The Counterterrorism Handbook: Tactics, Procedures, and Techniques, Third Edition

by Bolz, Frank, Jr.; Dudonis, Kenneth J.; Schulz, David P.

• ISBN13: 9780849330230
• ISBN10: 0849330238
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-06-23
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

On September 11, 2001, the world was put on notice: terrorism can strike anytime'¦anywhere'¦anyone. You are told to go about your daily life - but to be vigilant of your surroundings. You are told that trying to do a cursory profile on potential terrorists is futile because their commonality goes deeper than the surface. With this in mind, what do you look for in a potential situation, how do you prepare, how do you protect?Written by experts who have years of experience in the field, The Counterterrorism Handbook: Tactics, Procedures, and Techniques, Third Edition is an invaluable resource for those who recognize that preparation is the best defense in the War on Terror. Revised and expanded to reflect information obtained since the September 11th attacks, this latest edition provides an understanding of the strategies, tactics, and techniques required to counter terrorism as it exists today. It illustrates essential topics such as the elements common to all terrorism, bomb threats, risk assessment, hostage situations, and weapons of mass destruction.Find out what's new in the third edition as it:§ Provides a closer look at what transpired during and after the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon§ Discusses the current state of WMD's, including threats from chemical and biological agents and those posed by nuclear weapons.§ Divulges the latest modes of domestic terrorism, including cyber-terrorism and eco-terrorism§ Discloses the latest information on what's going on with Homeland Security§ Covers recent INS laws as they relate to terrorist activity and how they effect homeland security

Table of Contents

What Is Terrorism; Who Are Terrorists; What Do They Do?	1	(20)
New Game	1	(1)
Global War on Terrorism	2	(1)
Meaning of Terrorism	3	(1)
What Is Terrorism?	4	(1)
A Brief History of Terrorism	5	(2)
Terrorism as a Political Statement	7	(1)
The Nature of Terrorism	8	(2)
Characteristics of Terrorism	10	(1)
Financial Terrorism	11	(1)
Terrorist Actions	12	(2)
Other Terrorist Actions	14	(1)
Intimidation and Threats	15	(3)
Disinformation and Propaganda	18	(1)
Assassination	18	(1)
Notes	19	(2)
Common Elements of Terrorism	21	(22)
Purpose of Terrorism	21	(3)
Modern Terrorist Groups	24	(2)
Why Terrorists Succeed	26	(5)
Mobility	26	(1)
Communications	27	(1)
Security	27	(3)
Democratic Legal Systems	30	(1)
Access to Arms	30	(1)
Vulnerability of Targets	31	(1)
Counterterrorist Response	31	(2)
Weapons of Mass Destruction	33	(1)
Role of the Military	34	(2)
Homeland Defense	36	(1)
Implementation of Homeland Defense	36	(1)
Organizing Homeland Defense	37	(3)
Secretary of Homeland Security	37	(1)
Border and Transportation Security	37	(2)
Emergency Preparedness and Response	39	(1)
Science and Technology	39	(1)
Information and Infrastructure Protection	40	(1)
Task Force Initiatives	40	(1)
Local Law Enforcement Capabilities	41	(1)
Local Significance	41	(1)
Private Sector Cooperation	42	(1)
Terrorism Defense Planning	43	(18)
Introduction to Risk Assessment	43	(1)
Security Advisory System	44	(2)
Structuring a Preincident Plan	46	(1)
Information Gathering	47	(3)
Targets	48	(1)
Target Profiles	49	(1)
Terrorists	49	(1)
Target Analysis	50	(3)
Organization	53	(2)
Training	55	(1)
Terrorist Tactics	56	(1)
Risk Analysis	57	(2)
Risk Avoidance	59	(1)
Hostage/Kidnap Defense	59	(1)
Notes	60	(1)
Bomb Defense Planning	61	(18)
Bomb Incidents	61	(1)
The Bomb Threat	62	(1)
Rationale of Bomb Threats	63	(2)
A Note of Warning	65	(2)
Warning or Hoax?	67	(1)
Bomb Threat Decision Making	68	(1)
Evacuation Options	69	(1)
Evacuation Procedures	70	(2)
Putting Out the Message	72	(1)
Planning Issues	73	(1)
Bomb Threats and the Police	73	(1)
The Bomb: Terrorist Weapon of Choice	74	(1)
Types of Bombers	75	(2)
Motivations of Bombers	77	(2)
Hostage Situations	79	(28)
A Rare Occurrence	79	(1)
Who Takes Hostages?	79	(2)
Panic Reaction	81	(1)
Suicide by Cop	82	(2)
Why Hostages Are Taken	84	(1)
The Magic Triangle	85	(2)
Munich, 1972	87	(5)
Deadlines	92	(1)
Killing on Deadline	93	(2)
Evaluation	95	(1)
Responsibilities of the First Responding Officers	96	(4)
The Mobilization Point	100	(1)
Location of the Mobilization Point	100	(1)
Decision Makers	101	(1)
Evacuation	101	(1)
Keeping Track of People	102	(1)
Start Intelligence-Gathering	103	(1)
Inner Perimeter	103	(1)
Tactical Units	104	(1)
Communications	104	(1)
First-Response Review	105	(1)
Summary	105	(2)
Kidnapping	107	(24)
Kidnapping as a Weapon	107	(1)
Risks Involved	107	(1)
Differences between Hostage Taking and Kidnapping	108	(1)
Uses of Kidnapping	109	(1)
Types of Kidnappers	110	(6)
Criminal	110	(1)
Professional	111	(1)
Political	112	(2)
Post-Cold War Political Kidnapping	114	(1)
Domestic Spousal Confrontation/Emotionally Disturbed Persons	115	(1)
During and after the U.S. Operation in Iraq	116	(1)
Private Industry's Role	116	(1)
The Police Role	117	(1)
Police Response to Residence or Workplace of Victim	118	(1)
Response to the Kidnap/Extortion Threat	119	(2)
``Do Not Contact the Police''	121	(1)
McKidnapping	121	(1)
Hoax	122	(1)
Prevention Tactics	122	(2)
What the Individual Can Do	124	(1)
Journalists Do Not Have Exemptions	124	(3)
What the Family Can Do	127	(1)
One Man's Ordeal	127	(1)
What the Corporation Can Do	128	(1)
On Becoming a Victim	129	(1)
Notes	129	(2)
Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction	131	(26)
A Long History	131	(2)
Definition of Weapons of Mass Destruction	133	(1)
The Threat Today	133	(1)
Aum Shinrikyo Incident	134	(2)
U.S. Anthrax Attacks	136	(1)
Chemical and Biological Agents	137	(1)
Transmission of Infectious Agents	138	(1)
Chemical Agents	138	(2)
Common Nerve Agents	140	(2)
Blood Agents	142	(1)
Blister (Mustard) Agents	142	(1)
Choking/Lung/Pulmonary Agents	142	(1)
Riot Control	143	(1)
Tearing Agents	143	(1)
Vomiting Agents	144	(1)
Biological Agents	144	(1)
Common Terms Associated with Biological Agents	144	(2)
Common Biological Agents --- Class A	146	(3)
Common Biological Agents --- Class B	149	(1)
Common Biological Agents --- Class C	150	(1)
Other Biological Agents	150	(1)
Nuclear Weapons	151	(1)
Common Terms Associated with Nuclear Weapons	152	(1)
Response to a WMD Incident	153	(1)
First Responders	153	(1)
Federal Assistance	154	(3)
Domestic Terrorism	157	(22)
Ecoterrorism	157	(5)
Other Ecoterror Groups	162	(2)
Animal Rights Groups	164	(3)
GM Food Fight	167	(1)
Antiglobalism Groups	168	(4)
Abortion Clinic Violence	172	(1)
Cyberterrorism	173	(2)
Conclusion	175	(1)
Notes	176	(3)
Bomb Incidents	179	(26)
The Mechanics	179	(1)
Search Overview	179	(1)
Building Searches	180	(1)
Exterior Searches	180	(1)
Interior Searches	181	(1)
Search Teams	182	(1)
Setting Up a Program	182	(1)
Alternative to Search Teams	183	(1)
Mechanics of the Search	183	(1)
Searching a Room	184	(1)
Common Bomb Placement Locations	185	(1)
Precaution	185	(1)
Vehicle Searches	186	(1)
Antipersonnel Car Bombs	186	(1)
Vehicle-Borne Explosive Devices	187	(1)
Aircraft Searches	188	(1)
Preincident Executive Search	189	(1)
Explosive-Detection Canines	189	(2)
Suspected Packages	191	(1)
Identifying Improvised Explosive Devices	192	(1)
Explosives	193	(6)
Initiation Systems	199	(5)
Summary	204	(1)
Notes	204	(1)
Hostage Incidents	205	(28)
What Is Involved	205	(1)
Communicating with the Hostage Taker	205	(1)
The Making of a Hostage Incident	206	(2)
The Announcement	208	(1)
Reaction of Law Enforcement Professionals	209	(1)
The Application of Time	210	(1)
Criminal Role	211	(1)
Police Role	211	(1)
Containment	212	(1)
Evacuation and Intelligence	212	(1)
Why Police Do the Negotiating	213	(3)
Postincident Crisis Intervention Teams	216	(1)
Controlling the Environment	217	(2)
Dynamics of Hostage Negotiation	219	(2)
Words and Phrases	221	(1)
A Note on Weapons	221	(1)
Saying ``No''	222	(2)
The Art of Negotiation	224	(1)
Courses of Action	225	(3)
Rescue	225	(3)
The Surrender and Suicide Ritual	228	(1)
Thought Interruption	229	(1)
Never Take a Weapon from the Hand of a Surrendering Perpetrator	230	(1)
Special Qualifications	230	(3)
Postblast Environment	233	(30)
Getting Back to Normal	233	(1)
The Incident	233	(1)
First Responders	234	(2)
Investigative Phase	236	(1)
Search Equipment	237	(2)
Safety	238	(1)
General Crime Scene Equipment	238	(1)
Documentation Material	239	(1)
Evidence Collection	239	(1)
Specialized Equipment	239	(1)
Establishing the Parameters of the Investigation	239	(1)
Preliminary Actions	240	(1)
Seat of the Explosion	241	(2)
Gathering Physical Evidence	243	(2)
Examining Fragments	245	(1)
Evidence Recovery	246	(4)
Physical Evidence	250	(4)
Container	250	(1)
Firing Systems	251	(3)
Postblast Investigation Process	254	(1)
Case Studies	254	(9)
Pan Am Flight 103 Bombing --- December 21, 1988	255	(1)
World Trade Center --- February 26, 1993	256	(1)
Oklahoma City --- April 19, 1995	256	(1)
Initial Response	257	(1)
The Investigation	257	(1)
TWA Flight 800 --- July 17, 1996	258	(1)
U.S. Embassy Bombings: East Africa --- August 7, 1998	258	(1)
Bombing of the USS Cole --- October 12, 2000	259	(1)
Madrid Train Bomb Attacks --- March 11, 2004	259	(4)
Hostage/Kidnapping Aftermath	263	(16)
The Dangers Involved	263	(1)
The Immediate Reaction of Victims	264	(1)
Long-Term Reactions	264	(1)
The Family	265	(1)
Police Handling of the Incident	266	(1)
The Stockholm Syndrome	266	(2)
Transference	268	(2)
When an Incident May End in the Use of Deadly Physical Force	270	(1)
Ransom: To Pay or Not to Pay?	270	(1)
Making the Payoff	271	(2)
The Recovery	273	(1)
Victimology	274	(3)
Historical Background	274	(1)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	274	(1)
Courses of Action	275	(1)
Immediate Postincident Reaction	276	(1)
Longer-Term Reaction	276	(1)
Returning to Normal	277	(1)
Postincident Effects on Rescue Officers	277	(2)
Interviewing Victims	279	(12)
Frank Ochberg
Intrusive Recollections	280	(1)
Emotional Anesthesia: Constricting Life Activity	280	(1)
Lowered Threshold for Anxiety and Arousal	281	(1)
PTSD Is Not Always the Same	282	(1)
Who Gets PTSD?	282	(1)
Other Difficulties	283	(1)
A Guide to Interviewing	283	(1)
Timing	284	(1)
Setting the Stage	285	(1)
Eliciting Emotion	286	(1)
Informed Consent	287	(1)
Stages of Response	287	(2)
The Humanitarian Role of the Investigator	289	(1)
Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder	289	(1)
Notes	290	(1)
Role of the Commander	291	(24)
Who's in Charge?	291	(1)
Preincident: Developing Guidelines	292	(1)
Makeup of the Team	293	(1)
Maintenance of Manpower and Equipment	294	(1)
Keeping Up-to-Date on New Developments and Strategies	295	(1)
Evaluate and Update	296	(1)
Liaisons with Other Agencies	296	(2)
During the Incident: Intelligence Gathering	298	(1)
Evaluate Alternatives	299	(2)
Sharpshooter	301	(1)
Chemical Agents	302	(1)
Food	303	(1)
Alcohol and Drugs	304	(1)
Contain and Negotiate	305	(1)
Impact of the Event on the Public	305	(2)
Postincident Debriefing	307	(1)
Formal Debriefing	308	(1)
Evaluate New Developments and Outcomes	308	(1)
Case History: Russian Theater Takeover	309	(1)
Panic Reactions	310	(1)
Who	310	(1)
Negotiations at the Theater	311	(1)
Tactical Preparations	311	(2)
Sharpshooter	312	(1)
Chemical Agents	312	(1)
Rescue/Dynamic Entry	313	(1)
Russian Hostage Litigation	313	(1)
Theater Reopens	314	(1)
Continued Terrorism	314	(1)
The Command Post	315	(10)
The Nerve Center	315	(3)
Forward Command Post	315	(1)
Mobilization Point	316	(1)
Point of Negotiation	317	(1)
Staffing the Command Post	317	(1)
Bomb Incident Command Post	318	(1)
Log and Situation Map	318	(1)
Equipment and Supplies	319	(1)
Communications	320	(2)
Concealment vs. Cover	322	(1)
Handling the Media	322	(1)
Counterterrorism Command Center	323	(2)
A Closer Look at 9/11	325	(18)
Overview	325	(1)
World Trade Center Complex	326	(1)
The 1993 Attack	326	(2)
The 2001 Attacks	328	(1)
The Chain of Events	328	(2)
Composite --- First Responders	330	(1)
New York City Fire Department	330	(1)
New York City Police Department	331	(1)
Port Authority Police Department	331	(1)
Office of Emergency Management and Interagency Preparedness (OEM)	331	(1)
Communication Capabilities	331	(1)
Emergency Response to the WTC Attack	332	(1)
Citywide Coverage Affected	333	(1)
Mutual Aid	334	(1)
Interdepartment Communication	334	(1)
Collapse of WTC-2	335	(1)
WTC-1 Collapse	335	(1)
World Trade Center Collapse Sequence	335	(1)
Washington, D.C., Attack	336	(1)
National Response	337	(1)
Critical Findings of the 9/11 Commission --- New York City Attack	337	(2)
Evacuation Immediately after Impact	337	(1)
Lack of Plans for Upper-Level Rescues	338	(1)
Challenges Experienced by First Responders/Incident Commanders	338	(1)
Lack of Coordination among Responders	338	(1)
First Responders at the Pentagon Attack	339	(1)
National Recommendations	340	(2)
The Aftermath	342	(1)
Casualties	342	(1)
Financial	342	(1)
Appendix A: Government-Sponsored Terrorism	343	(6)
Appendix B: Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs)	349	(36)
Index	385