Criminal Procedure (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by Samaha, Joel

• ISBN13: 9780534550103
• ISBN10: 053455010X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-26
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE helps you understand the central theme in constitutional democracies--balancing the need for government power to protect public safety with the guarantee of individual liberty and privacy. By focusing on comprehension and not memorization, the textbook helps you understand our criminal procedures and why we need them. This text examines the constitutional requirements of criminal procedure and how these requirements are applied by the courts to law enforcement, prosecution, defense, pre-trial proceedings, adjudication, sentencing, appeal, and habeas corpus. And to ensure that you succeed in your course, you'll find helpful in-text learning aids as well as a companion CD-ROM packaged with every new copy of the book.

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Criminal Procedure: A Question of Balance	1	(32)
Balance-The Essence of Criminal Procedure	2	(1)
Society and Individual	2	(1)
Ends and Means	3	(1)
Playing by the Rules	3	(6)
Burden of Proof	3	(3)
Adversary Process	6	(1)
Accusatory System	6	(1)
Due Process	7	(1)
Human Dignity	8	(1)
History of Criminal Procedure	9	(2)
Individual Liberty, Privacy, and the ``War on Drugs''	11	(1)
How to Read, Analyze, and Find Cases	12	(13)
Federal, State, and Local Governments	25	(1)
Separation of Powers	26	(2)
Deciding Cases and Promoting Values	28	(1)
Summary	29	(4)
The Criminal Process	33	(16)
Introduction	34	(2)
Detection and Investigation	36	(3)
Arrest	37	(1)
Searches	38	(1)
Bookings	38	(1)
Follow-up Investigation	38	(1)
Prosecution	39	(1)
Adjudication	39	(5)
First Appearance	40	(1)
Testing the Government's Case	40	(1)
Arraignment	41	(1)
Pretrial Motions	41	(1)
Trials	42	(1)
Sentencing	42	(1)
Review Proceedings	43	(1)
Discretion and the Criminal Process	44	(2)
Summary	46	(3)
The Constitution and Criminal Procedure	49	(37)
Constitutionalism	50	(1)
The Sources of Criminal Procedure	51	(3)
The U.S. Constitution and Federal Courts	53	(1)
State Constitutions and State Courts	53	(1)
Federal and State Statutes and Rules	53	(1)
Model Codes and Rules	54	(1)
The Supremacy Clause and Judical Review	54	(1)
Due Process of Law	55	(21)
History of the Due Process Clause	55	(19)
The Incorporation Doctrine	74	(2)
Equal Protection of the Law	76	(7)
Summary	83	(3)
Searches and Seizures	86	(49)
Purposes of Searches and Seizures	87	(1)
Purpose of the Fourth Amendment	87	(1)
Fourth Amendment Analysis	88	(1)
Fourth Amendment ``Searches''	89	(34)
``Expectation of Privacy''	91	(7)
Plain View, Hearing, Smell, and Touch	98	(1)
High-Tech Enhancement of Ordinary Senses	99	(12)
Open Fields	111	(1)
Public Places	112	(1)
Abandoned Property	112	(11)
Fourth Amendment ``Seizures''	123	(8)
Summary	131	(4)
Stop and Frisk	135	(75)
Introduction	136	(1)
The Constitution and Criminal Investigation	137	(1)
Stops, Frisks, and Public Policy	137	(1)
Stop-and-Frisk Law	137	(16)
Two Approaches to Stop-and-Frisk Law	139	(1)
The Test of ``Reasonableness''	139	(1)
Terry v. Ohio and Stop-and-Frisk Law	140	(13)
Stops	153	(48)
Definition of Fourth Amendment Stops	153	(2)
Reasonable Suspicion	155	(19)
Scope of Reasonable Stops	174	(12)
Stops at International Borders	186	(5)
Roadblocks	191	(10)
Frisks	201	(5)
Definition of Frisk	201	(1)
Reasonable Suspicion for Frisks	201	(1)
Scope of Lawful Frisks	202	(4)
Summary	206	(4)
Seizures of Persons: Arrest	210	(34)
Purposes of Arrest and Arrest Law	211	(1)
The Definition of Arrest	211	(4)
Probable Cause	215	(14)
The Manner of Arrest	229	(12)
The Warrant Requirement	230	(2)
Arrests in Homes	232	(3)
Deadly Force	235	(2)
Nondeadly Force	237	(4)
The Period After Arrest	241	(1)
Summary	241	(3)
Searches for Evidence	244	(79)
The Importance of the Power to Search	245	(1)
Searches with Warrants	246	(16)
The Particularity Requirement	246	(11)
The Knock-and-Announce Rule	257	(5)
Searches Without Warrants	262	(57)
Searches Incident to (at the time of) Arrest	263	(19)
Consent Searches	282	(20)
Vehicle Searches	302	(11)
Emergency Searches	313	(6)
Container Searches	319	(1)
Summary	319	(4)
Special-Needs Searches	323	(27)
Introduction	324	(1)
Inventory Searches	325	(5)
Border Searches	330	(1)
Airport Searches	331	(1)
Searches of Prisoners	331	(3)
Searches of Probationers and Parolees	334	(1)
Searches of Visitors and Employees of Prisons and Jails	334	(5)
Searches of Students	339	(4)
Employee Drug Testing	343	(4)
Summary	347	(3)
Police Interrogation and Confessions	350	(59)
The Confession and Interrogation Setting	351	(1)
The Importance of Interrogation and Confessions	352	(1)
The Abuse of Interrogation	353	(1)
The Constitution and Self-Incrimination	354	(50)
The Due Process Approach	355	(1)
The Right-to-Counsel Approach	356	(1)
The Self-Incrimination Approach	357	(1)
The Meaning of ``Witness against Himself''	358	(4)
The Meaning of ``Compelled''	362	(1)
The Importance of Miranda v. Arizona	363	(13)
The Effects of Miranda v. Arizona	376	(1)
The Meaning of Interrogation	377	(8)
The Meaning of Custody	385	(3)
The Public Safety Exception to Miranda v. Arizona	388	(4)
Waiver of Miranda Rights	392	(2)
Voluntary Self-Incrimination	394	(10)
Coerced Confessions and the ``Harmless Error Rule''	404	(1)
Summary	404	(5)
Identification Procedures	409	(43)
Importance and Dangers of Eyewitness Identification	410	(3)
The Constitution and Identification Procedures	413	(1)
Lineups	414	(7)
Show-Ups	421	(5)
Photographic Identification	426	(13)
Refusal to Cooperate in Identification Procedures	439	(1)
DNA Profile Identification	439	(9)
Summary	448	(4)
Constitutional Violations: Exclusionary Rule and Other Process Remedies	452	(56)
Nature and Kinds of Remedies	453	(1)
The Exclusionary Rule	454	(27)
History of the Exclusionary Rule	454	(8)
Justifications for the Exclusionary Rule	462	(2)
Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule	464	(15)
Social Costs and Deterrent Effects	479	(2)
Other Process Remedies	481	(23)
Dismissal	481	(5)
The Defense of Entrapment	486	(11)
Reversible Error	497	(1)
Expungement of Arrest Records	498	(6)
Internal Disciplinary Procedures	504	(1)
Summary	504	(4)
Constitutional Violations: Suing the Government	508	(24)
Introduction	509	(1)
State Civil Actions	509	(1)
Federal Civil Actions	510	(16)
Injunction	526	(4)
Summary	530	(2)
Starting Court Proceedings	532	(44)
The Initiation of Formal Proceedings	533	(1)
The Decision to Charge	534	(3)
Probable Cause Determination	537	(5)
First Appearance	542	(2)
Informing Suspects of Their Rights	542	(1)
Detaining and Releasing Defendants	543	(1)
The Constitution and Bail	544	(9)
Preventive Detention	546	(3)
Conditions of Pretrial Confinement	549	(4)
The Right to Counsel	553	(19)
When the Right to Counsel Attaches	560	(2)
The Meaning of ``All Criminal Prosecutions''	562	(4)
The Standard of Indigence	566	(1)
The Right to Effective Counsel	567	(5)
Summary	572	(4)
Pretrial, Trial, and Conviction	576	(48)
Testing the Government's Case	577	(7)
Grand Jury Review and Preliminary Hearings	578	(1)
Preliminary Hearing	578	(1)
Grand Jury Review	579	(4)
Summary of Preliminary Hearing and Grand Jury Review	583	(1)
Arraignment	584	(1)
Pretrial Motions	584	(9)
Double Jeopardy Motions	584	(3)
Speedy Trial Motions	587	(2)
Change-of-Venue and Continuance Motions	589	(3)
Change-of-Judge Motions	592	(1)
Motions to Suppress	592	(1)
Conviction	593	(20)
Jury Trial	594	(9)
The Right to a Public Trial	603	(10)
Conviction by Guilty Plea	613	(4)
Summary	617	(7)
After Conviction	624	(38)
After Conviction	625	(1)
Sentencing	625	(25)
Sentencing Authority	627	(1)
Guidelines and Mandatory Minimum Sentencing	628	(17)
Offenders' Rights at Sentencing	645	(5)
Appeals	650	(6)
Habeas Corpus	656	(2)
Summary	658	(4)
Appendix Constitution of the United States	662	(15)
Glossary	677	(7)
Table of Cases	684	(8)
Index	692