Mail Addresses	80	(1)
Pronouncing Internet Addresses	81	(1)
Accessing and Using the Internet and the World Wide Web	81	(1)
Types of Internet Connections	82	(4)
Dial-Up Connections	82	(1)
Direct Connections	83	(3)
Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your PC	86	(1)
Selecting an ISP	86	(1)
Setting Up Your System	87	(1)
Surfing the Web	87	(3)
Using URLs and Hyperlinks	88	(1)
Using Favorites and the History List	89	(1)
Searching the Web	90	(1)
Using E-Mail and Other Types of Online Communications	90	(5)
Sending E-Mail	93	(1)
Retrieving E-Mail	93	(1)
Managing E-Mail	93	(1)
Web-Based E-Mail	93	(1)
Discussion Groups, Chat, Instant Messaging, and More	94	(1)
Beyond Browsing and E-Mail	95	(1)
Online Shopping and Other Types of Online Financial Transactions	95	(4)
Online Shopping	95	(2)
Online Auctions	97	(2)
Online Banking	99	(1)
Online Investing	99	(1)
Online Entertainment	99	(2)
Online Music	99	(1)
Online TV and Videos	100	(1)
Online Gaming	101	(1)
Online Education	101	(3)
Web-Based Training and Distance Learning	102	(1)
Online Testing	103	(1)
Online Writing	103	(1)
Societal Implications of Cyberspace	104	(1)
Security	104	(1)
Privacy	105	(1)
Differences in Online Communications	105	(1)
The Anonymity Factor	106	(1)
Information Integrity	107	(3)
Summary	110	(2)
Key Terms	112	(1)
Self-Quiz	113	(1)
Discussion Question	113	(1)
Balancing Act---Real Self Vs. Virtual Self	114	(1)
Projects	115	(4)
Computers and Security
Overview	119	(1)
Why Be Concerned About Computer Security?	120	(1)
Unauthorized Access and Use, and Computer Sabotage	120	(1)
Hacking	121	(1)
Interception of Communications	122	(1)
Computer Sabotage	122	(5)
Computer Viruses and Other Types of Malware	122	(3)
Denial of Service Attacks	125	(1)
Data or Program Alteration	126	(1)
Protecting Against Unauthorized Access and Use, and Computer Sabotage	127	(8)
Possessed Knowledge Access Systems	127	(1)
Possessed Object Access Systems	128	(1)
Biometric Access Systems	128	(1)
Firewalls and Antivirus Software	129	(2)
E-Mail and File Encryption	131	(3)
Secure Web Servers	134	(1)
Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)	134	(1)
Wi-Fi Security	134	(1)
Online Theft, Fraud, and Other Dot Cons	135	(1)
Theft of Data, Information, and Other Resources	135	(1)
Identity Theft	135	(1)
Online Auction Fraud	136	(1)
Internet Scams, Spoofing, and Phishing	137	(1)
Protecting Against Online Theft, Fraud, and Other Dot Cons	138	(4)
Protecting Against Identity Theft	138	(1)
Protecting Against Online Auction Fraud and Other Dot Cons	139	(1)
Using Digital Signatures and Digital Certificates	140	(2)
Hardware Theft, Damage, and System Failure	142	(1)
Hardware Theft	142	(1)
Hardware Damage	142	(1)
System Failure and Other Disasters	142	(1)
Protecting Against Hardware Theft, Damage, and System Failure	142	(4)
Door and Computer Equipment Locks	142	(1)
Proper Hardware Care	143	(1)
Backups and Disaster Preparedness	144	(2)
Software Piracy and Digital Counterfeiting	146	(1)
Software Piracy	146	(1)
Digital Counterfeiting	146	(1)
Protecting Against Software Piracy and Digital Counterfeiting	147	(1)
Education, Holograms, and Other Antipiracy Tools	147	(1)
Digital Counterfeiting Preventions	147	(1)
Personal Safety Issues	148	(1)
Cyberstalking	148	(1)
Online Pornography	149	(1)
Protecting Against Cyberstalking and Other Personal Safety Concerns	149	(1)
Safety Tips for Adults	149	(1)
Safety Tips for Children	150	(1)
Computer Security Legislation	150	(4)
Summary	154	(2)
Key Terms	156	(1)
Self-Quiz	157	(1)
Discussion Question	157	(1)
Balancing Act---Security Vs. Personal Freedom	158	(1)
Projects	159	(4)
Computers and Privacy
Overview	163	(1)
Why Be Concerned About Privacy?	164	(1)
Web-Browsing and E-Mail Privacy	164	(1)
Cookies	164	(4)
Web Bugs and Spyware	168	(1)
Web Bugs	168	(1)
Spyware	168	(1)
E-Mail Privacy	169	(1)
Protecting Web-Browsing and E-Mail Privacy	170	(3)
Cookie, Spyware, and Web Bug Control	170	(2)
Anonymous Web Browsing	172	(1)
E-Mail Privacy Protection	172	(1)
Databases, Electronic Profiling, Spam, and Other Marketing Activities	173	(1)
Databases and Electronic Profiling	173	(1)
Spam and Other Marketing Activities	174	(2)
Protecting the Privacy of Personal Information	176	(5)
Safeguard Your E-Mail Address	176	(1)
Be Cautious of Revealing Personal Information	177	(1)
Use Filters	178	(2)
Opt Out	180	(1)
Properly Dispose of Hardware	181	(1)
Electronic Surveillance and Monitoring	181	(1)
Computer Monitoring Software	181	(3)
Video Surveillance	184	(2)
Employee Monitoring	186	(1)
Presence Technology	187	(1)
Protecting Personal and Workplace Privacy	188	(1)
The Employer's Responsibilities	189	(1)
The Employee's Responsibilities	189	(1)
Privacy Legislation	189	(5)
Summary	194	(2)
Key Terms	196	(1)
Self-Quiz	197	(1)
Discussion Question	197	(1)
Balancing Act---Personal Privacy Vs. The Government's Right to Know	198	(1)
Projects	199	(4)
Ethics and Intellectual Property Rights
Overview	203	(1)
What are Intellectual Property Rights?	204	(1)
Copyrights	204	(2)
Trademarks	206	(1)
Patents	207	(1)
What are Ethics?	207	(1)
Ethical Use of Copyrighted Material	208	(1)
Software	208	(3)
Commercial Software	209	(1)
Shareware	210	(1)
Freeware	210	(1)
Public Domain Software	210	(1)
Books and Web-Based Articles	211	(1)
Music	212	(1)
Movies	212	(2)
Ethical Use of Resources and Information	214	(1)
School or Company Resources	214	(1)
Employee and Customer Information	215	(1)
Cheating and Falsifying Information	216	(1)
Computer Hoaxes and Digital Manipulation	217	(1)
Computer Hoaxes	217	(1)
Digital Manipulation	218	(1)
Ethical Business Practices and Decision Making	219	(1)
Ethically Questionable Products or Services	219	(1)
Vaporware	220	(1)
Fraudulent Reporting and Other Scandalous Activities	220	(1)
Workplace Monitoring	221	(1)
Cultural Considerations	221	(1)
Related Legislation	222	(4)
Summary	226	(2)
Key Terms	228	(1)
Self-Quiz	229	(1)
Discussion Question	229	(1)
Balancing Act---Government Protection Vs. Government Censorship	230	(1)
Projects	231	(4)
Health, Access, and the Environment
Overview	235	(1)
Staying Healthy at Home and on the Job	236	(1)
Physical Health	236	(4)
What Is Ergonomics?	236	(1)
Workspace Design	236	(3)
Ergonomic Hardware	239	(1)
Good User Habits and Precautions	239	(1)
Emotional Health	240	(5)
Stress of Ever-Changing Technology	241	(1)
Impact of Our 24/7 Society	241	(1)
Information Overload	242	(1)
Burnout	242	(1)
Computer and Internet Addiction	243	(2)
Is There Equal Access to Technology?	245	(1)
The Digital Divide	245	(3)
The U.S. Digital Divide	245	(2)
The Global Digital Divide	247	(1)
Assistive Technology	248	(3)
Assistive Input Devices	248	(1)
Assistive Output Devices	249	(1)
Impact on Web Page Design	250	(1)
Environmental Concerns	251	(1)
Green Computing	252	(2)
Recycling and Disposal of Computing Equipment	254	(4)
Summary	258	(2)
Key Terms	260	(1)
Self-Quiz	261	(1)
Discussion Question	261	(1)
Balancing Act---Internet Access: Luxury or Necessity?	262	(1)
Projects	263	(4)
Emerging Technologies
Overview	267	(1)
The PC of the Future	268	(1)
Emerging Hardware	268	(4)
Emerging Input Devices	268	(1)
Emerging Processing Technologies	269	(1)
Emerging Output Devices	269	(1)
Emerging Storage Devices	270	(1)
Greener Hardware	271	(1)
Nanotechnology	272	(1)
Quantum and Optical Computers	272	(1)
Quantum Computing	273	(1)
Optical Computing	273	(1)
Emerging Internet and Networking Technologies	273	(1)
Improvements to the Internet Infrastructure	274	(1)
Wireless Networking Improvements	274	(1)
Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)	274	(1)
Artificial Intelligence (AI)	275	(1)
What Is Artificial Intelligence?	275	(1)
AI Applications	276	(3)
Intelligent Agents	276	(1)
Expert Systems	277	(1)
Neural Networks	277	(1)
Robotics	277	(2)
Virtual Reality (VR)	279	(1)
What Is Virtual Reality?	279	(1)
VR Applications	279	(1)
Technological Advances in Medicine	280	(1)
Bionics, Electronic Monitoring, and Electronic Implants	280	(1)
Robot-Assisted Surgery and Telemedicine	281	(2)
Technological Advances in the Military	283	(1)
Improvements in Military Equipment	283	(1)
Improved Surveillance Tools	284	(1)
Societal Implications of Emerging Technology	285	(3)
Summary	288	(2)
Key Terms	290	(1)
Self-Quiz	291	(1)
Discussion Question	291	(1)
Balancing Act---Ubiquitous Computing Vs. Big Brother	292	(1)
Projects	293	(4)
Answers to Self-Quiz	297	(1)
Credits	298	(2)
Glossary/Index	300