Contemporary Behavior Therapy

by Spiegler, Michael D.; Guevremont, David C.

• ISBN13: 9780534546519
• ISBN10: 053454651X
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-08-02
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This respected up-to-date survey of contemporary behavior therapy synthesizes the clinical, research, theoretical, and ethical facets of behavior therapy. It is simultaneously an introduction for beginning students and a scholarly review and resource for advanced students. The book is comprehensive, covering all the major behavior therapies. The wealth of case studies illustrate the application of behavior therapy techniques to a wide array of problems and clinical populations. The text's multidisciplinary approach includes applications to diverse fields, including psychology, education, social work, nursing, and rehabilitation.

Table of Contents

PART I BASIC PRINCIPLES
What is Behavior Therapy?	3	(12)
Terminology and Scope	5	(1)
What Is Behavior Therapy? Defining Themes and Characteristics	5	(4)
Scientific	6	(1)
Active	6	(1)
Present Focus	7	(1)
Learning Focus	7	(1)
Other Common Characteristics of Behavior Therapy	8	(1)
Therapist-Client Relationship in Behavior Therapy	9	(1)
Many Varieties of Behavior Therapy	9	(2)
Ethical Issues in Behavior Therapy	11	(1)
Purpose of This Book	12	(1)
Summary	13	(1)
Reference Notes	13	(2)
Antecedents of Contemporary Behavior Therapy	15	(14)
Historical Precursors	16	(1)
Early Experimental Work	16	(3)
Growing Discontent with Psychoanalysis	19	(1)
Formal Beginnings of Contemporary Behavior Therapy	20	(2)
Developments in North America	20	(1)
Developments in South Africa	21	(1)
Developments in Great Britain	22	(1)
Early Ethical Concerns about Behavior Therapy	22	(1)
Acceptance and Growth of Behavior Therapy	23	(2)
Emergence of Behavior Therapy	25	(1)
Summary	26	(1)
Reference Notes	27	(2)
The Behavioral Model	29	(16)
We Are What We Do: Preeminence of Behavior	30	(4)
Overt and Covert Behaviors	30	(1)
Covert Behaviors: Special Considerations	31	(1)
Behavioral versus Trait Descriptions	32	(2)
Why Do We Behave the Way We Do?	34	(9)
The ABC Model	35	(4)
Present Maintaining Conditions versus Past Originating Conditions: A Critical Distinction	39	(1)
Learning and Environment versus Heredity and Biology	40	(3)
Summary	43	(1)
Reference Notes	44	(1)
The Process of Behavior Therapy	45	(30)
Defining Themes and Common Characteristics of Behavior Therapy in Case 4-1	49	(1)
The Process of Behavior Therapy: An Overview	49	(2)
Step 1: Clarifying the Problem	51	(1)
Step 2: Formulating Initial Treatment Goals	51	(1)
Step 3: Designing a Target Behavior	52	(6)
Characteristics of Good Target Behaviors	52	(2)
Two Types of Target Behaviors: Acceleration and Deceleration	54	(4)
Measuring the Target Behavior	58	(1)
Step 4: Identifying Maintaining Conditions	58	(1)
Steps 5 and 6: Designing and Implementing a Treatment Plan	59	(1)
Steps 7 and 8: Evaluating the Success of Therapy and Follow-up Assessment	60	(1)
Behavior Therapy Research	60	(8)
Case Studies	61	(1)
Single-Subject Studies	61	(3)
Experiments	64	(4)
What Constitutes Effective Behavior Therapy?	68	(4)
Meaningfulness of Change	70	(1)
Transfer and Generalization of Change	70	(1)
Durability of Change	71	(1)
Acceptability of the Therapy	71	(1)
Summary	72	(2)
Reference Notes	74	(1)
Behavioral Assessment	75	(36)
Multimethod and Multimodal Assessment	76	(3)
Characteristics of Behavioral Assessment	79	(3)
Individualized	80	(1)
Present Focus	81	(1)
Directly Samples Relevant Behaviors	81	(1)
Narrow Focus	82	(1)
Integrated with Therapy	82	(1)
Behavioral Interviews	82	(2)
Direct Self-Report Inventories	84	(3)
Self-Recording	87	(4)
Reactivity	88	(3)
Behavioral Checklists and Rating Scales	91	(3)
Systematic Naturalistic Observation	94	(3)
Simulated Observation	97	(3)
Role-Playing	100	(1)
Physiological Measurements	100	(5)
All Things Considered: Behavioral Assessment	105	(1)
Summary	106	(2)
Reference Notes	108	(3)
PART II BEHAVIOR THERAPY	111	(266)
Stimulus Control and Reinforcement Therapy	113	(28)
Stimulus Control: Antecedents That Elicit Behaviors	114	(4)
Prompting	114	(2)
Setting Events	116	(1)
Stimulus Control in Perspective	117	(1)
Reinforcement: Consequences That Accelerate Behaviors	118	(20)
What Is Reinforcement?	118	(1)
Positive and Negative Reinforcement	119	(1)
Categories of Positive Reinforcers	120	(3)
Premack Principle	123	(3)
Identifying Reinforcers	126	(4)
Alternatives to Identifying Reinforcers	130	(1)
Administering Reinforcers	130	(3)
Shaping	133	(3)
Reinforcement Therapy in Perspective	136	(2)
Summary	138	(1)
Reference Notes	139	(2)
Deceleration Behavior Therapy	141	(35)
Differential Reinforcement: Indirectly Decelerating Undesirable Behaviors	142	(4)
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors	142	(1)
Differential Reinforcement of Competing Behaviors	143	(1)
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors	143	(1)
Differential Reinforcement of Low Response Rates	144	(1)
Variants of Differential Reinforcement	144	(2)
Deceleration Behavior Therapy: Directly Decelerating Undesirable Behaviors	146	(1)
Consequential Deceleration Therapy	146	(17)
Extinction	146	(3)
Time Out from Positive Reinforcement	149	(2)
Response Cost	151	(3)
Overcorrection	154	(3)
Physically Aversive Consequences	157	(4)
Guidelines for the Effective Use of Consequential Deceleration Therapy	161	(2)
Aversion Therapy	163	(3)
Basic Procedures	163	(3)
Covert Sensitization	166	(1)
Ethical Issues in the Use of Aversive Therapies	166	(4)
Misconceptions about Aversive Procedures in Behavior Therapy	167	(1)
Principle of Utility	168	(1)
Misuse, Abuse, and Safeguards	169	(1)
All Things Considered: Deceleration Behavior Therapy	170	(1)
Summary	171	(2)
Reference Notes	173	(3)
Token Economy, Contingency Contract, and Behavioral Child Management Training	176	(26)
Token Economy	177	(17)
What Is a Token Economy?	177	(1)
Basic Elements	177	(1)
The Community Training Center: A Token Economy for Patients with Chronic Psychiatric Disorders	178	(4)
Achievement Place: A Token Economy for Juveniles in Trouble with the Law	182	(3)
Token Economies for Training Individuals with Mental Retardation	185	(1)
Token Economies in the Classroom	186	(2)
Token Economies for Individuals	188	(4)
Token Economy in Perspective	192	(2)
Contingency Contract	194	(2)
Behavioral Child Management Training	196	(2)
Summary	198	(1)
Reference Notes	199	(3)
Brief/Graduated Exposure Therapy	202	(34)
Standard Systematic Desensitization	204	(10)
Muscle Relaxation as a Competing Response to Anxiety	205	(1)
Constructing an Anxiety Hierarchy	206	(4)
The Desensitization Process	210	(3)
Essential and Facilitative Components of Systematic Desensitization	213	(1)
Variations of Standard Systematic Desensitization	214	(4)
Other Competing Responses	214	(1)
Other Target Behaviors	214	(2)
Group Systematic Desensitization	216	(1)
Coping Desensitization	216	(1)
Interoceptive Exposure for Panic Attacks	217	(1)
Systematic Desensitization in Perspective	218	(3)
Efficiency of Systematic Desensitization	218	(1)
Effectiveness of Systematic Desensitization	218	(3)
In Vivo Exposure Therapy	221	(5)
Self-Managed In Vivo Exposure	224	(2)
In Vivo Exposure Therapy in Perspective	226	(1)
Exposure Therapy through Virtual Reality	227	(4)
All Things Considered: Brief/Graduated Exposure Therapy	231	(1)
Summary	232	(1)
Reference Notes	233	(3)
Prolonged/Intense Exposure Therapy	236	(24)
In Vivo Flooding	238	(4)
Imaginal Flooding	242	(8)
Implosive Therapy	245	(2)
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing	247	(3)
All Things Considered: Prolonged/Intense Exposure Therapy	250	(2)
All Things Considered: Exposure Therapy	252	(4)
Summary	256	(1)
Reference Notes	257	(3)
Modeling Therapy and Skills Training	260	(41)
Do What I Do: Basics of Modeling	261	(6)
Self-Modeling	264	(2)
The Nature of Modeling Therapy	266	(1)
Skills Training	267	(6)
Preventing Abduction and Sexual Abuse Through Skills Training	271	(2)
Social Skills Training	273	(5)
Social Skills Training with Children and Adolescents	273	(2)
Social Skills Training for Adults with Schizophrenia	275	(2)
Promoting Transfer and Generalization in Social Skills Training	277	(1)
Assertion Training	278	(8)
Assessing Assertive Behavior Deficits	279	(2)
Assertion Training Procedures	281	(5)
Vicarious Extinction: Reducing Fear by Modeling	286	(8)
Live Modeling to Reduce Fear	287	(2)
Film/Video Modeling to Reduce Fear	289	(3)
Storytelling to Reduce Fear and Other Negative Emotions	292	(2)
All Things Considered: Modeling Therapy and Skills Training	294	(2)
Summary	296	(1)
Reference Notes	297	(4)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Cognitive Restructuring	301	(41)
The Nature of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	302	(4)
Operationalizing Cognitions: Making Private Thoughts Public	303	(2)
Assessing Cognitions	305	(1)
Thought Stopping	306	(2)
Thought Stopping in Perspective	308	(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	308	(10)
The Rational Emotive Theory of Psychological Disorders	309	(3)
The Process of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy	312	(4)
Rational Emotive Education	316	(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy in Perspective	317	(1)
Cognitive Therapy	318	(17)
The Cognitive Therapy Theory of Psychological Disorders	319	(2)
The Process of Cognitive Therapy	321	(1)
Cognitive Interventions	322	(1)
Overt Behavioral Interventions	323	(3)
Cognitive Therapy for Anxiety-Related Disorders	326	(1)
Cognitive Therapy for Schizophrenic Delusions and Hallucinations	327	(2)
Schema-Focused Cognitive Therapy	329	(3)
Adaptations of Cognitive Therapy to Diverse Populations	332	(1)
Cognitive Therapy in Perspective	333	(2)
All Things Considered: Cognitive Restructuring Therapy	335	(2)
Summary	337	(2)
Reference Notes	339	(3)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Coping Skills	342	(35)
Self-Instructional Training	343	(6)
Enhancing the Effects of Self-Instructional Training	347	(1)
Self-Instructional Training in Perspective	348	(1)
Problem-Solving Therapy/Training	349	(10)
Basic Procedures	350	(3)
Teaching Problem-Solving Skills to Clients	353	(1)
Problem-Solving Therapy/Training for Children	354	(1)
Problem-Solving Therapy/Training in Perspective	355	(4)
Stress Inoculation Training	359	(7)
Basic Procedures	359	(5)
Stress Inoculation Training in Perspective	364	(2)
Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy	366	(5)
Training in Communication and Problem-Solving Skills	366	(1)
Increasing Positive Behavior Exchanges	366	(1)
Training in Cognitive Restructuring	367	(1)
Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy and the Goal of Acceptance	368	(2)
Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy in Perspective	370	(1)
All Things Considered: Cognitive-Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy	371	(1)
All Things Considered: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	372	(1)
Summary	372	(2)
Reference Notes	374	(3)
PART III BROADER APPLICATIONS AND ISSUES	377	(95)
Applications to Behavioral Medicine	379	(35)
Treatment of Medical Disorders	380	(16)
Essential Hypertension	381	(8)
Chronic Pain	389	(6)
Medically Unexplained Symptoms	395	(1)
Adherence to Medical Regimens	396	(4)
Taking Medication	397	(2)
Engaging in Health-Related Behaviors	399	(1)
Keeping Medical Appointments	400	(1)
Coping with Medical/Dental Procedures and Illness	400	(4)
Prevention of Physical Illness	404	(3)
Cardiovascular Disease	404	(1)
Women's Health Care	404	(1)
HIV/AIDS	405	(2)
All Things Considered: Behavioral Medicine Applications	407	(2)
Summary	409	(1)
Reference Notes	410	(4)
Applications to Psychological Disorders With Primary Physical Characteristics	414	(32)
Enuresis	415	(6)
Urine Alarm	416	(1)
Dry-Bed Training	417	(3)
Dry-Pants Method	420	(1)
Tic Disorders and Nervous Habits	421	(3)
Habit Reversal for Tics	422	(1)
Habit Reversal for Nervous Habits	423	(1)
Insomnia	424	(8)
Infant and Childhood Sleep Problems	425	(1)
Adult Insomnia	426	(6)
Bulimia Nervosa	432	(2)
Addictive Behaviors	434	(5)
Relapse Prevention	436	(3)
All Things Considered: Applications of Behavior Therapy to Psychological Disorders with Primary Physical Characteristics	439	(1)
Summary	440	(2)
Reference Notes	442	(4)
Contemporary Behavior Therapy in Perspective: Strengths, Challenges, and Controversies	446	(26)
Major Strengths of Behavior Therapy	447	(4)
Precision in Specifying Goals, Target Behaviors, and Therapy Procedures	447	(1)
Effectiveness and Accountability	448	(1)
Efficiency	449	(1)
Breadth and Complexity of Applications	450	(1)
Ethical Practices in Behavior Therapy	451	(1)
Challenges	451	(11)
Enhancing Durability of Change	452	(2)
Preventing Psychological Disorders and Problems	454	(1)
Treating Culturally Diverse Clients	455	(2)
Providing Behavior Therapy for Elderly Clients	457	(2)
Employing Technology in Behavior Therapy	459	(1)
Promoting Widespread Use of Empirically Supported Behavior Therapies	460	(2)
Current Controversies	462	(3)
Effects of Psychotherapy Integration	463	(1)
Premature Acceptance of Therapies	464	(1)
Behavior Therapy's Identity Crisis	465	(1)
All Things Considered: Behavior Therapy	465	(3)
Summary	468	(1)
Reference Notes	469	(3)
Appendix Guidelines for Choosing a Behavior Therapist	472	(6)
Glossary of Behavior Therapy Terms	478	(7)
Glossary of Psychological Disorders and Problems	485	(3)
References	488	(65)
Name Index	553	(23)
Subject Index	576