CoursePort Electronic Key Code for Fundamentals of Information Systems, Third Edition Student Online Companion Web site

by Stair, Ralph; Reynolds, George

• ISBN13: 9780619215606
• ISBN10: 0619215607
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-04-27
• Publisher: Thomson Custom Publishing

Summary

Fundamentals of Information Systems, Third Edition continues to offer a concise nine-chapter overview of information systems. Information technologies and the strategies for managing them change quickly, but the principles that guide both often remain timeless. These principles form the backbone of this comprehensive survey of the field, designed for a student?s first course in information technology. By presenting the details and the big picture, Ralph Stair and George Reynolds put the lessons of managing information systems into an understandable context. This new Third Edition offers completely updated coverage as well as an increased focus on the effects of globalization. Readers get the necessary foundation in information systems-a base needed by every businessperson, regardless of his or her specialization.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART 1 Information Systems in Perspective	1	(44)
An Introduction to Information Systems in Organizations	2	(43)
Boehringer Ingelheim, GMBH, Germany	3	(1)
Information Concepts	4	(2)
Data Versus Information	4	(2)
The Characteristics of Valuable Information	6	(1)
The Value of Information	6	(1)
What Is an Information System?	6	(6)
Input, Processing, Output, Feedback	7	(2)
Manual and Computerized Information Systems	9	(1)
Computer-Based Information Systems	9	(3)
Business Information Systems	12	(2)
Electronic and Mobile Commerce	12	(2)
Ethical and Societal Issues: Phishing for Visa Card Customers	14	(6)
Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning	15	(1)
Information and Decision Support Systems	16	(2)
Specialized Business Information Systems: Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality	18	(2)
Systems Development	20	(1)
Organizations and Information Systems	21	(3)
Organizational Culture and Change	22	(1)
Technology Diffusion, Infusion, and Acceptance	23	(1)
Organizations in a Global Society	23	(1)
Competitive Advantage	24	(3)
Factors That Lead Firms to Seek Competitive Advantage	24	(1)
Strategic Planning for Competitive Advantage	25	(2)
Performance-Based Information Systems	27	(2)
Productivity	27	(2)
Information Systems @ Work: OneBeacon Focuses on Information Systems	29	(2)
Return on Investment and the Value of Information Systems	30	(1)
Careers in Information Systems	31	(10)
Roles, Functions, and Careers in the IS Department	32	(2)
Typical IS Titles and Functions	34	(2)
Other IS Careers	36	(5)
Case One: The Queen Mary 2 and partner	41	(1)
Case Two: MyFamily Comforts Its Members	42	(3)
PART 2 Technology	45	(138)
Hardware and Software	46	(48)
Porsche AG, Germany	47	(2)
Hardware Components	49	(1)
Processing and Memory Devices: Power, Speed, and Capacity	49	(3)
Processing Characteristics and Functions	50	(1)
Memory Characteristics and Functions	50	(1)
Multiprocessing	51	(1)
Secondary Storage and Input and Output Devices	52	(7)
Secondary Storage Access Methods	52	(1)
Secondary Storage Devices	53	(3)
Input Devices	56	(2)
Output Devices	58	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: Banks Weigh Move to Improved Check-Clearing Process	59	(2)
Computer System Types	61	(4)
Handheld Computers	61	(1)
Portable Computers	62	(1)
Thin Client	62	(1)
Desktop Computers	63	(1)
Workstations	63	(1)
Servers	63	(1)
Mainframe Computers	63	(1)
Supercomputers	64	(1)
Overview of Software	65	(1)
Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals	65	(1)
Systems Software	66	(6)
Operating Systems	66	(3)
Current Operating Systems	69	(2)
Workgroup Operating Systems	71	(1)
Ethical and Societal Issues: Weighing the Benefits of Open Source	72	(3)
Enterprise Operating Systems	73	(1)
Operating Systems for Small Computers and Special-Purpose Devices	74	(1)
Application Software	75	(9)
Types and Functions of Application Software	75	(1)
Proprietary Application Software	75	(1)
Personal Application Software	76	(6)
Workgroup Application Software	82	(1)
Enterprise Application Software	82	(1)
Application Software for Information, Decision Support, and Specialized Purposes	83	(1)
Programming Languages	84	(1)
Software Issues and Trends	85	(6)
Software Bugs	85	(1)
Copyrights and Licenses	85	(1)
Global Software Support	85	(6)
Case One: PACS at North Bronx Healthcare Network	91	(1)
Case Two: UPS Provides Shipping Management Software to Customers	92	(2)
Organizing Data and Information	94	(40)
DDB Worldwide, United States	95	(2)
Data Management	97	(5)
The Hierarchy of Data	97	(1)
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys	97	(2)
The Traditional Approach Versus the Database Approach	99	(3)
Data Modeling and the Relational Database Model	102	(4)
Data Modeling	102	(1)
The Relational Database Model	103	(3)
Database Management Systems (DBMS)	106	(9)
Overview of Database Types	106	(1)
Providing a User View	107	(1)
Creating and Modifying the Database	107	(2)
Storing and Retrieving Data	109	(1)
Manipulating Data and Generating Reports	110	(2)
Database Administration	112	(1)
Popular Database Management Systems	112	(1)
Special-Purpose Database Systems	113	(1)
Selecting a Database Management System	113	(2)
Using Databases with Other Software	115	(1)
Database Applications	115	(1)
Linking the Company Database to the Internet	115	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: Web-Based DBMS Empowers Cruise Line Personnel	116	(4)
Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining	117	(3)
Ethical and Societal Issues: The Growing Cost of Data-Related Regulations	120	(11)
Business Intelligence	121	(1)
Distributed Databases	122	(1)
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)	123	(1)
Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Database Management Systems	124	(1)
Visual, Audio, and Other Database Systems	125	(6)
Case One: Brazilian Grocer Gets Personal with Customers	131	(1)
Case Two: DBMS Upgrade Faces Employee Opposition	132	(2)
Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets, and Extranets	134	(49)
The Barilla Group, Italy	135	(2)
An Overview of Telecommunications and Networks	137	(11)
Telecommunications	138	(4)
Networks	142	(6)
Use and Functioning of the Internet	148	(3)
How the Internet Works	149	(1)
Accessing the Internet	150	(1)
Ethical and Societal Issues: Entrepreneurs Work to Lessen the Global Divide	151	(2)
Internet Service Providers	152	(1)
The World Wide Web	153	(4)
Web Browsers	155	(1)
Search Engines	155	(1)
Web Programming Languages	156	(1)
Developing Web Content	156	(1)
Web Services	156	(1)
Business Uses of the Web	157	(1)
Internet and Telecommunications Services	157	(3)
E-Mail and Instant Messaging	157	(2)
Internet Cell Phones and Handheld Computers	159	(1)
Career Information and Job Searching	159	(1)
Web Log (Blog)	159	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: Inscene Embassy Changes Marketing Focus with Blogs	160	(4)
Chat Rooms	161	(1)
Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services	161	(1)
Content Streaming	162	(1)
Shopping on the Web	162	(1)
Web Auctions	163	(1)
Music, Radio, and Video on the Internet	163	(1)
Other Internet Services and Applications	163	(1)
Intranets and Extranets	164	(2)
Net Issues	166	(8)
Management Issues	166	(1)
Service and Speed Issues	166	(1)
Privacy, Fraud, Security	166	(8)
Case One: Eastman Chemical Revamps with Web Services	174	(1)
Case Two: Best Western: First to Provide Free Internet	175	(2)
Part 2 World Views Case: Australian Film Studio Benefits from Broadband Networks---and Location	177	(2)
Part 2 World Views Case: Virtual Learning Environment Provides Instruction Flexibility	179	(4)
PART 3 Business Information Systems	183	(120)
Electronic Commerce and Transaction Processing Systems	184	(42)
Sprint, United States; And Sony, Japan	185	(1)
An Introduction to Electronic Commerce	186	(5)
The E-Commerce Supply Chain	187	(1)
Business-to-Business (B2B) E-Commerce	188	(1)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce	189	(1)
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-Commerce	189	(1)
Mobile Commerce	190	(1)
Global E-Commerce and M-Commerce	191	(1)
E-Commerce Applications	191	(1)
Ethical and Societal Issues: Canadian Prescription Drug Web Sites	192	(7)
Retail and Wholesale	193	(1)
Manufacturing	193	(2)
Marketing	195	(1)
Investment and Finance	196	(2)
Auctions	198	(1)
E-Commerce, Technology, Infrastructure, and Development	199	(5)
Hardware	200	(1)
Software	200	(1)
Electronic Payment Systems	201	(3)
An Overview of Transaction Processing Systems	204	(5)
Traditional Transaction Processing Methods and Objectives	205	(1)
Transaction Processing Activities	206	(2)
Basic TPS Applications	208	(1)
TPS Control and Management Issues	209	(3)
Business Continuity Planning	209	(2)
Transaction Processing System Audit	211	(1)
International Issues	211	(1)
Enterprise Resource Planning	212	(3)
An Overview of Enterprise Resource Planning	212	(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of ERP	214	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: ERP Consolidation Opens Doors for College Lender	215	(7)
Case One: RealEstate.com: Buying and Selling Homes Online	222	(1)
Case Two: Point and Pay in Japan with KDDI	223	(3)
Information and Decision Support Systems	226	(38)
Kiku-Masamune Sake Brewing Co., Ltd, Japan	227	(2)
Decision Making and Problem Solving	229	(3)
Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving	229	(1)
Programmed Versus Nonprogrammed Decisions	230	(1)
Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic Approaches	231	(1)
An Overview of Management Information Systems	232	(4)
Management Information Systems in Perspective	232	(1)
Inputs to a Management Information System	232	(1)
Outputs of a Management Information System	233	(3)
Functional Aspects of the MIS	236	(4)
Financial Management Information Systems	236	(2)
Manufacturing Management Information Systems	238	(1)
Marketing Management Information Systems	239	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: A ``TaylorMade'' Information and Decision Support System	240	(3)
Human Resource Management Information Systems	241	(1)
Other Management Information Systems	242	(1)
An Overview of Decision Support Systems	243	(2)
Capabilities of a Decision Support System	243	(2)
A Comparison of DSS and MIS	245	(1)
Components of a Decision Support System	245	(2)
The Database	245	(1)
The Model Base	246	(1)
The Dialogue Manager	247	(1)
Group Support Systems	247	(5)
Characteristics of a GSS That Enhance Decision Making	247	(2)
GSS Software	249	(1)
GSS Alternatives	250	(2)
Executive Support Systems	252	(1)
Executive Support Systems in Perspective	252	(1)
Ethical and Societal Issues: CEOs ``Called to Action'' Regarding Information Security	253	(7)
Capabilities of Executive Support Systems	254	(6)
Case One: Sensory Systems Provide Better-Tasting Products for Kraft	260	(1)
Case Two: Sanoma Magazines Follows Key Performance Indicators to Success	261	(3)
Specialized Information Systems: Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Virtual Reality, and Other Systems	264	(39)
Amazon.Com, United States	265	(1)
An Overview of Artificial Intelligence	266	(7)
Artificial Intelligence in Perspective	267	(1)
The Nature of Intelligence	267	(2)
The Difference Between Natural and Artificial Intelligence	269	(1)
The Major Branches of Artificial Intelligence	270	(3)
Ethical and Societal Issues: Biologically Inspired Algorithms Fight Terrorists and Guide Businesses	273	(2)
An Overview of Expert Systems	275	(11)
Characteristics and Limitations of an Expert System	276	(1)
When to Use Expert Systems	277	(1)
Components of Expert Systems	277	(4)
Expert Systems Development	281	(4)
Applications of Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence	285	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: Moving Data---and Freight---Efficiently	286	(1)
Virtual Reality	287	(3)
Interface Devices	287	(2)
Forms of Virtual Reality	289	(1)
Virtual Reality Applications	289	(1)
Other Specialized Systems	290	(6)
Case One: French Burgundy Wines: The Sweet Smell of Success	296	(1)
Case Two: Expert System Provides Safety in Nuclear Power Plants	297	(2)
Part 3 World Views Case: Kulula.com: The Trials and Tribulations of a South African Online Airline	299	(4)
PART 4 Systems Development and Social Issues	303	(86)
Systems Development	304	(40)
BMW, Germany	305	(2)
An Overview of Systems Development	307	(2)
Participants in Systems Development	307	(1)
Information Systems Planning and Aligning Corporate and IS Goals	308	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: Fakta Designs Financial Management System to Support Corporate Goals	309	(1)
Importance of IS Planning	310	(1)
Systems Development Life Cycles	310	(6)
The Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle	310	(1)
Prototyping	311	(1)
Rapid Application Development, Agile Development, Joint Application Development, and Other Systems Development Approaches	311	(2)
The End-User Systems Development Life Cycle	313	(1)
Outsourcing and On Demand Computing	313	(1)
Use of Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools	314	(1)
Object-Oriented Systems Development	314	(2)
Systems Investigation	316	(1)
Initiating Systems Investigation	316	(1)
Feasibility Analysis	316	(1)
Object-Oriented Systems Investigation	317	(1)
The Systems Investigation Report	317	(1)
Systems Analysis	317	(6)
Data Collection	318	(1)
Data Analysis	319	(1)
Requirements Analysis	320	(1)
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis	321	(1)
The Systems Analysis Report	322	(1)
Systems Design	323	(3)
Object-Oriented Design	323	(1)
Generating Systems Design Alternatives	324	(1)
Evaluating and Selecting a System Design	325	(1)
The Design Report	326	(1)
Systems Implementation	326	(6)
Acquiring Hardware from an IS Vendor	327	(1)
Acquiring Software: Make or Buy?	328	(1)
Acquiring Database and Telecommunications Systems	328	(1)
User Preparation	329	(1)
IS Personnel: Hiring and Training	329	(1)
Site Preparation	329	(1)
Data Preparation	330	(1)
Installation	330	(1)
Testing	330	(1)
Start-Up	330	(1)
User Acceptance	331	(1)
Systems Operation and Maintenance	332	(1)
Systems Review	332	(2)
Ethical and Societal Issues: Finding Trust in Computer Systems	334	(6)
Case One: PepsiCo Implements New Procurement System to Minimize Costs	340	(1)
Case Two: Segway Stays Light and Nimble with Outsourced Systems	341	(3)
Security, Privacy, and Ethical Issues in Information Systems and the Internet	344	(45)
Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System, United States	345	(2)
Computer Waste and Mistakes	347	(1)
Computer Waste	347	(1)
Computer-Related Mistakes	347	(1)
Ethical and Societal Issues: Can-SPAM: Deterrent or Accelerant?	348	(1)
Preventing Computer-Related Waste and Mistakes	349	(2)
Establishing Policies and Procedures	349	(1)
Implementing Policies and Procedures	350	(1)
Monitoring Policies and Procedures	351	(1)
Reviewing Policies and Procedures	351	(1)
Computer Crime	351	(2)
The Computer as a Tool to Commit Crime	353	(1)
Cyberterrorism	353	(1)
Identity Theft	353	(1)
The Computer as the Object of Crime	354	(7)
Illegal Access and Use	354	(1)
Data Alteration and Destruction	354	(3)
Using Antivirus Programs	357	(1)
Information and Equipment Theft	358	(1)
Software and Internet Software Piracy	359	(1)
Computer-Related Scams	359	(1)
International Computer Crime	360	(1)
Preventing Computer-Related Crime	361	(6)
Crime Prevention by State and Federal Agencies	361	(1)
Crime Prevention by Corporations	361	(3)
Using Intrusion Detection Software	364	(1)
Using Managed Security Service Providers (MSSPs)	364	(1)
Internet Laws for Libel and Protection of Decency	365	(1)
Preventing Crime on the Internet	366	(1)
Privacy Issues	367	(1)
Privacy and the Federal Government	367	(1)
Information Systems @ Work: UK BioBank Raises Privacy Issues	368	(5)
Privacy at Work	369	(1)
E-Mail Privacy	370	(1)
Privacy and the Internet	370	(1)
Fairness in Information Use	371	(1)
Federal Privacy Laws and Regulations	371	(1)
State Privacy Laws and Regulations	371	(1)
Corporate Privacy Policies	372	(1)
Individual Efforts to Protect Privacy	373	(1)
Ethical Issues in Information Systems	373	(6)
The AITP Code of Ethics	374	(1)
The ACM Code of Professional Conduct	374	(5)
Case One: Working to Reduce the Number of Software Vulnerabilities	379	(1)
Case Two: Beware Spyware!	380	(3)
Part 4 World Views Case: Brandon Trust Develops MIS Capability for Improved Operations and Services	383	(2)
Part 4 World Views Case: Strategic Enterprise Management at International Manufacturing Corporation (IMC)	385	(2)
Part 4 World Views Case: Efforts to Build E-Government and an Information Society in Hungary	387	(2)
Glossary	389	(11)
Index	400