Contemporary Drug Information An Evidence-Based Approach

by Gaebelein, Claude J.; Gleason, Brenda L.

• ISBN13: 9780781782807
• ISBN10: 0781782805
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-08-06
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This innovative textbook teaches the basics of drug information, literature evaluation, and biostatistics, and relates these topics to evidence-based pharmaceutical care. Readers will learn what to look for in studies, how to critique them, and how to apply them in clinical pharmacy practice. A major focus is critical appraisal of evidence derived from different types of studiescases, cohorts, surveys, randomized controlled clinical trials, pharmacoeconomic studies, and systematic reviews. Concluding chapters discuss clinical decision-making using evidence from studies.

Table of Contents

A Framework for Evaluating Contemporary Healthcare Information
Integrating Drug Information, Literature Evaluation, and Biostatistics to Provide Evidence-Based Pharmaceutical Care	p. 2
The Triad of Skills	p. 4
Integrating the Skill Triad into Routine Clinical Situations	p. 6
Asking and Answering Drug Information Questions	p. 13
A Systematic Approach to Providing Drug Information	p. 14
Putting It all Together-Practicing the Systematic Approach	p. 31
Ethics and Legalities of Providing Drug Information	p. 35
Tools for Evaluating Contemporary Healthcare Information
Overview of Research Designs Used to Answer Drug Information Questions	p. 44
Descriptive Research Designs	p. 45
Observational Research Designs	p. 46
Randomized Controlled Trial Study Designs	p. 56
Pharmacoeconomics Study Designs	p. 61
Systematic Reviews	p. 62
Applying the Results from Healthcare Research Designs	p. 64
Biostatistics Concepts-The Building Blocks for Evaluating Biostatistical Methods in Clinical Research	p. 68
Properties of Variables	p. 71
Distributions of Numbers	p. 73
Describing Data	p. 76
Foundations of Statistical Inference	p. 83
Probability	p. 86
Probability Distributions	p. 91
Sampling Distributions	p. 97
Hypothesis Testing	p. 101
Putting It All Together-Understanding the Rationale for Statistical Inference	p. 106
Effect Size of Statistically Significant Differences	p. 107
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Cases	p. 111
Case Study and Case Series Designs	p. 112
The Case-Control Study Design	p. 113
Expressing Associations Using Case-Control Study Designs	p. 115
Analyzing Nominal and Ordinal Data	p. 119
How to Evaluate Evidence from a Case-Control Study	p. 132
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Cohorts and Surveys	p. 141
Cohort Study Design	p. 142
How to Evaluate Evidence from a Cohort Study Design	p. 144
Relationships among Variables	p. 149
Cross-Sectional Study Design	p. 160
How to Evaluate a Cross-Sectional Study	p. 162
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials	p. 168
Types of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials	p. 170
Methodological Considerations	p. 177
How to Evaluate Evidence from a Clinical Trial Design	p. 192
How a Pharmacist Might Use Critical Evaluation of RCTs to Provide Drug Information	p. 200
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Pharmacoeconomics Studies	p. 205
The Pharmacoeconomics Question	p. 206
The Research Question and General Information	p. 210
Costs and Outcomes	p. 212
Types of Pharmacoeconomics Analyses	p. 215
Evidence and Data Collection	p. 221
External Validity and Application to the Pharmacoeconomics Question	p. 234
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Systematic Reviews	p. 237
Quantitative Systematic Reviews (Meta-Analyses)	p. 238
How to Evaluate a Meta-Analysis	p. 253
Qualitative Systematic Reviews	p. 259
Clinical Decision Making Using Contemporary Healthcare Information
Evaluating and Implementing Practice Guidelines	p. 266
Limitations of Implementing Clinical Practice Guidelines	p. 268
Methods for Clinical Practice Guideline Development	p. 269
Evaluating Clinical Practice Guidelines	p. 273
The Pharmacist's Role in Implementing Guidelines	p. 282
Using Practice Guidelines to Make Clinical Decisions	p. 284
Keeping Current with the Medical Literature-Becoming an Information Master	p. 289
A Patient Centered Strategy for Distilling Clinically Relevant Information	p. 290
Foraging through the Medical Literature	p. 295
Maintaining Literature Evaluation Skills	p. 300
Drug Information Tables	p. 303
Statistical Tables	p. 310
Reprints of Critiqued Articles	p. 317
Glossary	p. 345
Index	p. 358
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