Critical Thinking in Nursing An Interactive Approach

by Rubenfeld, M. Gaie; Scheffer, Barbara K.

• ISBN13: 9780781716345
• ISBN10: 0781716349
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-15
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This text makes learning and teaching a lot easier! Using a nursing process framework, this active learning book helps students develop effective thinking skills. Readable, thorough and well-organized, the book's practical approach covers all aspects of critical thinking, and progresses from less complex to more complex material. Activities throughout the text encourage readers to identify, value, and enhance their thinking. Multiple examples of concepts from everyday life and nursing situations help readers apply learned information. Special features include: Action Learning exercises; Tracking Nursing Thinking checklists; Thinking-Learning Checks; multi-cultural focus; and numerous case studies. New in this edition: chapter on Designing Care: A Nurse and Patient Thinking Partnership; Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC); and a New Foreword by the authors of NIC.

Table of Contents

Part I Overview of Thinking, Doing, and the Nursing Process	1	(126)
1 Thinking	3	(26)
Ways of Thinking	4	(16)
Obstacles to High-Quality Thinking	20	(2)
Things That Make Your Thinking Unique	22	(3)
Closing Comments	25	(4)
2 Doing	29	(18)
Doing in Nursing	29	(6)
Factors Affecting Doing	35	(11)
Intertwining Doing and Thinking	46	(1)
3 Thinking and Doing and the Nursing Process: The "How" of Great Nursing	47	(22)
An Equation for Great Nursing	47	(4)
The Nursing Process	51	(3)
A Bit of Background: Tracking the Roots of the Nursing Process	54	(4)
Cautions and Clarifications About Standardized Languages and Standardized Care	58	(1)
Definitions of the Nursing Process Components	59	(5)
Sequencing the Components of the Nursing Process	64	(3)
Cycling and Recycling the Nursing Process	67	(2)
4 Application of Thinking and Doing in the Nursing Process	69	(22)
Applying Personal Thinking Approaches	69	(4)
Tracking Thinking Through the Nursing Process	73	(7)
Continued Tracking of Ken's Thinking Through the Nursing Process	80	(10)
Reexamining Your Thinking About the Nursing Process	90	(1)
5 Nursing Conclusions	91	(18)
The Purpose of Nursing Conclusions	91	(1)
Why Learn About Conclusions at the Beginning?	92	(1)
Personal Conclusion-Making Style	92	(2)
Nursing Conclusions	94	(10)
Types of Thinking Required to Develop Nursing Conclusions	104	(3)
"Concluding" Comments	107	(2)
6 Major Nursing Conclusions of Assessment	109	(18)
Strengths	109	(3)
Health Concerns	112	(11)
Interdisciplinary Problems	123	(1)
Problems for Referral	124	(1)
Conclusion About Conclusions	125	(2)
Part II Details of Thinking and the Nursing Process	127	(102)
7 Health Detectives: Data Collection and Data Analysis	129	(20)
Nurses as Health Detectives: Overview	129	(1)
Finding Clues (Data Collection) and Making Sense Out of Clues (Data Analysis)	130	(17)
Closing Comments	147	(2)
8 Making More Sense of Clues: Cluster Analysis	149	(26)
Definitions and Importance of Clusters	152	(2)
What Clusters Look Like	154	(5)
How to Cluster	159	(2)
Aids to Forming Clusters	161	(5)
Choosing the Best Clusters	166	(5)
Pitfalls to Clustering	171	(1)
Selecting the Best Labels for the Best Clusters	172	(2)
Closing Comments	174	(1)
9 Designing Care: A Nurse/Patient Thinking Partnership	175	(30)
The Conclusions of Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating	175	(2)
Completing the Cycle of the Nursing Process	177	(3)
Designing Care (Planning)	180	(2)
Setting Priorities	182	(7)
Identifying Desired Patient Outcomes	189	(14)
Closing Comments	203	(2)
10 Designing, Doing, and Determining Quality of Care: a.k.a. Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating	205	(24)
Doing (Implementing) Care	206	(3)
Nursing Interventions	209	(6)
Identifying Sound Rationales	215	(3)
Designing Care for Interdisciplinary Problems and Problems for Referral	218	(1)
A Brief Return to Implementing	218	(1)
Determining Quality of Care (Evaluating)	219	(6)
Thinking With Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating	225	(3)
Closing Comments	228	(1)
Part III Communicating Thinking and the Nursing Process	229	(56)
11 Written and Verbal Communication of Thinking and Doing	231	(30)
Description of Clear Communication	232	(1)
Purposes of Clear Communication	232	(1)
Verbal Communication	233	(7)
Written Communication: Documentation	240	(13)
The Finer Points of Written Communication	253	(6)
Closing Comments	259	(2)
12 Consequences of Thinking and Not Thinking When Documenting	261	(24)
Relationship of the Nursing Process to the Process of Documentation	262	(5)
Case Studies Illustrating Appropriate and Inappropriate Documentation	267	(8)
Documentation as Part of Quality Assurance	275	(4)
Documentation and Incident Reports	279	(2)
Legal Ramifications of Documentation	281	(1)
Not Thinking and Litigation	281	(1)
Closing Comments: The Importance of Thinking and Documenting	282	(3)
Part IV Thinking Through a Complex Patient Situation	285	(96)
13 Assessing a Complex Patient Situation	287	(26)
Returning to the Big Picture of Great Nursing	294	(1)
Tracking Thinking	294	(1)
Tracking Thinking Through Assessment of a Complex Patient Situation	295	(1)
Engaging Thinking Skills and Knowledge	295	(4)
Combining Thinking Skills, Knowledge, the Nursing Process, the Patient, and You (the Nurse)	299	(6)
Major Conclusions of Assessment	305	(4)
Setting Priorities With the Patient	309	(2)
Closing Comments	311	(2)
14 Designing, Doing, and Determining Quality of Care for Actual Problems With Multiple Related Factors	313	(18)
Review of Betty's Actual Problems	314	(3)
The Role of Related Factors and Their Significance to Care	317	(4)
Designing Care With Betty for Her Actual Problems	321	(7)
Doing and Determining Quality of Care With Betty	328	(1)
Closing Comments	329	(2)
15 Designing, Doing, and Determining Quality of Care for Potential (Risk) Problems	331	(18)
Defining Potential (Risk) Problems	332	(4)
Interface of Potential Problems Diagnosed by Nurses, Medical Problems Diagnosed by Physicians, and Problems Diagnosed by Other Providers	336	(1)
Designing Care With Betty for Her Potential Problems	337	(8)
Doing and Determining Quality of Care With Betty for Her Risks	345	(1)
Closing Comments	346	(3)
16 Designing, Doing, and Determining Quality of Care for Wellness Diagnoses, Interdisciplinary Problems, and Problems for Referral	349	(16)
Wellness Diagnoses	350	(2)
Interdisciplinary Problems	352	(4)
Problems for Referral	356	(5)
Concluding Comments on Designing, Doing, and Determining Quality of Care for Wellness Diagnoses, Interdisciplinary Problems, and Problems for Referral	361	(1)
Summary of Chapters 13 Through 16	362	(3)
17 Thinking Into the Future: From Linear Equation to a Paradigm of Great Nursing and Beyond	365	(16)
Where You Started	365	(1)
Where You Are	366	(5)
Where You Are Going	371	(2)
How Will Critical Thinking Grow in Nursing?	373	(4)
Continuing the Journey	377	(4)
Appendix A Nursing Diagnoses, North American Nursing Diagnosis Association, 1999-2000	381	(4)
Appendix B Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) Taxonomy	385	(14)
Appendix C Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) Outcomes and Measurement Scales	399	(11)
Appendix D Tracking Nursing Thinking (TNTa) Checklist: Guidelines for Use	410	(4)
Appendix E Tracking Nursing Thinking (TNTb) Guidelines and Checklist (Streamlined for Assessment and Planning Only)	414	(2)
Appendix F Thinking Worksheet for Tracking Nursing Thinking (TNTb) Checklist	416	(1)
Appendix G Care Planning in the Form of a Mind Map	417	(2)
Bibliography	419	(6)
Index	425