Construction Planning, Equipment, and Methods

by Peurifoy, Robert L.

• ISBN13: 9780072964202
• ISBN10: 0072964200
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-06-09
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math

Summary

The Seventh Edition ofConstruction Planning, Equipment, and Methods,follows in the footsteps of the previous editions by providing the reader with the fundamentals of machine utilization and production estimating in a logical, simple, and concise format. Our text features expanded coverage of building in today's global environment. Hundreds of photos and illustrations have been added to the seventh edition to make this dynamic text even more accessible to both students and professionals. In addition, since technology is constantly evolving, this text provides an understanding of machine capabilities and how to properly apply those capabilities to construction challenges.The media package includes:Web-based exercises have been added to many chapters to draw attention to the expanding volume of information available over the Internet. The computer monitor icon in the text margin will direct you to the text website (http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/civil/peurifoy). In addition, extensive web resources are provided at the end of every text chapter.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
Machines Make It Possible	1	(16)
The History of Construction Equipment	1	(7)
Being Competitive	8	(1)
The Construction Industry	9	(1)
Safety	10	(1)
The Contracting Environment	11	(1)
Planning Equipment Utilization	12	(5)
Summary	14	(1)
Problems	14	(1)
References	15	(1)
Website Resources	15	(2)
Fundamental Concepts of Equipment Economics	17	(43)
Important Questions	17	(1)
Equipment Records	18	(1)
The Rent Paid for the Use of Money	19	(6)
Cost of Capital	25	(1)
Evaluating Investment Alternatives	26	(2)
Elements of Ownership Cost	28	(6)
Elements of Operating Cost	34	(5)
Cost for Bidding	39	(8)
Replacement Decisions	47	(1)
Rent and Lease Considerations	48	(12)
Summary	52	(1)
Problems	53	(5)
References	58	(1)
Website Resources	58	(2)
Planning for Earthwork Construction	60	(30)
Planning	60	(4)
Graphical Presentation of Earthwork	64	(3)
Earthwork Quantities	67	(8)
Mass Diagram	75	(2)
Using the Mass Diagram	77	(7)
Pricing Earthwork Operations	84	(6)
Summary	86	(1)
Problems	86	(3)
References	89	(1)
Website Resources	89	(1)
Soil and Rock	90	(25)
Introduction	90	(1)
Glossary of Terms	91	(1)
Soil and Rock Properties	91	(10)
Compaction Specification and Control	101	(1)
Introduction	101	(1)
Compaction Tests	102	(4)
Soil Processing	106	(9)
Summary	111	(1)
Problems	112	(1)
References	113	(1)
Website Resources	114	(1)
Compaction and Stabilization Equipment	115	(25)
Compaction of Soil and Rock	115	(1)
Glossary of Terms	116	(1)
Types of Compacting Equipment	116	(12)
Roller Production Estimating	128	(1)
Dynamic Compaction	129	(2)
Soil Stabilization	131	(1)
General Information	131	(2)
Stabilizing Soils with Lime	133	(1)
Cement-Soil Stabilization	134	(6)
Summary	138	(1)
Problems	138	(1)
References	139	(1)
Website Resources	139	(1)
Machine Equipment Power Requirements	140	(31)
General Information	140	(1)
Required Power	141	(7)
Available Power	148	(7)
Usable Power	155	(3)
Performance Charts	158	(13)
Summary	165	(1)
Problems	165	(4)
References	169	(1)
Website Resources	169	(2)
Dozers	171	(51)
Introduction	171	(1)
Performance Characteristics of Dozers	172	(6)
Pushing Material	178	(1)
General Information	178	(1)
Blades	178	(4)
Project Employment	182	(3)
Dozer Production Estimating	185	(6)
Dozer Production Estimating Format	191	(4)
Dozer Safety	195	(1)
Land Clearing	196	(1)
Land-Clearing Operations	196	(1)
Types of Equipment Used	196	(3)
Land-Clearing Production Estimating	199	(5)
Ripping Rock	204	(1)
Rippers	204	(1)
Determining the Rippability of Rock	205	(2)
Determining the Thickness and Strength of Rock Layers	207	(2)
Ripper Attachments	209	(2)
Ripper Production Estimates	211	(11)
Summary	213	(1)
Problems	214	(6)
References	220	(1)
Website Resources	220	(2)
Scrapers	222	(31)
General Information	222	(1)
Scraper Types	223	(5)
Scraper Operation	228	(1)
Scraper Performance Charts	229	(3)
Scraper Production Cycle	232	(1)
Scraper Production Estimating Format	233	(14)
Operational Considerations	247	(2)
Scraper Safety	249	(4)
Summary	250	(1)
Problems	250	(2)
References	252	(1)
Website Resources	252	(1)
Excavators	253	(43)
Hydraulic Excavators	253	(2)
Hydraulic Excavator Accidents	255	(2)
Front Shovels	257	(1)
General Information	257	(1)
Selecting a Front Shovel	258	(2)
Calculating Shovel Production	260	(1)
Height of Cut Effect on Shovel Production	261	(1)
Angle of Swing Effect on Shovel Production	262	(2)
Hoes	264	(1)
General Information	264	(3)
Bucket Rating for Hydraulic Hoes	267	(1)
Selecting a Hoe	268	(3)
Calculating Hoe Production	271	(3)
Loaders	274	(1)
General Information	274	(1)
Loader Buckets/Attachments	275	(2)
Operating Specifications	277	(2)
Loader Production Rates	279	(2)
Calculating Wheel Loader Production	281	(1)
Calculating Track Loader Production	282	(2)
Loader Safety	284	(1)
Specialty Excavators	284	(1)
Trenching Machines	284	(3)
Selecting Equipment for Excavating Trenches	287	(1)
Trenching Machine Production	287	(1)
Trench Safety	288	(1)
Backhoe-Loaders	289	(1)
Holland Loaders	290	(1)
Vac Excavators	290	(6)
Summary	291	(1)
Problems	292	(2)
References	294	(1)
Website Resources	295	(1)
Trucks and Hauling Equipment	296	(24)
Trucks	296	(2)
Rigid-Frame Rear-Dump Trucks	298	(1)
Articulated Rear-Dump Trucks	298	(2)
Tractors with Bottom-Dump Trailers	300	(1)
Capacities of Trucks and Hauling Equipment	301	(2)
Truck Size Affects Productivity	303	(2)
Calculating Truck Production	305	(4)
Production Issues	309	(1)
Tires	310	(2)
Truck Performance Calculations	312	(5)
Truck Safety	317	(3)
Summary	317	(1)
Problems	318	(1)
References	319	(1)
Website Resources	319	(1)
Finishing Equipment	320	(17)
Introduction	320	(1)
Graders	320	(1)
General Information	320	(4)
Grader Operations	324	(4)
Time Estimates	328	(1)
Fine Grading Production	329	(1)
Grader Safety	329	(1)
Gradalls	330	(1)
General Information	330	(2)
Safety	332	(1)
Trimmers	332	(1)
General Information	332	(1)
Operation	332	(2)
Production	334	(3)
Summary	334	(1)
Problems	334	(1)
References	335	(1)
Website Resources	336	(1)
Drilling Rock and Earth	337	(35)
Introduction	337	(1)
Glossary of Drilling Terms	338	(3)
Drill Bits	341	(1)
Rock Drills	342	(4)
Drilling Methods and Production	346	(4)
Estimating Drilling Production	350	(8)
GPS and Computer Monitoring Systems	358	(1)
Drilling Soil	359	(2)
Removal of Cuttings	361	(1)
Trenchless Technology	362	(5)
Safety	367	(5)
Summary	368	(1)
Problems	368	(2)
References	370	(1)
Website Resources	371	(1)
Blasting Rock	372	(35)
Blasting	372	(2)
Glossary of Blasting Terms	374	(1)
Commercial Explosives	375	(4)
Primers and Boosters	379	(1)
Initiating Systems	380	(2)
Rock Fragmentation	382	(1)
Blast Design	383	(12)
Powder Factor	395	(2)
Trench Rock	397	(1)
Breakage Control Techniques	397	(3)
Vibration	400	(1)
Safety	401	(6)
Summary	403	(1)
Problems	403	(2)
References	405	(1)
Website Resources	406	(1)
Aggregate Production	407	(36)
Introduction	407	(2)
Particle Size Reduction	409	(1)
General Information	409	(1)
Jaw Crushers	410	(5)
Gyratory Crushers	415	(4)
Roll Crushers	419	(5)
Impact Crushers	424	(1)
Special Aggregate Processing Units	425	(1)
Feeders	426	(1)
Surge Piles	427	(1)
Crushing Equipment Selection	428	(3)
Separation Into Particle Size Ranges	431	(1)
Scalping Crushed Stone	431	(1)
Screening Aggregate	432	(5)
Other Aggregate Processing Issues	437	(1)
Log Washers	437	(1)
Segregation	438	(1)
Safety	438	(5)
Summary	439	(1)
Problems	439	(2)
References	441	(1)
Website Resources	442	(1)
Asphalt Mix Production and Placement	443	(40)
Introduction	443	(1)
Glossary of Asphalt Terms	444	(2)
Structure of Asphalt Pavements	446	(1)
Flexible Pavements	447	(6)
Asphalt Concrete	453	(1)
Asphalt Plants	454	(1)
General Information	454	(1)
Batch Plants	455	(5)
Drum Mix Plants	460	(2)
Dust Collectors	462	(1)
Asphalt Storage and Heating	463	(1)
Reclaiming and Recycling	464	(1)
Paving Equipment	465	(1)
Sweeper/Broom	466	(1)
Haul Trucks	466	(1)
Asphalt Distributors	467	(1)
Asphalt Pavers	468	(6)
Compaction Equipment	474	(5)
Safety	479	(4)
Summary	479	(1)
Problems	480	(1)
References	481	(1)
Website Resources	482	(1)
Concrete and Concrete Equipment	483	(50)
Introduction	483	(2)
Concrete Mixtures	485	(1)
Proportioning Concrete Mixtures	485	(1)
Fresh Concrete	485	(1)
Batching Concrete Materials	486	(4)
Mixing Concrete	490	(1)
Concrete Mixing Techniques	490	(6)
Ready-Mixed Concrete	496	(4)
Central-Mixed Concrete	500	(2)
Placing Concrete	502	(1)
Buckets	502	(2)
Manual or Motor-Propelled Buggies	504	(1)
Chutes and Drop Pipes	504	(1)
Belt Conveyors	504	(1)
Concrete Pumps	505	(9)
Consolidating and Finishing	514	(1)
Consolidating Concrete	514	(3)
Finishing and Curing Concrete	517	(2)
Concrete Pavements	519	(1)
Slipform Paving	519	(4)
Additional Applications and Considerations	523	(1)
Roller-Compacted Concrete	523	(1)
Shotcreting	524	(1)
Fly Ash	525	(1)
Placing Concrete in Cold Weather	526	(1)
Placing Concrete in Hot Weather	527	(1)
Safety	527	(1)
Pumping Concrete	527	(6)
Summary	528	(1)
Problems	528	(2)
References	530	(1)
Website Resources	531	(2)
Cranes	533	(47)
Major Crane Types	533	(2)
Mobil Cranes	535	(1)
Crawler Cranes	535	(3)
Telescoping-Boom Truck-Mounted Cranes	538	(1)
Lattice-Boom Truck-Mounted Cranes	539	(1)
Rough-Terrain Cranes	540	(1)
All-Terrain Cranes	541	(1)
Modified Cranes for Heavy Lifting	542	(2)
Crane Booms	544	(1)
Lifting Capacities of Cranes	544	(1)
Rated Loads for Lattice-and Telescopic-Boom Cranes	545	(3)
Working Ranges of Cranes	548	(2)
Tower Cranes	550	(1)
Classification	550	(4)
Operation	554	(8)
Tower Crane Selection	562	(1)
Rated Loads for Tower Cranes	563	(4)
Rigging	567	(1)
Rigging Basics	567	(3)
Slings	570	(2)
Safety	572	(1)
Crane Accidents	572	(2)
Safety Plans and Programs	574	(1)
Zones of Responsibility	575	(5)
Summary	576	(1)
Problems	577	(1)
References	578	(1)
Website Resources	578	(2)
Draglines and Clamshells	580	(20)
Introduction	580	(1)
Draglines	581	(1)
General Information	581	(1)
Description of a Dragline	582	(3)
Dragline Production	585	(3)
Calculating Dragline Production	588	(1)
Factors Affecting Dragline Production	589	(4)
Clamshell Excavators	593	(1)
General Information	593	(1)
Clamshell Buckets	594	(1)
Production Rates for Clamshells	595	(2)
Safety	597	(3)
Summary	598	(1)
Problems	598	(1)
References	599	(1)
Website Resources	599	(1)
Piles and Pile-Driving Equipment	600	(39)
Introduction	600	(1)
Glossary of Terms	600	(2)
Pile Types	602	(1)
Classifications of Piles	602	(1)
Timber Piles	603	(1)
Concrete Piles	604	(6)
Steel Piles	610	(1)
Composite Piles	611	(1)
Sheet Piles	612	(6)
Driving Piles	618	(1)
The Resistance of Piles to Penetration	618	(1)
Site Investigation and Test Pile Program	618	(2)
Pile Hammers	620	(10)
Supporting and Positioning Piles during Driving	630	(2)
Jetting Piles	632	(1)
Spudding and Preaugering	633	(1)
Hammer Selection	633	(3)
Pile-Driving Safety	636	(3)
Summary	637	(1)
Problems	638	(1)
References	638	(1)
Website Resources	638	(1)
Air Compressors and Pumps	639	(36)
Support Equipment	639	(1)
Compressed Air	640	(1)
Introduction	640	(1)
Glossary of Gas Law Terms	641	(1)
Gas Laws	642	(2)
Glossary of Air Compressor Terms	644	(1)
Air Compressors	644	(2)
Compressed-Air Distribution System	646	(6)
Diversity Factor	652	(1)
Safety	653	(2)
Equipment for Pumping Water	655	(1)
Introduction	655	(1)
Glossary of Pumping Terms	656	(1)
Classification of Pumps	657	(1)
Centrifugal Pumps	658	(6)
Loss of Head Due to Friction in Pipe	664	(1)
Rubber Hose	665	(1)
Selecting a Pump	665	(3)
Wellpoint Systems	668	(2)
Deep Wells	670	(5)
Summary	670	(1)
Problems	671	(3)
References	674	(1)
Website Resources	674	(1)
Planning for Building Construction	675	(28)
Introduction	675	(2)
Site Layout	677	(6)
Lifting and Support Equipment	683	(3)
Delivery of Structural Components	686	(2)
Steel Erection	688	(1)
Tilt-Up Construction	689	(3)
Control of Construction Nuisances	692	(1)
Construction Noise	692	(2)
Noise Mitigation	694	(3)
Lighting	697	(1)
Dust	698	(1)
Vibration	698	(5)
Summary	699	(1)
Problems	700	(1)
References	701	(1)
Website Resources	702	(1)
Forming Systems	703	(48)
Classification	703	(2)
Formwork and the Project Engineer	705	(2)
Formwork Design	707	(4)
Formwork Economics	711	(7)
Vertical Systems	718	(9)
Horizontal Systems	727	(6)
Combined Vertical and Horizontal Systems	733	(5)
Shoring Towers	738	(7)
Safety	745	(6)
Summary	747	(1)
Problems	748	(1)
References	749	(1)
Website Resources	750	(1)
Appendix A Alphabetical List of Units with Their SI Names and Conversion Factors	751	(2)
Appendix B Selected English-to-SI Conversion Factors	753	(1)
Appendix C Selected U.S. Customary (English) Unit Equivalents	754	(1)
Appendix D Selected Metric Unit Equivalents	755	(1)
Index	756