Values in Family Planning | p. 1 |
The Menstrual Cycle | p. 7 |
Menstrual Cycle Regulation | p. 8 |
The Integrated Cycle | p. 10 |
Fertilization and Implantation | p. 14 |
Choosing a Contraceptive: Efficacy, Safety, and Personal Considerations | p. 19 |
Efficacy: "Will it Work?" | p. 22 |
Safety: "Will It Hurt Me?" | p. 34 |
Noncontraceptive Benefits | p. 38 |
Personal Considerations | p. 41 |
Medical Eligibility Criteria | p. 49 |
Methodology | p. 50 |
How to Use the Recommendations | p. 52 |
Keeping Criteria Up to Date | p. 55 |
Abstinence and the Range of Sexual Expression | p. 81 |
The Range of Sexual Expression | p. 83 |
Indications for Abstinence or Other Forms of Sexual Expression | p. 84 |
Instructions for Using Abstinence for Contraception or STI Protection | p. 85 |
Emergency Contraception | p. 87 |
History | p. 88 |
Future Potential for Emergency Contraceptive Use | p. 90 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 94 |
Effectiveness | p. 96 |
Advantages and Indications | p. 97 |
Side Effects | p. 99 |
Cautions | p. 100 |
Providing Emergency Contraception | p. 102 |
Instructions for Using Emergency Contraception | p. 109 |
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) | p. 117 |
Options in the United States | p. 118 |
Effectiveness | p. 119 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 120 |
Advantages of Intrauterine Contraception | p. 121 |
Disadvantages of Intrauterine Contraception | p. 122 |
Providing the IUD | p. 128 |
Managing Problems and Follow-Up | p. 139 |
Contraceptive Implants | p. 145 |
Effectiveness | p. 146 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 147 |
Advantages | p. 148 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 149 |
Providing the Method | p. 152 |
Managing Problems and Follow-Up | p. 154 |
User Instructions | p. 154 |
Injectable Contraceptives | p. 157 |
Effectiveness | p. 158 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 158 |
Advantages | p. 159 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 161 |
Providing DMPA | p. 168 |
Managing DMPA Problems and Follow-Up | p. 169 |
Instructions for Using DMPA | p. 170 |
Progestin-Only Pills | p. 181 |
Effectiveness | p. 181 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 182 |
Advantages | p. 183 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 184 |
Providing the Method | p. 186 |
Managing Problems and Follow-Up | p. 188 |
User Instructions | p. 188 |
Combined Oral Contraceptives | p. 193 |
Hormones in Combined Oral Contraceptives | p. 194 |
Mechanisms of Action | p. 197 |
Effectiveness | p. 198 |
Cost | p. 199 |
Oral Contraceptive Formulations | p. 200 |
Advantages and Indications | p. 201 |
Non-Contraceptive Applications for COCS | p. 209 |
Disadvantages and Health Complications | p. 210 |
Providing Oral Contraceptives | p. 224 |
Managing Side Effects | p. 240 |
Instructions for Using Oral Contraceptives | p. 249 |
Contraceptive Patch and Vaginal Contraceptive Ring | p. 271 |
Contraceptive Patch | p. 271 |
Description of Method | p. 271 |
Effectiveness | p. 272 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 272 |
Advantages | p. 272 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 274 |
Providing the Method | p. 276 |
Managing Problems and Follow Up | p. 279 |
User Instructions | p. 280 |
Vaginal Contraceptive Ring | p. 282 |
Description of Method | p. 282 |
Effectiveness | p. 282 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 283 |
Advantages | p. 283 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 285 |
Providing the Method | p. 287 |
Managing Problems and Follow Up | p. 289 |
User Instructions | p. 291 |
Male Condoms | p. 297 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 298 |
Effectiveness Against Pregnancy | p. 299 |
Advantages and Indications | p. 301 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 301 |
Special Issues | p. 302 |
Providing Condoms-Counseling | p. 304 |
Managing Problems and Follow-Up | p. 308 |
Instructions for Using Condoms | p. 308 |
Vaginal Barriers And Spermicides | p. 317 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 318 |
Effectiveness | p. 322 |
Advantages | p. 324 |
Disadvantages | p. 326 |
Cautions | p. 327 |
Providing Vaginal Barrier Methods | p. 327 |
Managing Problems and Follow-Up | p. 332 |
Instructions For Using Vaginal Barriers/Spermicides | p. 333 |
Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal) | p. 337 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 338 |
Effectiveness | p. 338 |
Advantages and Indications | p. 338 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 339 |
Instructions for Using Coitus Interruptus | p. 341 |
Fertility Awareness-Based Methods | p. 343 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 343 |
Effectiveness | p. 344 |
Advantages and Indications | p. 346 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 347 |
Providing Fertility Awareness-Based Methods | p. 349 |
Instructions for Using Fertility Awareness-Based Methods | p. 349 |
Female and Male Sterilization | p. 361 |
Female Sterilization | p. 362 |
Effectiveness | p. 362 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 364 |
Advantages and Indications | p. 364 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 365 |
Providing Female Sterilization | p. 370 |
Managing Problems and Follow-Up | p. 378 |
Male Sterilization | p. 380 |
Effectiveness | p. 380 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 381 |
Advantages | p. 381 |
Disadvantages and Cautions | p. 382 |
Providing Male Sterilization | p. 384 |
Managing Problems and Follow-Up | p. 389 |
User Instructions for Vasectomy | p. 392 |
Postpartum Contraception and Lactation | p. 403 |
Postpartum Infertility | p. 404 |
Lactational Infertility | p. 404 |
Contraceptive Benefits of Lactation | p. 406 |
Postpartum Sexuality | p. 408 |
Initiating Contraceptive Use Postpartum | p. 410 |
Postpartum Contraception for the Nonbreastfeeding Woman | p. 413 |
Postpartum Contraception for the Breastfeeding Woman | p. 414 |
Breastfeeding: Advantages to the Infant | p. 420 |
Breastfeeding and HIV | p. 421 |
Breastfeeding: Effects on the Mother | p. 422 |
Instructions for and Information About Breastfeeding | p. 422 |
Contraceptive Research and Development | p. 433 |
Contraceptive Research Overview | p. 433 |
Current Contraceptive Research | p. 439 |
Improving Use-Effectiveness | p. 447 |
The 21st Century | p. 447 |
Menstrual Disorders and Related Concerns | p. 451 |
Dysmenorrhea | p. 452 |
Secondary Dysmenorrhea | p. 454 |
Menorrhagia | p. 456 |
Amenorrhea | p. 461 |
Oligomenorrhea | p. 466 |
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) | p. 469 |
Menstrually Induced Exacerbations of Other Medical Problems | p. 476 |
Endometriosis | p. 479 |
Chronic Pelvic Pain | p. 481 |
Reproductive Tract Infections, Including HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections | p. 499 |
Magnitude and Risks of RTI | p. 500 |
RTI Risk Assessment, Prevention and Risk Behaviors | p. 502 |
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of RTI | p. 505 |
Special Considerations Regarding HIV/AIDS in the Reproductive Health Setting | p. 511 |
Alphabetical Catalogue of Reproductive Tract Infections | p. 532 |
Female Genital Tract Cancer Screening | p. 559 |
Screening for Cervical Cancer | p. 561 |
Ovarian Cancer Screening | p. 581 |
Breast Cancer Screening | p. 583 |
Pregnancy Testing and Management of Early Pregnancy | p. 591 |
Essential Pre-Pregnancy Information for Everyone | p. 592 |
Preconception Care Services | p. 594 |
Pregnancy Evaluation | p. 596 |
Pregnancy Test Options | p. 602 |
Ultrasound in Very Early Pregnancy | p. 609 |
Managing Problems in Early Pregnancy | p. 618 |
Education and Counseling | p. 628 |
Abortion | p. 637 |
Legal Status of Abortion | p. 638 |
The Public Health Impact of Legal Abortion | p. 639 |
Characteristics of Women Who Obtain Abortions | p. 639 |
Methods of Abortion | p. 642 |
Providing Abortion Services | p. 649 |
Managing Post-Abortion Complications | p. 660 |
Impaired Fertility | p. 673 |
Probability of Pregnancy | p. 674 |
Requirements for Fertility | p. 676 |
Overview of Causes of Infertility | p. 677 |
Further Evaluation of The Woman | p. 681 |
Prognosis | p. 686 |
Targeting Therapies for Infertility | p. 686 |
Longer Term Impacts of Assisted Reproductive Technologies | p. 692 |
Menopause and Perimenopausal Health | p. 699 |
Definitions: Perimenopause, Menopause, Post-Menopause | p. 699 |
Perimenopause | p. 701 |
Menopause | p. 705 |
Postmenopausal Symptoms | p. 708 |
Effect of Hormone Therapies on Other Aspects of Postmenopausal Health | p. 724 |
Side Effects of Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy | p. 732 |
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Choices | p. 733 |
Summary | p. 735 |
Contraceptive Efficacy | p. 747 |
No Method | p. 748 |
Typical Use Of Spermicides, Withdrawal, Fertility Awareness-Based Methods, Diaphragm, Male Condom, Oral Contraceptive Pills, and Depo-Provera | p. 748 |
Perfect Use of the Sponge and Diaphragm | p. 749 |
Typical Use of the Sponge | p. 750 |
Female Condom | p. 750 |
Perfect Use of Withdrawal and Spermicides | p. 750 |
Perfect Use of Fertility Awareness-Based Methods | p. 752 |
Perfect Use of the Male Condom | p. 752 |
Perfect Use of the Oral Contraceptive Pills, Depo-Provera, and Implanon, and Typical Use of Implanon | p. 753 |
Evra and NuvaRing | p. 753 |
IUD | p. 754 |
Sterilization | p. 754 |
Contraceptive Continuation | p. 755 |
The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) | p. 756 |
Appendix | |
Webpages with Active Links to Many Other Websites | p. 827 |
Network of Professional Organizations | p. 829 |
Pharmaceutical Websites and Phone Numbers | p. 833 |
Hotlines and Websites | p. 836 |
Index | p. 841 |
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