Concepts and Challenges in Physical Science: Annotated Teacher's Edition

by Bernstein, Leonard; Schachter, Martin; Winkler, Alan; Wolfe, Stanley

• ISBN13: 9780835922470
• ISBN10: 0835922472
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-12-01
• Publisher: Pearson Prentice Hall

Table of Contents

Scientific Methods and Skills	1	(18)
What is physical science?	2	(2)
Career in Physical Science Scientific Illustrator	3	(1)
What are science skills?	4	(2)
People in Science Stephen W. Hawking	5	(1)
What is scientific method?	6	(2)
Activity Controlling Variables	7	(1)
How are length and area measured?	8	(2)
Science Connection National Institutes of Standards and Technology	9	(1)
How are mass and weight measured?	10	(2)
Looking Back in Science Weight Measurements of the Past	11	(1)
How is volume measured?	12	(2)
Activity Using a Graduated Cylinder	13	(1)
How is temperature measured?	14	(5)
Activity Calibrating a Thermometer	15	(1)
Unit 1 Challenges	16	(3)
Force	19	(22)
What is a force?	20	(2)
Activity Interpreting Force Diagrams	21	(1)
What is gravity?	22	(2)
Career in Physical Science Astronaut	23	(1)
How does a spring scale work?	24	(2)
Activity Using a Spring Scale	25	(1)
What is air resistance?	26	(2)
People in Science Galileo Galilei	27	(1)
What is friction?	28	(2)
Leisure Activity Ice Skating	29	(1)
How can friction be reduced?	30	(2)
Activity Measuring Friction	31	(1)
What is pressure?	32	(2)
Science Connection Hydraulics	33	(1)
How is fluid pressure measured?	34	(2)
Science Connection The ``Bends''	35	(1)
What is Bernoulli's principle?	36	(5)
Career in Physical Science Automobile Designer	37	(1)
Unit 2 Challenges	38	(3)
Energy and Work	41	(18)
What are the two basic kinds of energy?	42	(2)
Leisure Activity Archery	43	(1)
What are different forms of energy?	44	(2)
Technology and Society Nuclear Reactors	45	(1)
How does energy change form?	46	(2)
Science Connection Thermography	47	(1)
What is conservation of energy?	48	(2)
People in Science Albert Einstein	49	(1)
What is work?	50	(2)
Career in Physical Science Construction Worker	51	(1)
How can work be measured?	52	(2)
Activity Measuring Work	53	(1)
What is power?	54	(5)
Looking Back in Science Horsepower	55	(1)
Unit 3 Challenges	56	(3)
Motion	59	(16)
What are speed and velocity?	60	(2)
Activity Measuring Average Speed	61	(1)
What is acceleration?	62	(2)
Career in Physical Science Airplane Pilot	63	(1)
What are balanced and unbalanced forces?	64	(2)
Leisure Activity Running	65	(1)
What is Newton's first law of motion?	66	(2)
Science Connection Seat Belts	67	(1)
What is Newton's second law of motion?	68	(2)
People in Science Sir Issac Newton	69	(1)
What is Newton's third law of motion?	70	(5)
Technology and Society VentureStar	71	(1)
Unit 4 Challenges	72	(3)
Machines	75	(16)
What is a simple machine?	76	(2)
Technology and Society Robots	77	(1)
What is efficiency?	78	(2)
Leisure Activity Bicycling	79	(1)
How does a lever work?	80	(2)
Activity Using a Lever	81	(1)
How do pulleys work?	82	(2)
Activity Using a Movable Pulley	83	(1)
How does an inclined plane work?	84	(2)
Activity Finding the MA of an Inclined Plane	85	(1)
What is a compound machine?	86	(5)
Career in Physical Science Machinist	87	(1)
Unit 5 Challenges	88	(3)
Heat	91	(22)
What is heat?	92	(2)
People in Science Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford	93	(1)
How is heat measured?	94	(2)
Technology and Society Cryogenics	95	(1)
What is temperature?	96	(2)
Activity Observing Temperature Differences	97	(1)
What is freezing point?	98	(2)
Science Connection Sublimation	99	(1)
What is boiling point?	100	(2)
Activity Relating Boiling Point and Elevation	101	(1)
What is conduction?	102	(2)
Science Connection Home Insulation	103	(1)
What is convection?	104	(2)
Activity Observing Convection Currents in Water	105	(1)
What is radiation?	106	(2)
Activity Measuring the Effect of Passive Solar Heating	107	(1)
What is thermal expansion?	108	(5)
Science Connection Bimetallic Thermostats	109	(1)
Unit 6 Challenges	110	(3)
Waves	113	(16)
What is a wave?	114	(2)
Leisure Activity Surfing	115	(1)
What are two kinds of waves?	116	(2)
Science Connection Earthquake Waves	117	(1)
What are the features of a wave?	118	(2)
Activity Observing Waves in a Rope	119	(1)
How are waves reflected?	120	(2)
Activity Measuring the Angle of Incidence and Angle of Reflection	121	(1)
How are waves refracted?	122	(2)
Activity Observing the Effects of Refraction	123	(1)
What is the Doppler effect?	124	(5)
Science Connection Red Shift	125	(1)
Unit 7 Challenges	126	(3)
Sound	129	(22)
What is sound?	130	(2)
Activity Observing Vibrations in a Tuning Fork	131	(1)
How do sound waves travel?	132	(2)
Activity Making a String Telephone	133	(1)
What is the speed of sound?	134	(2)
Technology and Society Supersonic Airplanes	135	(1)
What is an echo?	136	(2)
Career in Physical Science Acoustics Engineer	137	(1)
What is intensity?	138	(2)
Science Connection Noise Pollution	139	(1)
What are frequency and pitch?	140	(2)
Activity Observing Changes in Pitch	141	(1)
What is sound quality?	142	(2)
People in Science Thomas Alva Edison	143	(1)
What is music?	144	(2)
Leisure Activity School Band	145	(1)
How do you hear?	146	(5)
Looking Back in Science The Invention of the Telephone	147	(1)
Unit 8 Challenges	148	(3)
Light	151	(24)
What is light?	152	(2)
Activity Observing that Light Travels in Straight Lines	153	(1)
How do light waves travel?	154	(2)
Leisure Activity Photography	155	(1)
What are sources of light?	156	(2)
Science Connection Shadows	157	(1)
How do you see?	158	(2)
Science Connection Corrective Lenses	159	(1)
What is color?	160	(2)
Science Connection Colorblindness	161	(1)
What is photosynthesis?	162	(2)
Activity Removing Chlorophyll from Green Leaves	163	(1)
How do mirrors reflect light?	164	(2)
Activity Observing Mirror Images	165	(1)
How do lenses refract light?	166	(2)
Activity Forming a Real Image with a Convex Lens	167	(1)
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?	168	(2)
Career in Physical Science X-Ray Technician	169	(1)
What are lasers?	170	(5)
Science Connection Holography	171	(1)
Unit 9 Challenges	172	(3)
Electricity	175	(22)
What is electricity?	176	(2)
Activity Observing Electric Charges	177	(1)
What are insulators and conductors?	178	(2)
Career in Physical Science Television Repairperson	179	(1)
What are two kinds of electric current?	180	(2)
Leisure Activity Building Model Electric Trains	181	(1)
What is a battery?	182	(2)
Activity Making a Lemon Wet Cell	183	(1)
What is a series circuit?	184	(2)
Looking Back in Science Computers	185	(1)
What is a parallel circuit?	186	(2)
Career in Physical Science Computer Programmer	187	(1)
What are volts, amps, and ohms?	188	(2)
Technology and Society Superconductors	189	(1)
What is Ohm's law?	190	(2)
Career in Physical Science Electrician	191	(1)
How can you use electricity safely?	192	(5)
Science Connection High-voltage Wires	193	(1)
Unit 10 Challenges	194	(3)
Magnetism	197	(22)
What is a magnet?	198	(2)
Looking Back in Science Magnetic Compasses	199	(1)
What is a magnetic field?	200	(2)
Activity Observing Magnetic Lines of Force	201	(1)
How can you make a magnet?	202	(2)
Technology and Society Magnetic Levitation	203	(1)
How is the earth like a magnet?	204	(2)
Activity Making a Magnetic Compass	205	(1)
How are electricity and magnetism related?	206	(2)
Looking Back in Science Invention of the Telegraph	207	(1)
What is an electromagnet?	208	(2)
Activity Making an Electromagnet	209	(1)
What is a transformer?	210	(2)
People in Science Joseph Henry	211	(1)
What is a motor?	212	(2)
Career in Physical Science Automobile Mechanic	213	(1)
What is a generator?	214	(5)
Science Connection Electric Power Plants	215	(1)
Unit 11 Challenges	216	(3)
Matter	219	(24)
What are the properties of matter?	220	(2)
Activity Observing that Air Is Matter	221	(1)
What are three phases of matter?	222	(2)
Science Connection The Earth's Mantle	223	(1)
How does matter change phase?	224	(2)
Career in Physical Science Refrigeration Technician	225	(1)
What are physical and chemical changes?	226	(2)
Activity Observing Physical Changes	227	(1)
What are elements?	228	(2)
People in Science Marie Curie	229	(1)
What are chemical symbols?	230	(2)
People in Science Jons Jakob Berzelius	231	(1)
What is the periodic table?	232	(4)
Leisure Activity Amateur Chemistry	233	(1)
Periodic Table of the Elements	234	(2)
What are metals and nonmetals?	236	(2)
Technology and Society Plastic and Graphite	237	(1)
What are the inert gases?	238	(5)
Career in Physical Science Environmental Chemist	239	(1)
Unit 12 Challenges	240	(3)
Density	243	(14)
What is density?	244	(2)
Science Connection Neutron Stars and Black Holes	245	(1)
How is density measured?	246	(2)
Activity Finding the Densities of Different Liquids	247	(1)
What is specific gravity?	248	(2)
Career in Physical Science Mineralogist	249	(1)
What is displacement?	250	(2)
Activity Measuring Displacement	251	(1)
What is buoyancy?	252	(5)
Leisure Activity Ballooning	253	(1)
Unit 13 Challenges	254	(3)
Atoms	257	(16)
What are atoms?	258	(2)
Technology and Society Particle Accelerators	259	(1)
What are the parts of an atom?	260	(2)
Science Connection Quarks and Leptons	261	(1)
What is atomic number?	262	(2)
People in Science Chien-Shiung Wu	263	(1)
What is atomic mass?	264	(2)
People in Science Dmitri Mendeleev	265	(1)
What are isotopes?	266	(2)
Career in Physical Science Radiation Therapist	267	(1)
How are electrons arranged in an atom?	268	(5)
People in Science Maria Goeppert Mayer	269	(1)
Unit 14 Challenges	270	(3)
Compounds and Mixtures	273	(20)
What is a compound?	274	(2)
Activity Breaking Down Hydrogen Peroxide	275	(1)
What are molecules?	276	(2)
Science Connection Mass Spectroscopy	277	(1)
What are mixtures?	278	(2)
Leisure Activity Cooking	279	(1)
How are compounds and mixtures different?	280	(2)
Science Connection Chemistry of Cooking	281	(1)
What are ionic bonds?	282	(2)
Looking Back in Science Crystallography	283	(1)
What are covalent bonds?	284	(2)
Activity Making a Molecular Model	285	(1)
What are organic compounds?	286	(2)
Career in Physical Science Pharmacist	287	(1)
What compounds are needed by living things?	288	(5)
Science Connection A Balanced Diet	289	(1)
Unit 15 Challenges	290	(3)
Chemical Formulas	293	(16)
What is a chemical formula?	294	(2)
Science Connection Destruction of the Ozone Layer	295	(1)
What is an oxidation number?	296	(2)
Activity Writing Chemical Formulas	297	(1)
How are chemical compounds named?	298	(2)
Career in Physical Science Chemical Technician	299	(1)
What is a polyatomic ion?	300	(2)
Science Connection Nitrates	301	(1)
What are diatomic molecules?	302	(2)
Science Connection The Nitrogen Cycle	303	(1)
What is formula mass?	304	(5)
Activity Calculating Formula Mass	305	(1)
Unit 16 Challenges	306	(3)
Chemical Reactions	309	(18)
What is conservation of matter?	310	(2)
Activity Observing a Chemical Reaction	311	(1)
What are chemical equations?	312	(2)
Activity Balancing Chemical Equations	313	(1)
What are oxidation and reduction?	314	(2)
Science Connection Copper Oxidation	315	(1)
What is a synthesis reaction?	316	(2)
Looking Back in Science Development of Synthetic Fabrics	317	(1)
What is a decomposition reaction?	318	(2)
Technology and Society Disposal of Chemical Wastes	319	(1)
What is a single-replacement reaction?	320	(2)
Activity Replacing Metals	321	(1)
What is a double-replacement reaction?	322	(5)
Activity Formation of a Precipitate	323	(1)
Unit 17 Challenges	324	(3)
Metals	327	(16)
What is an ore?	328	(2)
Leisure Activity Designing and Making Jewelry	329	(1)
How are metals removed from their ores?	330	(2)
Science Connection Metallurgy	331	(1)
What are alloys?	332	(2)
Technology and Society Alloys of Steel	333	(1)
Why are some metals more active than others?	334	(2)
Career in Physical Science Welder	335	(1)
What is corrosion?	336	(2)
Activity Observing the Tarnishing of Silver	337	(1)
How are metals plated?	338	(5)
Activity Protecting Metals from Corrosion	339	(1)
Unit 18 Challenges	340	(3)
Solutions	343	(22)
What is a solution?	344	(2)
Career in Physical Science Analytical Chemist	345	(1)
What are the parts of a solution?	346	(2)
Science Connection Chemical Weathering	347	(1)
Why is water a good solvent?	348	(2)
Career in Physical Science Water Purification Chemist	349	(1)
How can you change the rate of dissolving?	350	(2)
Activity Changing the Rate of Dissolving	351	(1)
What is the concentration of a solution?	352	(2)
Activity Making a Supersaturated Solution	353	(1)
How do solutes affect freezing point?	354	(2)
Science Connection Fishes with Antifreeze	355	(1)
How do solutes affect boiling point?	356	(2)
Activity Observing Boiling Point Elevation	357	(1)
How can a solution be separated?	358	(2)
Technology and Society Fractional Distillation of Petroleum	359	(1)
How are crystals formed?	360	(5)
Activity Growing Sugar Crystals	361	(1)
Unit 19 Challenges	362	(3)
Suspensions	365	(14)
What is a suspension?	366	(2)
Activity Making a Suspension	367	(1)
How can a suspension be separated?	368	(2)
Science Connection The Mississippi Delta	369	(1)
What is an emulsion?	370	(2)
Activity Making an Emulsion	371	(1)
What is a colloid?	372	(2)
Science Connection Homogenized Milk	373	(1)
What are air and water pollution?	374	(5)
Activity Observing Pollutants in the Air	375	(1)
Unit 20 Challenges	376	(3)
Acids, Bases, and Salts	379	(22)
What is an acid?	380	(2)
Science Connection Acid Rain	381	(1)
What is a base?	382	(2)
Science Connection Soap	383	(1)
What are indicators?	384	(2)
Activity Making an Indicator	385	(1)
What is the pH scale?	386	(2)
Activity Testing the Acidity of Foods	387	(1)
What is neutralization?	388	(2)
Looking Back in Science History of Salt	389	(1)
What are electrolytes?	390	(11)
Activity Classifying Acids and Bases	391	(1)
Unit 21 Challenges	392	(9)
Appendices	401
Glossary	395	(12)
Index	407