Cooperative Argumentation

by Makau, Josina M.; Marty, Debian L.

• ISBN13: 9781577661399
• ISBN10: 1577661397
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Waveland Pr Inc

Table of Contents

Prefac and Acknowledgements	ix
Introduction	1	(5)
Endnotes	6	(1)
Critical Thinking	7	(38)
Confronting Disagreement Ethically and Effectively	7	(3)
What Is Critical Thinking and Why Is It Important?	10	(2)
Cynicism vs. Critical Judgment	12	(4)
Developing the Questioning Habit	16	(10)
Questioning Skills	17	(1)
Underlying Assumptions	18	(3)
Underlying Values	21	(5)
Finding Relevant Information	26	(7)
Interpreting and Evaluating Information	27	(1)
Cultural and Other Experiential Influences	28	(1)
Media Influences	29	(1)
Critical Viewing	30	(3)
Drawing and Evaluating Inferences	33	(2)
Critical Thinking in Contexts	35	(3)
The Role of Critical Thinking in Group Deliberations	36	(2)
The Role of Critical Thinking in Professional Deliberations	38	(2)
The Role of Critical Thinking in Deliberative Communities	40	(1)
Summary	40	(2)
Endnotes	42	(3)
Ethical and Effective Dialogue	45	(36)
Key Elements of Ethical and Effective Dialogue	47	(7)
Critical Emotions	48	(4)
Moral Imagination	52	(2)
Dialogic Communication Skills	54	(5)
Nondefensive Communication	55	(1)
Keeping an Open Mind	55	(1)
Balanced Partiality	56	(1)
Critical Self-Awareness	56	(3)
Attentive Listening	59	(6)
Dialogic Reading Skills	65	(1)
Negotiating Tension: The Issue of Safety and Guidelines for Dialogue	66	(3)
Summary	69	(1)
Exercises	70	(8)
Endnotes	78	(3)
Cooperative Argumentation	81	(30)
What Is Argumentation?	81	(2)
Competitive and Cooperative Argumentation	83	(5)
Cooperative Argumentation and an Ethic of Interdependence	88	(4)
Cooperative Argumentation and Essential Freedoms	92	(1)
The Value of Cooperative Argumentation in Group Decision Making	93	(2)
Cooperative Argumentation Averts Groupthink	95	(2)
The Value of Cooperative Argumentation in Personal Decision Making	97	(3)
Participating in Deliberative Communities	100	(5)
Summary	105	(2)
Exercises	107	(1)
Endnotes	108	(3)
Elements of Argumentation	111	(50)
The Nature and Role of Reasonableness	111	(4)
Claims	115	(3)
Issues	118	(1)
Commonplaces	119	(3)
Presumptions and Burden of Proof	122	(9)
Technical Presumptions	123	(1)
Conventional Presumptions	124	(1)
Cross-Cultural Conventional Presumptions	125	(3)
The Interplay Between Different Types of Presumptions	128	(1)
Problems with Presumptions	129	(1)
Relationships Between Presumption and Decision Making	130	(1)
Definitions	131	(1)
Types of Evidence	132	(7)
Inferences	139	(13)
Demonstrative Forms	140	(1)
Nondemonstrative Alternative Forms	140	(3)
Inductive and Deductive Nondemonstrative Forms	143	(9)
Summary	152	(2)
Exercises	154	(3)
Endnotes	157	(4)
Context and the Deliberative Community	161	(34)
Standpoint, Power, and Perspective	163	(1)
Types of Audiences	164	(6)
Audiences as Deliberative Communities	165	(2)
General Audiences	167	(1)
Specialized Audiences	168	(2)
The Composite Deliberative Community	170	(4)
Types of Communication Contexts	174	(14)
Dialogic Contexts	174	(6)
Written Communication Contexts	180	(1)
Public Address Contexts	181	(1)
Legal Argument	182	(6)
Summary	188	(2)
Exercises	190	(2)
Endnotes	192	(3)
Ethical Advocacy in Deliberative Communities	195	(44)
Advocacy and the Limits of Adversarialism	196	(3)
Reconceptualizing Advocacy	199	(4)
Reconceptualizing Power	203	(3)
The Deliberation Log	206	(2)
The Deliberation Log---Section One	208	(7)
Designation of Central Issues	208	(3)
Statements of Commonplaces	211	(2)
Definitions of Key Terms	213	(2)
The Deliberation Log---Section Two	215	(6)
Identification of Central Claims and Relevant Support	215	(1)
Recognizing Underlying Values and Assumptions	216	(2)
Recording Clarification Needs and Insight Development	218	(3)
Reflection Questions	221	(2)
Ethical Advocacy in ``Monologic'' Deliberative Contexts	223	(5)
Reconceptualizing Refutation	228	(5)
Summary	233	(1)
Exercises	234	(1)
Endnotes	235	(4)
Evaluating Arguments	239	(45)
The Art of Criticism in a Deliberative Community	240	(1)
The Role of Context in Evaluating Deliberative Arguments	241	(3)
Emotions and Argument Evaluation	244	(1)
Guidelines for Evaluation of Deliberative Arguments	245	(15)
Acceptability of Premises	246	(1)
Consistency	247	(5)
Relevance	252	(1)
Adequate Support	253	(1)
Comprehensiveness	254	(2)
Structural Coherence	256	(1)
Critical Self-reflexivity	257	(1)
Responsiveness	258	(1)
Accountability	259	(1)
Basic Fallacies	260	(18)
Fallacies of Language	261	(5)
Fallacies of Evidence	266	(3)
Fallacies of Reasoning	269	(9)
Key Questions for Evaluating Deliberative Argument	278	(1)
Summary	279	(1)
Exercises	280	(4)
Endnotes	284