Correlative Neuroanatomy

by Waxman, Stephen G.

• ISBN13: 9780838515839
• ISBN10: 0838515835
• Edition: 24th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-10-19
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill

Summary

Highly readable and generously illustrated, the new edition features a new section on the enteric system, new information on the cerebral cortex, and an updated review of cerebrellar organization and function. For understanding and identifying neuroanatomical structures, you cannot find a better source.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
SECTION I. BASIC PRINCIPLES
Fundamentals of the Nervous System	1	(7)
General Plan of the Nervous System	1	(5)
Peripheral Nervous System	6	(1)
Structure, Function, and Dysfunction of the Nervous System	6	(1)
References	7	(1)
Elements of Nervous Tissue	8	(12)
Cellular Aspects of Neural Development	8	(1)
Neurons	8	(4)
Neuronal Groupings and Connections	12	(1)
Neuroglia	13	(4)
Metabolic Features of the Brain	17	(2)
References	19	(1)
Signaling in the Nervous System	20	(15)
Membrane Potential	20	(1)
Generator Potential	21	(1)
Action Potential	22	(1)
The Nerve Cell Membrane Contains Ion Channels	22	(1)
The Effects of Myelination	23	(1)
Conduction of Action Potentials	23	(3)
Clinical Illustration 3--1	26	(1)
Synapses	27	(1)
Synaptic Transmission	27	(1)
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Actions	28	(1)
Synaptic Plasticity and Long-term Potentiation	29	(1)
Presynaptic Inhibition	29	(1)
The Neuromuscular Junction and the End-plate Potential	30	(1)
Neurotransmitters	31	(3)
Case 1	34	(1)
References	34	(1)
SECTION II. INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL THINKING
Introduction to Clinical Thinking: The Relationship Between Neuroanatomy and Neurology	35	(10)
Symptoms and Signs of Neurologic Diseases	35	(3)
Where is the Lesion?	38	(1)
What is the Lesion?	39	(2)
The Role of Neuroimaging and Laboratory Investigations	41	(1)
Clinical Illustration 4--1	42	(1)
Clinical Illustration 4--2	42	(1)
The Treatment of Patients With Neurologic Disease	43	(1)
Clinical Illustration 4--3	43	(1)
References	44	(1)
SECTION III. SPINAL CORD AND SPINE
The Spinal Cord	45	(24)
Development of the Spinal Cord	45	(1)
External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord	45	(3)
Spinal Roots and Nerves	48	(2)
Internal Divisions of the Spinal Cord	50	(2)
Pathways in White Matter	52	(6)
Clinical Illustration 5--1	58	(1)
Reflexes	58	(5)
Lesions in the Motor Pathways	63	(3)
Examples of Specific Spinal Cord Disorders	66	(1)
Case 2	67	(1)
Case 3	68	(1)
References	68	(1)
The Spinal Cord in Situ; Imaging	69	(12)
Investing Membranes	69	(1)
Clinical Illustration 6--1	70	(1)
Spinal Cord Circulation	71	(1)
The Vertebral Column	72	(2)
Lumbar Puncture	74	(2)
Imaging of the Spine and Spinal Cord	76	(1)
Case 4	76	(1)
Case 5	77	(3)
References	80	(1)
SECTION IV. ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN
The Brain Stem and Cerebellum	81	(22)
Development of the Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves	81	(1)
Organization of the Brain Stem	81	(3)
Cranial Nerve Nuclei in the Brain Stem	84	(2)
Medulla	86	(3)
Pons	89	(1)
Midbrain	90	(1)
Vascularization	91	(1)
Clinical Illustration 7--1	92	(1)
Clinical Illustration 7--2	93	(1)
Cerebellum	94	(6)
Case 6	100	(1)
Case 7	100	(2)
References	102	(1)
Cranial Nerves and Pathways	103	(20)
Origin of Cranial Nerve Fibers	103	(1)
Functional Components of the Cranial Nerves	103	(3)
Anatomic Relationships of the Cranial Nerves	106	(15)
Case 8	121	(1)
Case 9	122	(1)
References	122	(1)
Diencephalon	123	(12)
Thalamus	123	(3)
Hypothalamus	126	(5)
Subthalamus	131	(1)
Epithalamus	132	(1)
Circumventricular Organs	133	(1)
Case 10	133	(1)
References	134	(1)
Cerebral Hemispheres/Telencephalon	135	(18)
Development	135	(1)
Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres	135	(6)
Microscopic Structure of the Cortex	141	(5)
Physiology of Specialized Cortical Regions	146	(1)
Basal Ganglia	147	(3)
Internal Capsule	150	(1)
Case 11	151	(1)
Case 12	151	(1)
References	152	(1)
Ventricles and Coverings of the Brain	153	(15)
Ventricular System	153	(2)
Meninges and Spaces	155	(2)
Cerebrospinal Fluid	157	(1)
Barriers in the Nervous System	158	(3)
Skull	161	(5)
Case 13	166	(1)
Case 14	166	(1)
References	167	(1)
Vascularization	168	(21)
Arterial Supply of the Brain	168	(4)
Venous Drainage	172	(3)
Cerebrovascular Disorders	175	(5)
Clinical Illustration 12--1	180	(6)
Case 15	186	(1)
Case 16	186	(1)
References	187	(2)
SECTION V. FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS
Control of Movement	189	(13)
Control of Movement	189	(1)
Major Motor Systems	189	(6)
Motor Disturbances	195	(5)
Case 17	200	(1)
Case 18	200	(1)
References	200	(2)
Somatosensory Systems	202	(6)
Sensation	202	(2)
Pain	204	(3)
Case 19	207	(1)
Case 20	207	(1)
References	207	(1)
The Visual System	208	(14)
The Eye	208	(6)
Visual Pathways	214	(4)
Clinical Illustration 15--1	218	(1)
The Visual Cortex	218	(3)
Case 21	221	(1)
References	221	(1)
The Auditory System	222	(5)
Anatomy and Function	222	(1)
Auditory Pathways	223	(3)
Case 22	226	(1)
References	226	(1)
The Vestibular System	227	(4)
Anatomy	227	(1)
Vestibular Pathways	227	(1)
Functions	227	(2)
Case 23	229	(1)
References	230	(1)
The Reticular Formation	231	(5)
Anatomy	231	(1)
Functions	231	(3)
Case 24	234	(1)
References	235	(1)
The Limbic System	236	(12)
The Limbic Lobe and Limbic System	236	(1)
Olfactory System	236	(3)
Clinical Illustration 19--1	239	(1)
Hippocampal Formation	239	(6)
Functions and Disorders	245	(1)
Case 25	246	(1)
References	247	(1)
The Autonomic Nervous System	248	(16)
Autonomic Outflow	248	(6)
Autonomic Innervation of the Head	254	(1)
Visceral Afferent Pathways	255	(1)
Hierarchical Organization and Control of the Autonomic Nervous System	256	(3)
Transmitter Substances	259	(4)
Case 26	263	(1)
References	263	(1)
Higher Cortical Functions	264	(12)
Frontal Lobe Functions	264	(1)
Language and Speech	264	(6)
Cerebral Dominance	270	(1)
Memory and Learning	270	(1)
Epilepsy	271	(2)
Clinical Illustration 21--1	273	(2)
Case 27	275	(1)
Case 28	275	(1)
References	275	(1)
Aging, Degeneration, Regeneration, and Plasticity	276	(11)
Neurobiology of Aging	276	(2)
Dementia	278	(2)
Neurotrophic Factors	280	(2)
Degeneration and Regeneration	282	(2)
Neurogenesis	284	(1)
Clinical Illustration 22--1	284	(1)
Neural Plasticity	285	(1)
Case 29	286	(1)
References	286	(1)
SECTION VI. DIAGNOSTIC AIDS
Imaging of the Brain	287	(13)
Skull X-rays	287	(1)
Angiography	287	(3)
Ultrasonography	290	(1)
Computed Tomography	290	(3)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging	293	(2)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy	295	(1)
Diffusion-weighted Imaging	295	(1)
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging	295	(1)
Positron Emission Tomography	296	(1)
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography	297	(2)
References	299	(1)
Electrodiagnostic Tests	300	(9)
Electroencephalography	300	(1)
Evoked Potentials	301	(2)
Transcranial Motor Cortical Stimulation	303	(2)
Electromyography	305	(2)
Nerve Conduction Studies	307	(1)
References	308	(1)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination	309	(2)
Indications	309	(1)
Contraindications	309	(1)
Analysis of the CSF	309	(1)
References	310	(1)
SECTION VII. DISCUSSION OF CASES
Discussion of Cases	311	(20)
The Location of Lesions	311	(1)
The Nature of Lesions	312	(1)
Cases	313	(16)
References	329	(2)
Appendix A: The Neurologic Examination	331	(7)
Examining Children and Adults	331	(1)
History	331	(1)
The Physical Examination	331	(1)
The Neurologic Examination	332	(4)
Examining Neonates	336	(1)
General Status	336	(1)
The Neurologic Examination	336	(2)
Appendix B: Testing Muscle Function	338	(17)
Appendix C: Spinal Nerves and Plexuses	355	(17)
Appendix D: Questions and Answers	372	(9)
Index	381