Construction Materials, Methods, and Techniques

by Spence, William P.

• ISBN13: 9781418001810
• ISBN10: 1418001813
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-08-21
• Publisher: Delmar Cengage Learning

Summary

Comprehensive in nature, this newly updated book extensively explores construction materials and properties as well as current methods of residential and commercial building construction. Revisions reflect the changes based on the 2004 Edition of Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) MasterFormat and follows the logical sequence of a construction project. The Second Edition is complete with current information that is the result of input from hundreds of manufacturers and professional and trade organizations, and makes frequent reference to building codes relating to various construction materials and methods.

Author Biography

William P. Spence is Dean of the College of Technology as well as Professor of Construction Engineering Technology emeritus at Pittsburgh State University, KS.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Intent of This Book	xv
How to Use This Book	xv
Features of This Book	xvi
New to This Edition	xvii
About the Author	xvii
Acknowledgments	xvii
Disclaimer	xvii
PART I Introduction to Construction Methods, Materials, and Techniques
Building Structures and Systems: An Overview	3	(22)
Learning Objectives	3	(1)
Space	3	(1)
The Building Structure	4	(8)
The Enclosing Walls	12	(2)
Thermal Factors	14	(2)
Building Systems	16	(8)
Item of interest: Construction Safety--Falls	17	(7)
Review Questions	24	(1)
Key Terms	24	(1)
Activity	24	(1)
Construction: A Dynamic Industry	25	(30)
Learning Objectives	25	(1)
The Construction Industry	25	(1)
Construction Contractors	26	(1)
Construction Materials	27	(2)
Construction and the Environment	29	(1)
Use of Resources	29	(1)
Construction Methods	30	(1)
Zoning and Codes	31	(2)
Trade Associations	33	(2)
Other Organizations	35	(5)
Item of interest: Sample Ordinance for Adoption of the International Residential Code for One-and Two-Family Dwellings	37	(3)
The Masterformat of the Construction Specifications Institute	40	(11)
Metrics in Construction	51	(2)
Review Questions	53	(1)
Key Terms	53	(1)
Activities	53	(1)
Additional Resources	54	(1)
Properties of Materials	55	(15)
Learning Objectives	55	(1)
Materials Groups and Properties	56	(1)
Mechanical Properties	56	(4)
Thermal Properties	60	(3)
Item of interest: On-the-Job Deaths	62	(1)
Electrical Properties	63	(1)
Chemical Properties	64	(1)
Acoustical Properties	65	(1)
Review Questions	65	(1)
Key Terms	65	(1)
Activities	66	(2)
PART II General Requirements and Site Construction
Division 1 General Requirements	68	(1)
Division 31 Earthwork	69	(1)
The Building Site	70	(22)
Learning Objectives	70	(1)
Site Plans	70	(1)
Environmental Considerations	70	(1)
Preparing the Site	71	(1)
Subsurface Investigation	71	(1)
Earthwork	71	(8)
Dewatering Techniques	79	(2)
Underpinning Techniques	81	(2)
Paving	83	(5)
Item of interest: Blasting	84	(4)
Site Work Activities	88	(1)
Seismic Considerations	88	(3)
Review Questions	91	(1)
Key Terms	91	(1)
Activities	91	(1)
Additional Resources	91	(1)
Soils	92	(10)
Learning Objectives	92	(1)
Types of Soils	92	(1)
Soil Classifications	92	(1)
Field Classification of Soil	93	(2)
Soil Volume Characteristics	95	(1)
Soil Water	95	(1)
Soil-Bearing Capacities	96	(1)
Soil Alterations	96	(4)
Item of interest: Subcontractor Agreements	98	(2)
Review Questions	100	(1)
Key Terms	100	(1)
Activities	101	(1)
Additional Resources	101	(1)
Foundations	102	(19)
Learning Objectives	102	(1)
Foundation Design	102	(1)
Spread Foundations	103	(3)
Pile Foundations	106	(9)
Item of interest: Earthquake Design	109	(6)
Caisson Pile Foundations	115	(2)
Review Questions	117	(1)
Key Terms	117	(1)
Activities	117	(1)
Additional Resources	118	(2)
PART III Concrete and Masonry
Division 3 Concrete	120	(1)
Concrete	121	(25)
Learning Objectives	121	(1)
Portland Cement	121	(5)
Water	126	(1)
Aggregates	127	(4)
Admixtures	131	(4)
Basics of Concrete	135	(4)
Item of interest: Concrete on the Moon	138	(1)
Concrete Design	139	(1)
Concrete Tests	139	(5)
Review Questions	144	(1)
Key Terms	144	(1)
Activities	145	(1)
Additional Resources	145	(1)
Cast-In-Place Concrete	146	(47)
Learning Objectives	146	(1)
Building Codes	146	(1)
Preparing the Site	147	(1)
Preparing Concrete	147	(1)
Transporting, Handling, and Placing Concrete	148	(4)
Finishing Concrete	152	(1)
Curing Concrete	153	(1)
Formwork	153	(6)
Concrete Reinforcing Materials	159	(12)
Item of interest: Strip-Applied Waterstops	164	(7)
Cast-In-Place On-Grade Concrete Slabs	171	(2)
Cast-In-Place Concrete Framing Systems	173	(18)
Review Questions	191	(1)
Key Terms	191	(1)
Activities	192	(1)
Additional Resources	192	(1)
Precast Concrete	193	(19)
Learning Objectives	193	(1)
Advantages of Precast Concrete Units	193	(2)
Building Codes	195	(1)
Nonprestressed and Prestressed Precast Units	195	(1)
Prestressed Precast Concrete	195	(2)
Precast Concrete Slabs	197	(3)
Connecting Precast Units	200	(2)
Erecting Precast Concrete	202	(8)
Review Questions	210	(1)
Key Terms	210	(1)
Activities	210	(1)
Additional Resources	210	(1)
Division 4 Masonry	211	(1)
Mortars for Masonry Walls	212	(10)
Learning Objectives	212	(1)
Mortar Composition	212	(1)
Types of Mortar	213	(4)
Properties of Plastic Mortar	217	(1)
Properties of Hardened Mortar	217	(2)
Colored Mortar	219	(1)
Mortar in Cold Weather	219	(1)
Surface Bonding Mortars	220	(1)
Review Questions	220	(1)
Key Terms	221	(1)
Activities	221	(1)
Additional Resources	221	(1)
Clay Brick and Tile	222	(18)
Learning Objectives	222	(1)
Clays	222	(1)
Manufacturing Clay Bricks	222	(3)
Structural Clay Masonry Units	225	(3)
Material Specifications for Clay Masonry	228	(4)
Properties of Clay Brick and Tile	232	(1)
Ceramic Tile	233	(2)
Other Clay Tile Products	235	(3)
Review Questions	238	(1)
Key Terms	238	(1)
Activities	239	(1)
Additional Resources	239	(1)
Concrete Masonry	240	(12)
Learning Objectives	240	(1)
Manufacture of Concrete Masonry Units	240	(1)
Physical Properties of Concrete Masonry Units	241	(2)
Types of Concrete Masonry Units	243	(7)
Material Specifications	250	(1)
Review Questions	251	(1)
Key Terms	251	(1)
Activities	251	(1)
Additional Resources	251	(1)
Stone	252	(6)
Learning Objectives	252	(1)
Basic Classifications of Rock	252	(3)
Types and Uses of Stone	255	(1)
Quarrying and Producing Building Stones	255	(1)
Choosing a Stone	256	(1)
Review Questions	257	(1)
Key Terms	257	(1)
Activities	257	(1)
Additional Resources	257	(1)
Masonry Construction	258	(37)
Learning Objectives	258	(1)
Masonry Bearing Walls	258	(1)
Masonry Arches	259	(1)
Control and Expansion Joints	260	(1)
Brick Masonry Construction	261	(10)
Building a Brick Masonry Wall	271	(2)
Concrete Masonry Construction	273	(5)
Building a Concrete Masonry Wall	278	(1)
Stone Masonry Construction	279	(8)
Structural Clay Tile Construction	287	(2)
Building a Structural Clay Tile Masonry Wall	289	(1)
Review Questions	290	(1)
Key Terms	291	(1)
Activities	291	(1)
Additional Resources	291	(3)
PART IV Metals, Wood, and Plastics
Division 5 Metals	294	(1)
Ferrous Metals	295	(27)
Learning Objectives	295	(1)
History of Ferrous Metals	295	(1)
Iron	296	(3)
Steelmaking	299	(2)
Manufacturing Steel Products	301	(3)
Steel Identification Systems	304	(2)
Steel and Steel Alloys	306	(4)
Steel Products	310	(8)
Testing Metals	318	(2)
Review Questions	320	(1)
Key Terms	320	(1)
Activities	321	(1)
Additional Resources	321	(1)
Nonferrous Metals	322	(33)
Learning Objectives	322	(1)
Galvanic Corrosion	322	(1)
Aluminum	322	(14)
Copper	336	(6)
Item of interest: Dead Sea Scrolls	337	(5)
Brass	342	(3)
Bronze	345	(1)
Lead	346	(2)
Solders	348	(1)
Tin	349	(1)
Terneplate	349	(1)
Titanium	350	(1)
Nickel	351	(1)
Zinc	352	(1)
Review Questions	353	(1)
Key Terms	353	(1)
Activities	354	(1)
Additional Resources	354	(1)
Steel Frame Construction	355	(42)
Learning Objectives	355	(1)
Structural Steel Drawings	356	(1)
The Erection Process	357	(4)
Fastening Techniques	361	(8)
Item of interest: Fasteners for Metal Building Construction	365	(4)
The Steel Frame	369	(6)
Fire Protection of the Steel Frame	375	(2)
Decking	377	(3)
Steel Trusses	380	(3)
Tensile Structures	383	(1)
Light-Gauge Steel Framing	384	(1)
Pre-Engineered Metal Building Systems	384	(9)
Exterior Wall Systems	393	(1)
Review Questions	394	(1)
Key Terms	394	(1)
Activities	395	(1)
Additional Resources	395	(1)
Division 6 Wood, Plastics, and Composites	396	(1)
Wood, Plastics, and Composites	397	(34)
Learning Objectives	397	(1)
Tree Species	397	(1)
The Structure of Wood	398	(1)
Wood Defects	399	(1)
Seasoning Lumber	399	(3)
Lumber Sizes	402	(1)
Lumber Manufacturing	403	(3)
Lumber Grading and Testing	406	(8)
Physical and Chemical Composition of Wood	414	(2)
Hygroscopic Properties of Wood	416	(5)
Item of interest: Handling and Storing Wood Products	417	(4)
Structural Properties of Wood	421	(3)
Other Properties of Wood	424	(1)
Pressure-Treated Wood and Plywood	425	(3)
Fire-Retardant Treatments	428	(1)
Review Questions	429	(1)
Key Terms	430	(1)
Activities	430	(1)
Additional Resources	430	(1)
Products Manufactured from Wood	431	(28)
Learning Objectives	431	(1)
Plywood and Other Panel Products	431	(9)
Structural Building Components	440	(5)
Wood Shingles and Shakes	445	(2)
Wood Windows, Doors, and Cabinets	447	(1)
Wood Flooring	448	(9)
Review Questions	457	(1)
Key Terms	458	(1)
Activities	458	(1)
Additional Resources	458	(1)
Wood and Metal Light Frame Construction	459	(40)
Learning Objectives	459	(1)
Ordinances and Codes	459	(2)
Preparing the Site	461	(1)
Foundations	462	(5)
Evolution of Wood Light Frame Construction	467	(2)
Platform Framing	469	(15)
Item of interest: Framing to Control Wind and Seismic Loads	472	(12)
Wood Trusses and Joists	484	(5)
Post, Plank, and Beam Framing	489	(3)
Panelized Frame Construction	492	(3)
Steel Framing	495	(3)
Review Questions	498	(1)
Key Terms	498	(1)
Activities	498	(1)
Additional Resources	498	(1)
Heavy Timber Construction	499	(20)
Learning Objectives	499	(1)
Building Codes	499	(2)
Fire Resistance	501	(1)
Glued Laminated Construction	501	(10)
Item of interest: Terminology for Metal Fasteners Used to Join Wood Members	506	(5)
Solid Heavy Timber Construction	511	(6)
Pole Construction	517	(1)
Review Questions	518	(1)
Key Terms	518	(1)
Activities	518	(1)
Additional Resources	518	(1)
Finishing the Exterior and Interior of Light Wood Frame Buildings	519	(26)
Learning Objectives	519	(1)
Finishing the Exterior	519	(13)
Finishing the Interior	532	(4)
Interior Finish Carpentry	536	(7)
Review Questions	543	(1)
Key Terms	543	(1)
Activities	543	(1)
Additional Resources	544	(1)
Paper and Paper Pulp Products	545	(5)
Learning Objectives	545	(1)
Manufacture of Paper	545	(1)
Properties of Paper Products	546	(1)
Chemical Treatments	546	(1)
Paper Products Used in Construction	547	(2)
Review Questions	549	(1)
Key Terms	549	(1)
Activities	549	(1)
Additional Resources	549	(1)
Plastics	550	(17)
Learning Objectives	550	(1)
Molecular Structure of Plastic	551	(1)
Classifications	552	(1)
Additives	552	(1)
Properties	553	(2)
Plastic Construction Materials	555	(4)
Manufacturing Processes	559	(3)
Review Questions	562	(1)
Key Terms	562	(1)
Activities	563	(1)
Additional Resources	563	(3)
PART V Thermal and Moisture Protection, Openings, and Finishes
Division 7 Thermal and Moisture Protection	566	(1)
Thermal Insulation and Vapor Barriers	567	(11)
Learning Objectives	567	(1)
Thermal Insulation	567	(1)
Methods of Heat Transfer	567	(1)
Designating Thermal Properties	568	(1)
Insulation Materials	568	(7)
Item of interest: Insulating around Recessed Lights	572	(3)
Vapor Barriers	575	(1)
Review Questions	576	(1)
Key Terms	576	(1)
Activities	576	(1)
Additional Resources	577	(1)
Bonding Agents, Sealers, and Sealants	578	(16)
Learning Objectives	578	(1)
Bonding Agents	578	(4)
Sealers For Exterior Materials	582	(2)
Sealants	584	(4)
Waterproofing Membranes And Coatings	588	(1)
Item of interest: Waterproofing Tips	589	(3)
Review Questions	592	(1)
Key Terms	592	(1)
Activities	593	(1)
Additional Resources	593	(1)
Bituminous Materials	594	(12)
Learning Objectives	594	(1)
Properties of Bitumens	594	(1)
Asphalt	595	(4)
Other Products Made with Bituminous Materials	599	(1)
Roof Coverings	600	(5)
Review Questions	605	(1)
Key Terms	605	(1)
Activities	605	(1)
Additional Resources	605	(1)
Roofing Systems	606	(27)
Learning Objectives	606	(1)
Building Codes	606	(1)
Roofing System Materials	607	(1)
Low-Slope Roof Assemblies	608	(9)
Rooftop Walkways	617	(1)
Flashing	617	(1)
Steep-Slope Roof Assemblies	618	(13)
Review Questions	631	(1)
Key Terms	631	(1)
Activities	631	(1)
Additional Resources	631	(1)
Division 8 Openings	632	(1)
Glass	633	(12)
Learning Objectives	633	(1)
Types of Glass	633	(1)
The Manufacture of Glass	633	(2)
Properties of Soda-Lime-Silica Glass	635	(1)
Heat Treating Glass	636	(1)
Finishes	636	(1)
Glass Products	637	(5)
Plastic Glazing Materials	642	(1)
Review Questions	643	(1)
Key Terms	644	(1)
Activity	644	(1)
Additional Resources	644	(1)
Doors, Windows, Entrances, and Storefronts	645	(22)
Learning Objectives	645	(1)
DOORS	645	(9)
Windows	654	(9)
Entrances and Storefronts	663	(3)
Review Questions	666	(1)
Key Terms	666	(1)
Activity	666	(1)
Additional Resources	666	(1)
Cladding Systems	667	(31)
Learning Objectives	667	(1)
Cladding Design Considerations	667	(5)
Performance Factors	672	(3)
Curtain Wall Cladding	675	(21)
Building Code Requirements	696	(1)
Review Questions	696	(1)
Key Terms	696	(1)
Activities	696	(1)
Additional Resources	696	(1)
Division 9 Finishes	697	(1)
Interior Finishes	698	(6)
Learning Objectives	698	(1)
Electrical and Mechanical Systems and the Interior Finish	698	(2)
Cost	700	(1)
Appearance	701	(1)
Durability	701	(1)
Acoustical Considerations	701	(1)
Fire Considerations	702	(1)
Review Questions	703	(1)
Key Terms	703	(1)
Protective and Decorative Coatings	704	(17)
Learning Objectives	704	(1)
Federal Regulations	705	(1)
Composition of Coatings	705	(1)
Factors Affecting Coatings	706	(1)
Clear Coatings	707	(3)
Opaque Coatings	710	(7)
Item of interest: Lead Paint	715	(2)
Special-Purpose Coatings	717	(1)
Stains	717	(1)
Flame Spread, Smoke, and Fuel Contributed Ratings	718	(1)
Review Questions	719	(1)
Key Terms	720	(1)
Activities	720	(1)
Additional Resources	720	(1)
Gypsum, Lime, and Plaster	721	(7)
Learning Objectives	721	(1)
Gypsum Plaster Products	721	(2)
Gypsum Board Products	723	(2)
Applications	725	(1)
Lime	726	(1)
Cement Board	726	(1)
Review Questions	727	(1)
Key Terms	727	(1)
Activities	727	(1)
Additional Resources	727	(1)
Acoustical Materials	728	(11)
Learning Objectives	728	(1)
Sound	728	(1)
Sound Control	729	(1)
Acoustical Materials	730	(6)
Construction Techniques	736	(1)
Controlling Sound from Vibrations	737	(1)
Review Questions	737	(1)
Key Terms	738	(1)
Activities	738	(1)
Additional Resources	738	(1)
Interior Walls, Partitions, and Ceilings	739	(23)
Learning Objectives	739	(1)
Interior Walls and Partitions	739	(2)
Interior Gypsum Wall Systems	741	(8)
Plaster Wall Finishes	749	(4)
Solid Gypsum Partitions	753	(1)
Structural Clay Tile Partitions	754	(1)
Ceramic Tile Wall Finishes	754	(1)
Wood Product Wall Finishes	755	(1)
Ceiling Construction	755	(6)
Review Questions	761	(1)
Key Terms	761	(1)
Activities	761	(1)
Additional Resources	761	(1)
Flooring	762	(14)
Learning Objectives	762	(1)
Building Codes	762	(1)
Wood Flooring	762	(1)
Engineered and Laminate Flooring	763	(1)
Resilient Flooring	764	(2)
Clay Tile	766	(2)
Brick Flooring and Brick and Concrete Pavers	768	(1)
Concrete Floors	768	(2)
Terrazzo	770	(1)
Stone Floor Covering	771	(1)
Other Flooring Applications	771	(3)
Review Questions	774	(1)
Key Terms	774	(1)
Activities	774	(1)
Additional Resources	775	(1)
Carpeting	776	(13)
Learning Objectives	776	(1)
Pile Fibers	776	(1)
Carpet Construction	777	(1)
Woven Carpets	777	(1)
Tufted Construction	778	(1)
Knitted Construction	778	(1)
Flocked Construction	779	(1)
Fusion Bonded Construction	779	(1)
Quality Specifications	779	(2)
Carpet Cushions	781	(1)
Installing Cushion and Carpet	782	(3)
Review Questions	785	(1)
Key Terms	785	(1)
Activities	785	(1)
Additional Resources	785	(3)
PART VI Specialties, Equipment, and Furnishings
Division 10 Specialties	788	(1)
Specialties	789	(18)
Learning Objectives	789	(1)
Visual Display Boards	789	(1)
Compartments and Cubicles	789	(2)
Louvers, Vents, Grilles, and Screens	791	(1)
Service Wall Systems	792	(1)
Wall and Corner Guards	792	(1)
Access Flooring	792	(1)
Pest Control	793	(1)
Fireplaces and Stoves	794	(1)
Manufactured Exterior Specialties	794	(1)
Flagpoles	795	(1)
Identifying Devices	795	(1)
Pedestrian Control Devices	796	(1)
Lockers and Shelving	796	(1)
Fire Protection Specialties	797	(2)
Protective Covers	799	(1)
Postal Specialties	799	(1)
Demountable Partitions	799	(1)
Operable Partitions	800	(1)
Exterior Protection Devices for Openings	801	(1)
Telephone Specialties	801	(1)
Toilet and Bath Accessories	801	(2)
Scales	803	(1)
Wardrobe and Closet Specialties	803	(1)
Review Questions	804	(1)
Key Terms	804	(1)
Activity	805	(1)
Additional Resources	805	(1)
Division 11 Equipment	806	(1)
Residential and Commercial Equipment	807	(10)
Learning Objectives	807	(1)
Maintenance Equipment	807	(1)
Security and Ecclesiastical Equipment	807	(3)
Item of interest: Security of Valuables	809	(1)
Mercantile Equipment	810	(1)
Solid Waste Handling Equipment	811	(1)
Office Equipment	811	(2)
Item of interest: Entertainment Centers	811	(2)
Residential Equipment and Unit Kitchens	813	(1)
Fluid Waste Treatment and Disposal Equipment	814	(1)
Medical Equipment	814	(1)
Review Questions	815	(1)
Activity	815	(1)
Additional Resources	815	(1)
Division 12 Furnishings	816	(1)
Furnishings	817	(10)
Learning Objectives	817	(1)
Artwork	817	(2)
Fabrics	819	(1)
Manufactured Casework	820	(1)
Window Treatment	821	(1)
Furniture and Accessories	821	(2)
Rugs and Mats	823	(1)
Multiple Seating	823	(1)
Interior Plants and Planters	823	(1)
Review Questions	824	(1)
Key Terms	824	(1)
Activity	824	(1)
Additional Resources	824	(2)
PART VII Special Construction and Conveying Systems
Division 13 Special Construction	826	(1)
Special Construction	827	(9)
Learning Objectives	827	(1)
Air-Supported Structures	827	(1)
Integrated Assemblies	827	(1)
Special-Purpose Rooms	827	(1)
Nuclear Reactors	828	(1)
Pre-Engineered Structures	828	(1)
Waste and Utilities Sections	828	(1)
Measurement and Control Instrumentation	829	(1)
Solar Energy Systems	829	(2)
Wind Energy Conversion Systems	831	(1)
Cogeneration Systems	831	(1)
Special Security Construction	831	(3)
Item of interest: Home Security Systems	832	(2)
Review Questions	834	(1)
Key Terms	834	(1)
Activity	834	(1)
Additional Resources	834	(1)
Division 14 Conveying Equipment	835	(1)
Conveying Systems	836	(31)
Learning Objectives	836	(1)
Elevator Hoistways	836	(2)
Elevator Cars	838	(1)
Elevator Code Standards	839	(1)
Elevator Types	840	(1)
Electric Passenger Elevators	840	(4)
Hydraulic Elevators	844	(1)
Freight Elevators	844	(2)
Observation Elevators	846	(1)
Residential Elevators	846	(1)
Automated Transfer Systems	846	(4)
Wheelchair Lifts and Stair Lifts	850	(2)
Escalators	852	(1)
Moving Walks and Ramps	853	(1)
Other Conveying Equipment	854	(1)
Shuttle Transit	854	(1)
Conveyors and Pneumatic Tubes	855	(2)
Cranes and Hoists	857	(4)
Special-Purpose Systems	861	(1)
Review Questions	862	(1)
Key Terms	862	(1)
Activity	863	(1)
Additional Resources	863	(3)
PART VIII Mechanical and Electrical
Division 21 Fire Suppression	866	(1)
Fire-Suppression Systems	867	(8)
Learning Objectives	867	(1)
Fire Codes	867	(1)
Fire-Suppression Systems	867	(6)
Review Questions	873	(1)
Key Term	873	(1)
Activities	873	(1)
Additional Resources	873	(1)
Division 22 Plumbing	874	(1)
Plumbing Systems	875	(32)
Learning Objectives	875	(1)
Plumbing Codes	875	(1)
Piping, Tubing, and Fittings	875	(3)
Valves	878	(2)
Insulation	880	(1)
Potable Water Supply	881	(1)
Water Pipe Sizing	881	(1)
Potable Water Distribution Systems	882	(2)
Sanitary Piping	884	(6)
Item of interest: Low-Pressure Sewer Systems	886	(4)
Residential Sanitary Piping	890	(1)
Multistory Building Sanitary Piping Systems	891	(3)
Nonpotable Water Systems	894	(1)
Roof Drainage	895	(1)
Plumbing Fixtures	895	(10)
Review Questions	905	(1)
Key Terms	905	(1)
Activities	905	(1)
Additional Resources	905	(1)
Division 23 Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning	906	(1)
Heating, Air-Conditioning, Ventilation, and Refrigeration	907	(62)
Learning Objectives	907	(1)
HVAC Codes	907	(1)
Heat Balances	907	(1)
Heat Transfer	908	(1)
Sensible and Latent Heat	908	(1)
Human Comfort	909	(1)
Ventilation	909	(4)
Fuel and Energy Used for HVAC	913	(3)
Warm Air Heating Equipment	916	(8)
Air-Conditioning with Duct Systems	924	(1)
All-Air Distribution Systems	924	(5)
Types of Duct Systems	929	(1)
Forced Air Duct Systems	930	(2)
Supply Air Outlets and Return Air Inlets for Warm Air Heating Systems	932	(5)
Humidifiers and Dehumidifiers	937	(4)
Hydronic (Hot Water) Heating Systems	941	(3)
Pipe Systems for Water Heating and Cooling	944	(1)
Steam Heating Systems	944	(1)
Boilers	945	(6)
Terminal Equipment for Hot Water and Steam Heating Systems	951	(5)
Chilled Water Cooling Systems for Large Buildings	956	(1)
Centrifugal Chillers	956	(1)
The Absorption Chiller Refrigeration System	957	(3)
Positive Displacement Chillers	960	(1)
Evaporative Air Coolers	961	(1)
Radiant Heating and Cooling	962	(2)
Electric Heating Systems	964	(1)
Review Questions	965	(1)
Key Terms	966	(1)
Activities	966	(1)
Additional Resources	967	(1)
Division 26 Electrical	968	(1)
Electrical Equipment and Systems	969	(42)
Learning Objectives	969	(1)
Electrical Loads	969	(1)
Basics of Electricity	969	(2)
Power and Energy	971	(1)
Electrical Codes	971	(1)
Electric Power Sources	971	(3)
On-Site Power Generation	974	(1)
Electrical Power Conductors	975	(1)
Raceways	976	(4)
Meters	980	(1)
Motor Control Centers	981	(1)
Transformers	981	(2)
Switches	983	(3)
Overcurrent Protection Devices	986	(2)
Switchgear and Switchboards	988	(1)
Panelboards	989	(1)
Electrical Supply	989	(3)
Electrical Distribution Systems in Buildings	992	(1)
Lighting	993	(5)
Item of interest: Choosing Light and Color	996	(2)
Lighting-Related Measurements	998	(2)
Lighting Systems	1000	(1)
Types of Lamps	1001	(6)
Item of interest: Low-Mercury Fluorescent Lamp	1002	(3)
Item of interest: Plug-In Electrical Testers	1005	(2)
Review Questions	1007	(1)
Key Terms	1008	(1)
Activities	1008	(1)
Additional Resources	1009	(1)
Division 28 Electronic Safety and Security	1010	(1)
Electronic Safety and Security	1011	(30)
Learning Objectives	1011	(1)
Security Systems	1011	(1)
Automatic Fire-Suppression and Supervisory Systems	1011	(3)
Review Questions	1014	(1)
Key Terms	1014	(1)
Activities	1014	(1)
Additional Resources	1014	(1)
Appendixes
Appendix A: Divison 1 General Requirements	1015	(4)
Appendix B: U.S. and Canadian Professional and Technical Organizations	1019	(14)
Appendix C: Metric Information	1033	(2)
Appendix D: Weights of Building Materials	1035	(2)
Appendix E: Names and Atomic Symbols of Selected Chemical Elements	1037	(2)
Appendix F: Coefficients of Thermal Expansion for Selected Construction Materials	1039	(2)
Glossary	1041	(20)
Index	1061