Corrections and the Criminal Justice System

by May, David C.; Minor, Kevin I.; Ruddell, Rick; Matthews, Betsy A.

• ISBN13: 9780763735005
• ISBN10: 0763735000
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-12-30
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Summary

Corrections and the Criminal Justice System takes a fresh approach to introducting the corrections field by helping students understand corrections within the larger, more complex system of criminal justice. This text discusses the criminal justice system one step at a time, making it easy for students to grasp the interconnected nature of corrections and the criminal justice system as well as the present and future challenges facing these fields.

Author Biography

David C. May, PhD Professor, Kentucky Center for School Safety Research Fellow, Department of Safety, Security, and Emergency Management, Eastern Kentucky University Kevin I. Minor, PhD Professor and Chair, Department of Correctional and Juvenile Justice Studies, Eastern Kentucky University Rick Ruddell, PhD Graduate Program Director, Department of Correctional and Juvenile Justice Studies, Eastern Kentucky University Betsy A. Matthews, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Correctional and Juvenile Justice Studies, Eastern Kentucky University

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
About the Authors	p. xix
Overview of Corrections and Criminal Justice	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Criminal Justice as a Social and Governmental Institution	p. 3
Criminal Justice as an Academic Field of Study	p. 6
Overview of the Evolution of Criminal Justice	p. 7
The Contemporary Criminal Justice System	p. 11
Criminal Justice Process	p. 14
Models and Images of Crime and Justice	p. 19
Chapter Resources	p. 24
The Picture of Crime and Punishment in the United States	p. 31
Introduction	p. 32
Sources of Crime Data in the United States	p. 33
Patterns of Crime	p. 42
Sources of Data for Adult Corrections	p. 48
Conclusion	p. 54
Chapter Resources	p. 55
Crime and the Law	p. 61
Introduction	p. 62
Law and Government Structure	p. 62
Law and Discretion	p. 63
The Evolution of Law	p. 64
Civil and Criminal Law	p. 64
Substantive and Procedural Criminal Law	p. 66
Sources of Law	p. 67
Principles of Substantive Law	p. 70
Principles of Procedural Law: The Ideal and the Real	p. 78
Defining and Categorizing Crime	p. 88
Application to Corrections	p. 97
Chapter Resources	p. 100
Policing and Corrections	p. 109
Introduction	p. 111
History and Evolution of Policing	p. 111
Structure and Organization of Policing in the United States	p. 117
Roles, Functions, and Activities of Police	p. 123
Police Management	p. 125
Working Personality of a Police Officer	p. 132
Police Subculture	p. 133
Legal Aspects of Policing	p. 133
Discretion	p. 141
Implications for Corrections	p. 142
Conclusion	p. 145
Chapter Resources	p. 146
Courts and Corrections	p. 157
Introduction	p. 158
Philosophy of the U.S. Court System	p. 159
History of the U.S. Court System	p. 159
Structure and Organization of Twenty-First Century Courts in the United States	p. 162
The Courtroom Work Group	p. 169
Nonprofessional Courtroom Participants	p. 176
Pretrial Activities	p. 179
Steps of a Criminal Trial	p. 183
Implications for Corrections	p. 187
Conclusion	p. 189
Chapter Resources	p. 190
Sentencing and Corrections	p. 203
Introduction	p. 204
Sentencing Options	p. 204
Philosophies of Punishment	p. 206
Considerations in Sentencing	p. 211
Changes in Sentencing Policy	p. 220
Death Penalty	p. 227
Conclusion	p. 230
Chapter Resources	p. 231
Jails and Detention Facilities	p. 239
Introduction	p. 240
History of Jails	p. 241
Types of Jails	p. 245
Characteristics of Jail Inmates	p. 252
Impact of Courts on Jails	p. 259
New-Generation Jails	p. 261
Community-Based Jail Programs	p. 263
Conclusion	p. 265
Chapter Resources	p. 266
Diversion and Probation	p. 273
Introduction	p. 274
Definitions and Numbers	p. 275
Historical Overview of Probation and Diversion	p. 276
Staff Roles in Probation and Diversion Programs	p. 278
A Closer Look at Diversion	p. 280
Probation	p. 284
Application to Criminal Justice and Corrections	p. 300
Chapter Resources	p. 303
Community Corrections and Intermediate Sanctions	p. 313
Introduction	p. 314
History and Current Status of Community Corrections and Intermediate Sanctions	p. 314
Types of Intermediate Sanctions	p. 317
Summary of Research on Intermediate Sanctions	p. 330
Future Directions for Intermediate Sanctions	p. 332
Impact of Intermediate Sanctions on Corrections	p. 334
Chapter Resources	p. 335
Prison Systems and Staff	p. 347
Introduction	p. 348
History of the Prison	p. 348
Modern Prison Systems	p. 356
Prison Staff	p. 364
Conclusion	p. 371
Chapter Resources	p. 372
Prisoners, Prison Life, and Inmate Rights	p. 379
Introduction	p. 380
Prison Society, Culture, and Experience	p. 394
Inmate Rights and Case Law	p. 398
Conclusion	p. 403
Chapter Resources	p. 404
Prison Security, Programs, and Services	p. 413
Introduction	p. 414
Inmate Classification	p. 414
Institutional Security	p. 418
Institutional Programs	p. 427
Institutional Services and Health Care	p. 433
Conclusion	p. 434
Chapter Resources	p. 436
Release from Prison, Parole, and Prisoner Reentry	p. 443
Introduction	p. 445
Release from Incarceration	p. 446
Parole	p. 449
Recidivism and Reentry	p. 460
Application to Criminal Justice and Corrections	p. 473
Chapter Resources	p. 475
Juvenile Justice and Corrections	p. 487
Introduction	p. 488
Defining Delinquency	p. 489
The Nature and Extent of Juvenile Crime and Victimization	p. 490
Causes of Delinquency	p. 497
Controlling Delinquency Throughout History	p. 505
Contemporary Juvenile Courts	p. 508
Processing Delinquency Cases in Juvenile Court	p. 509
Juvenile Corrections	p. 515
Effective Correctional Interventions for Youth	p. 520
Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice	p. 522
Chapter Resources	p. 526
The Future of Corrections and Juvenile Justice	p. 539
Introduction	p. 540
Trends and Challenges Facing Corrections in the Twenty-First Century	p. 540
Correctional Futurism	p. 555
Conclusion	p. 559
Chapter Resources	p. 561
Index	p. 569
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