Criminal Law and Procedure

by Scheb, John M.; Scheb, II, John M.

• ISBN13: 9780534535056
• ISBN10: 0534535054
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-07-21
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Intended for the combined Criminal Law and Procedure course offered in the criminal justice department, criminology, and the administration of justice. This is a junior or senior level course in the undergraduate program and can be offered as a graduate level course as well.

The Schebs bring a combined experience that is both practical as well as academic; they also author law texts for West. The text covers all of the necessary content in a manageable fashion and integrates the material in a logical manner. Utilizing extensive case material, this book has been thoroughly updated to include the latest Supreme Court decisions and other developments in criminal justice.

Table of Contents

Preface
PART I Introduction to the Criminal Justice System	1	(36)
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Criminal Law and Procedure	2	(17)
Introduction	3	(1)
What Is a Crime?	4	(3)
Civil and Criminal Law	7	(1)
Substantive and Procedural Criminal Law	7	(1)
The Origins and Sources of the Criminal Law	8	(4)
Constitutional Limitations on the Criminal Justice System	12	(2)
Criminal Punishment	14	(2)
Conclusion	16	(1)
Question for Thought and Discussion	17	(1)
Key Terms	18	(1)
Chapter 2 The Organization of the Criminal Justice System	19	(18)
Introduction	20	(1)
Law Enforcement Agencies	20	(1)
Prosecutorial Agencies	21	(1)
Defense Attorneys	22	(1)
The Courts	22	(4)
Stages of the Criminal Process	26	(8)
The Corrections Systems	34	(1)
Conclusion	35	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	35	(1)
Key Terms	36	(1)
PART II The Substantive Criminal Law	37	(329)
Chapter 3 Constitutional Limitations on the Prohibition of Criminal Conduct	38	(26)
Introduction	39	(1)
Bills of Attainder and Ex Post Facto Laws	40	(1)
The Bill of Rights	40	(1)
The First Amendment Freedoms of Expression and Assembly	41	(5)
Free Exercise of Religion	46	(2)
The Right to Keep and Bear Arms	48	(1)
The Doctrines of Vagueness and Overbreadth	49	(2)
The Prohibition Against Cruel and Unusual Punishments	51	(1)
The Constitutional Right of Privacy	52	(2)
Equal Protection of the Laws	54	(1)
Standards of Judicial Review	54	(1)
The Importance of State Constitutions	55	(1)
Conclusion	56	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	57	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	57	(1)
Key Terms	58	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	58	(6)
Brandenburg v. Ohio	58	(2)
Miller v. California	60	(2)
Griswold V. Connecticut	62	(2)
Chapter 4 Elements of Crimes and Parties to Crimes	64	(16)
Introduction	65	(1)
The Actus Reus (The Act Requirements)	65	(3)
The Mens Rea (The Criminal Intent Requirement)	68	(4)
The Strict Liability Offenses	72	(1)
The Causation Requirements	73	(1)
Parties to a Crime	73	(2)
Conclusion	75	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	76	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	76	(1)
Key Terms	77	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	77	(3)
People v. Valot	77	(1)
Morissette v. United States	78	(2)
Chapter 5 Inchoate Offenses	80	(20)
Introduction	81	(1)
Attempt	81	(3)
Solicitation	84	(2)
Conspiracy	86	(6)
Conclusion	92	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	93	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	93	(1)
Key Terms	94	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	94	(6)
Bucklew v. State	94	(2)
State v. Keen	96	(2)
Gomez v. People	98	(2)
Chapter 6 Offenses Against Persons	100	(54)
Introduction	101	(1)
Assaultive Offenses	102	(5)
Homicide	107	(11)
Suicide	118	(3)
Sexual Battery	121	(9)
Sodomy	130	(1)
Abortion	130	(1)
Abusive Offenses	131	(2)
False Imprisonment and Kidnapping	133	(5)
Civil Rights Offenses	138	(2)
Conclusion	139	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	140	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	140	(2)
Key Terms	142	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	143	(11)
State v. Towers	143	(1)
State v. Corder	144	(1)
Manuel v. State	145	(2)
Krischer v. Mclver	147	(2)
State v. Studham	149	(1)
State v. Rothenberg	150	(2)
State v. Snider	152	(2)
Chapter 7 Crimes Against Property	154	(30)
Introduction	155	(1)
The Common-Law Theft Offenses	155	(3)
The Modern Approach to Theft Offenses	158	(5)
Robbery	163	(3)
Forgery and Uttering a Forged Instrument	166	(3)
Worthless Checks and Credit Card Fraud	169	(1)
Habitation Offenses	170	(4)
Malicious Mischief	174	(1)
Extortion	174	(1)
Defenses to Crimes Involving Property	175	(1)
Conclusion	176	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	176	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	177	(1)
Key Terms	177	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	178	(6)
State v. Richard	178	(1)
Jones v. Commonwealth	179	(1)
State v. Gomes	180	(2)
State v. Feldt	182	(1)
State v. Tonnisen	183	(1)
Chapter 8 Offenses Against Public Morality	184	(28)
Introduction	185	(2)
Criminal Prohibitions of Sexual Conduct	187	(5)
Indecent Exposure	192	(1)
Obscenity	193	(6)
Gambling	199	(4)
Conclusion	203	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	203	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	204	(1)
Key Terms	204	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	204	(8)
Bowers v. Hardwick	204	(3)
Austin v. State	207	(1)
Radey v. State	208	(1)
United States v. Pinelli	209	(3)
Chapter 9 Alcohol and Drug Offenses	212	(19)
Introduction	213	(1)
Drug Offenses	213	(5)
Drug Courts: A New Approach	218	(1)
Intoxication Offenses	219	(4)
Conclusion	223	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	223	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	224	(1)
Key Terms	224	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	225	(6)
Robinson v. California	225	(1)
Embry v. State	226	(1)
Powell v. Texas	227	(2)
People v. Randolph	229	(2)
Chapter 10 White-Collar and Organized Crime	231	(24)
Introduction	232	(1)
Legal Principles Governing White-Collar Crimes	232	(2)
Common Federal White-Collar Crimes	234	(8)
Organized Crime	242	(3)
Defenses in White-Collar and Organized Crime Cases	245	(1)
Conclusion	245	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	246	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	247	(1)
Key Terms	248	(7)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	248	(7)
Evans v. United States	248	(2)
United States v. Gambino	250	(1)
United States v. Lewis	251	(4)
Chapter 11 Offenses Against Public Health and the Environment	255	(19)
Introduction	256	(1)
Public Health Regulation	256	(3)
Planning and Zoning Activities	259	(1)
The Scope of Fedral and State Environmental Laws	260	(5)
Noise Pollution	265	(2)
Antismoking Legislation	267	(1)
Fish and Game Laws	267	(2)
Conclusion	269	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	269	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	270	(1)
Key Terms	270	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	271	(3)
United States v. Sellers	271	(3)
Chapter 12 Offenses Against Public Order and Safety	274	(21)
Introduction	275	(1)
Breaches of the Peace	275	(3)
Constitutional Limitations on Defining Breaches of the Peace	278	(3)
Vagrancy and Loitering	281	(3)
Traffic Violations	284	(1)
Weapons Offenses	285	(2)
Conclusion	287	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	287	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	288	(1)
Key Terms	289	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	289	(6)
State v. Mast	289	(2)
Commonwealth v. Young	291	(2)
State v. Young	293	(1)
United States v. Evans	294	(1)
Chapter 13 Offenses Against Justice and Public Administration	295	(23)
Introduction	296	(1)
Bribery	296	(3)
Perjury	299	(3)
Obstruction of Justice	302	(1)
Resisting Arrest	303	(1)
Compounding a Crime	304	(1)
Escape	305	(2)
Contempt	307	(2)
Conclusion	309	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	310	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	310	(1)
Key Terms	311	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	312	(6)
State v. Gustafson	312	(1)
United States v. Scott	313	(2)
State v. Blanton	315	(2)
State v. Ring	317	(1)
Chapter 14 Criminal Responsibility and Defenses	318	(48)
Introduction	319	(1)
Defenses in General	319	(1)
Defenses Asserting Lack of Capacity to Commit a Crime	320	(7)
Defenses Asserting Excuse or Justification	327	(6)
Defenses Justifying the Use of Force	333	(6)
Defenses Based on Constitutional and Statutory Authority	339	(6)
Defenses Based on Improper Government Conduct	345	(4)
Nontraditional Defenses	349	(3)
Conclusion	352	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	353	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	353	(2)
Key Terms	355	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	356	(10)
Latimore v. State	356	(1)
United States v. Freeman	357	(1)
State v. Freeman	358	(2)
People v. Greene	360	(2)
Cruz v. State	362	(4)
PART III Law Enforcement and Criminal Procedure	366	(256)
Chapter 15 Search and Seizure	366	(48)
Introduction	367	(1)
Historical Background	367	(2)
When, Where, and to Whom the Fourth Amendment Applies	369	(5)
The Scope of Privacy Protected by the Fourth Amendment	374	(3)
The Warrant Requirement	377	(8)
Exceptions to the Warrant Requirement	385	(4)
Exceptions to the Probable Cause Requirement	389	(2)
Technology and the Fourth Amendment	391	(3)
The Exclusionary Rule	394	(3)
Conclusions	397	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	398	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	399	(1)
Key Terms	400	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	400	(14)
Katz v. United States	400	(2)
Illinois v. Gates	402	(4)
United States v. Ross	406	(2)
Mapp v. Ohio	408	(2)
United States v. Leon	410	(4)
Chapter 16 Arrest, Interrogation, and Identification	414	(35)
Introduction	415	(1)
Arrest, Investigatory Detention, and Other Police-Citizen Encounters	415	(11)
Interrogation and Confessions	426	(5)
Identification Procedures	431	(3)
Conclusion	434	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	435	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	435	(1)
Key Terms	436	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	437	(12)
Whren v. United States	437	(2)
Tennessee v. Garner	439	(2)
Miranda v. Arizona	441	(3)
New York v. Quarles	444	(2)
United States v. Wade	446	(3)
Chapter 17 The Pretrial Process	449	(44)
Introduction	450	(1)
The Right to Counsel	451	(4)
Disposition of Petty Offenses	455	(1)
The Initial Court Appearance	456	(1)
Pretrial Release and Pretrial Detention	457	(2)
The Formal Charging Process	459	(3)
The Grand Jury	462	(2)
Extradition	464	(1)
Jurisdiction and Venue	465	(1)
Joinder and Severance	466	(3)
Pretrial Motions Arraignment	471	(1)
Plea Bargaining	472	(2)
Availability of Compulsory Process	474	(1)
Pretrial Discovery	474	(4)
The Right to a Speedy Trail	478	(1)
Conclusion	478	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	479	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	479	(2)
Key Terms	481	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	481	(12)
Scott v. Illinois	482	(2)
United States v. Salerno	484	(2)
United States v. Calandra	486	(3)
Boykin v. Alabama	489	(1)
Bordenkircher v. Hayes	490	(3)
Chapter 18 The Criminal Trial	493	(47)
Introduction	494	(1)
The Right to Trial by Jury	494	(3)
Representation by Counsel	497	(1)
Selection of the Jury	498	(5)
Free Press versus Fair Trial	503	(2)
"Order in the Court"	505	(2)
The Rules of Evidence	507	(10)
The Trial Process	517	(11)
Conclusion	528	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	529	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	530	(1)
Key Terms	531	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	532	(8)
Williams v. Florida	532	(2)
Baston v. Kentucky	534	(3)
Jackson v. State	537	(3)
Chapter 19 Sentencing and Punishment	540	(49)
Introduction	541	(2)
Contemporary Forms of Criminal Punishment	543	(5)
The Death Penalty	548	(8)
The Sentencing Stage of the Criminal Process	556	(4)
Granting and Revoking Probation	560	(2)
Approaches to Incarceration	562	(6)
The Rights of Prisoners	568	(4)
The Rights of Crime Victims	572	(1)
Conclusion	573	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	574	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	575	(1)
Key Terms	576	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	576	(13)
Furman v. Georgia	576	(4)
Gregg v. Georgia	580	(2)
Payne v. Tennessee	582	(3)
Koon v. United States	585	(4)
Chapter 20 Appeal and Postconviction Relief	589	(33)
Introduction	590	(1)
Appeal of Right	590	(6)
The Appellate Process	596	(6)
Postconviction Relief	602	(8)
NonJudicial Remedies Available to Persons Convicted of Crimes	610	(1)
Conclusion	610	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	611	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	612	(1)
Key Terms	613	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	613	(9)
Douglas v. California	613	(2)
Felker v. Turpin	615	(7)
PART IV Specialized Topics in Criminal Law and Procedure	622	(43)
Chapter 21 Juvenile Justice	622	(22)
Introduction	623	(1)
Establishment of the Juvenile Justice System	624	(2)
Search and Seizure Involving Juveniles	626	(1)
Arrest and Interrogation of Juveniles	627	(1)
Juvenile Diversionary Programs	628	(1)
Adjudication of Juvenile Offenses	629	(2)
Disposition of Juvenile Delinquency Cases	631	(1)
Postdispositional Remedies	632	(1)
Trial and Punishment of Juvenile Offenders as Adults	632	(2)
The Death Penalty for Juvenile Offenders	634	(1)
Curfews	634	(1)
Conclusion	635	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	636	(1)
Problems for Discussion and Solution	636	(1)
Key Terms	637	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	637	(7)
Schall v. Martin	637	(2)
Commonwealth v. McDonald	639	(2)
Stanford v. Kentucky and Wilkins v. Missouri	641	(3)
Chapter 22 The Military Justice System	644	(21)
Introduction	645	(1)
Background of the Military Justice System	645	(2)
Constitutional Issues in Military Justice	647	(2)
Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ)	649	(1)
Adverse Administrative Actions	650	(1)
Criminal Procedure in the Military Justice System	651	(2)
Court-Martial Proceedings	653	(2)
Appellate Review	655	(1)
Evaluation of the Military Justice System	656	(1)
Conclusion	657	(1)
Questions for Thought and Discussion	657	(1)
Problem for Discussion and Solution	658	(1)
Key Terms	659	(1)
Excerpts from Judicial Decisions	659	(6)
Solorio v. United States	659	(2)
United States v. Johnson	661	(4)
Appendix A Access to the Law Through Legal Research	665	(18)
The Nature of Legal Research	665	(1)
Primary Legal Sources	665	(9)
Secondary Legal Sources	674	(5)
Computerized Legal Research	679	(1)
How to Research a Specific Point of Law	680	(3)
Conclusion	681	(2)
Appendix B Constitution of the United States of America	683	(16)
Glossary	699	(28)
Table of Cases	727	(8)
Index	735