Contemporary Perspectives on the Psychology of Attitudes

by Haddock,Geoffrey

• ISBN13: 9781841693262
• ISBN10: 184169326X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-10-28
• Publisher: Psychology Pres

Summary

Attitudes research has long formed a central construct in social psychology. This volume draws together cutting edge research that has emerged in this field and examines its implications for the concept of attitude as a paradigm of social psychological understanding. Dividing the subject into two main parts, this book first addresses the structural and behavioural properties of attitudes including affective-cognitive factors, the nature of attitude ambivalence and intention-behaviour relations. The second section of the book focuses on representational and transformational processes, such as meta-cognitive attitudinal processes, the role of implicit and explicit attitudes, cultural influences and attitude change. In a third, concluding section, the Editors draw together these contemporary perspectives and elaborate on their impact for future theorising and research into attitudes. Empirically supported throughout, this collection represents a timely integration of the burgeoning range of approaches toattitude research by expert contributors to the field.

Table of Contents

List of tables	xi
List of figures	xiii
List of contributors	xvi
Introduction and overview	1	(3)
Geoffrey Haddock
Gregory R. Maio
Acknowledgments	4	(1)
References	5	(2)
PART I Attitudes, attitude properties, and behavior	7	(196)
The function-structure model of attitudes: Incorporating the need for affect	9	(26)
Gregory R. Maio
Victoria M. Esses
Karin Arnold
James M. Olson
Introduction	9	(1)
The function-structure model	9	(6)
The need for affect	15	(4)
Implications for attitudinal processes	19	(7)
Directions for future research and conclusions	26	(3)
References	29	(6)
Individual differences in attitude structure	35	(22)
Geoffrey Haddock
Thomas L. H. Huskinson
Defining the attitude concept	36	(1)
Relevant importance of affective and cognitive information in predicting attitudes	37	(1)
Intra-attitudinal consistency	38	(2)
Are affective and cognitive information equally important across individuals?	40	(1)
Existence of individual differences in attitude structure: Some research findings	41	(6)
Outcomes associated with individual differences in attitude structure	47	(5)
Summary and directions for future research	52	(2)
Acknowledgments	54	(1)
References	54	(3)
A theory about the translation of cognition into affect and behavior	57	(20)
David Trafimow
Paschal Sheeran
Affective and cognitive attitude components	57	(4)
A theory about the translation of cognition into affect and behavior	61	(12)
Conclusion	73	(1)
References	73	(4)
Hold still while I measure your attitude: Assessment in the throes of ambivalence	77	(16)
Steven J. Breckler
Brief history of ambivalence assessment	77	(4)
Prevalence of ambivalence	81	(3)
From ambivalence to multivalence	84	(2)
Assessment of attitude multivalence	86	(3)
Summary	89	(1)
References	90	(3)
Attitude ambivalence in the realm of politics	93	(28)
Howard Lavine
Ambivalence and the attitude response process	95	(2)
Candidate ambivalence and electoral decision making	97	(9)
Group ambivalence and electoral decision making	106	(7)
Implications and conclusions	113	(3)
References	116	(5)
The effects of attitudinal ambivalence on attention--intention--behavior relations	121	(24)
Christopher J. Armitage
Mark Conner
Introduction	121	(1)
Attitudinal ambivalence	122	(5)
Attitudes-as-constructions model	127	(1)
Behavioral intentions as mediators of the attitude-behavior relationship	128	(2)
Attitude-intention relationship	130	(2)
Attitude-behavior relationship	132	(3)
Intention-behavior relationship	135	(4)
Intra- and inter-component ambivalence	139	(1)
Summary and conclusions	140	(1)
References	140	(5)
Intention--behavior relations: A self-regulation perspective	145	(24)
Sheina Orbell
Attitudes, intentions and behavior	145	(1)
How strong is the relationship between intention and behavior?	146	(1)
Origins of the ``gap'' between intentions and behavior	147	(3)
Do variables in deliberative models discriminate intenders who act from intenders who do not act?	150	(1)
Substantive explanations for poor correspondence between intention and behavior	151	(1)
Self-regulation: Turning intentions into action	152	(7)
Self-regulation and pursuit of complex goals	159	(3)
Concluding remarks	162	(1)
References	163	(6)
An alternative view of pre-volitional processes in decision making: Conceptual issues and empirical evidence	169	(34)
Marco Perugini
Richard P. Bagozzi
Automatic approaches to attitudes	169	(2)
Deliberative approaches to attitudes	171	(2)
An alternative view of pre-volitional processes in decision making	173	(1)
Automatic processes	174	(1)
Affective processes	175	(3)
Motivational processes	178	(3)
Model of goal-directed behavior	181	(3)
Means--end analysis	184	(1)
Extended model of goal-directed behavior	185	(1)
Why two models?	186	(1)
Empirical evidence	187	(5)
Conclusions	192	(3)
Acknowledgments	195	(1)
References	195	(8)
PART II Attitude awareness, attitude representations, and change	203	(220)
Self-validation processes: The role of thought confidence in persuasion	205	(22)
Pablo Brinol
Richard E. Petty
Meta-cognitive responses	206	(1)
Confidence in thoughts and persuasion	207	(4)
Thought confidence and other thought dimensions	211	(2)
Implications of self-validation	213	(1)
Applying self-validation to various persuasion phenomena	214	(5)
Conclusions: A new role for variables in persuasion	219	(3)
References	222	(5)
Coping with invalid messages by increasing or decreasing processing complexity	227	(24)
Yaacov Schul
Uncovering deception in interpersonal interactions	228	(2)
Discounting invalid messages	230	(5)
Preparing to cope with invalid messages	235	(8)
Summary and speculation	243	(1)
Acknowledgments	244	(1)
References	245	(6)
The value-account model of attitude formation	251	(24)
Tilmann Betsch
Henning Plessner
Elke Schallies
Introduction	251	(2)
Value-account model of attitude formation	253	(5)
Empirical evidence	258	(10)
Discussion	268	(3)
Acknowledgments	271	(1)
References	271	(4)
The relationship between implicit attitudes and behavior: Some lessons from the past, and directions for the future	275	(24)
Patrick T. Vargas
Measuring explicit attitudes, and explicit attitude--behavior relations	276	(3)
The relationship between explicit and implicit attitude measures	279	(2)
Unconfounding measures and underlying processes	281	(1)
Classic work on deliberative, implicit (indirect) measures	282	(1)
Deliberative implicit measures should predict behavior	283	(2)
Research using deliberative implicit attitude measures	285	(5)
Some new developments	290	(1)
Classes of measures and multiple indicators	291	(1)
Conclusions	292	(1)
Acknowledgments	293	(1)
References	294	(5)
The role of exemplar stability in attitude consistency and attitude change	299	(26)
Charles G. Lord
The attitude-behavior problem	299	(2)
The attitude--object problem	301	(1)
One explanation for both problems	302	(3)
Attitude variance	305	(1)
Exemplars and attitude variance	306	(2)
Consequences for attitude-behavior consistency	308	(4)
Consequences for attitude change	312	(5)
Concluding remarks	317	(2)
References	319	(6)
Putting Humpty together again: Attitude organization from a connectionist perspective	325	(20)
J. Richard Eiser
Attitude organization before the fall	326	(2)
Did Humpty jump, or was he pushed?	328	(1)
Attitude organization after the fall	329	(1)
Why simulate?	330	(1)
Why connectionism?	331	(2)
Simulating Heiderian balance in multiperson groups	333	(4)
Simulating attitude learning	337	(3)
Attitudes as dynamic systems	340	(2)
References	342	(3)
Connectionist modeling of attitudes and cognitive dissonance	345	(30)
Karen Jordens
Frank Van Overwalle
A short history of attitude models	346	(3)
An adaptive connectionist model of attitudes and cognitive dissonance	349	(4)
Model simulations	353	(11)
Empirical validation of the cognitive dissonance model	364	(3)
General discussion	367	(3)
References	370	(5)
Investigating attitudes cross-culturally: A case of cognitive dissonance among East Asians and North Americans	375	(24)
Etsuko Hoshino-Browne
Adam S. Zanna
Steven J. Spencer
Mark P. Zanna
Introduction	375	(9)
Empirical evidence for the third generation of cross-cultural research on attitudes	384	(10)
Conclusion	394	(2)
Acknowledgments	396	(1)
References	396	(3)
The parametric unimodel as a theory of persuasion	399	(24)
Arie W. Kruglanski
Ayelet Fishbach
Hans-Peter Erb
Antonio Pierro
Lucia Mannetti
Persuasion according to the unimodel	401	(14)
Conclusion	415	(3)
References	418	(5)
PART III Some final thoughts	423	(31)
Theories of attitude: Creating a witches' brew	425	(29)
Gregory R. Maio
Geoffrey Haddock
Lay versus social psychological conceptualisations of attitude	425	(1)
The three witches in theories of attitude	426	(8)
An agenda for theories of attitude	434	(12)
Conclusion	446	(1)
References	446	(8)
Author index	454	(10)
Subject index	464