Introduction | |
The Five Fields of Anthropology | |
What Is Distinctive about Cultural Anthropology? | |
Why Study Anthropology? | |
The Nature of Culture | |
Definitions of Culture | |
Society, Subculture, and Sociocultural System | |
Science and the Relativity of Truth | |
Fieldwork and the Mental and Behavioral Aspects of Culture | |
The Universal Pattern | |
The Diversity of Anthropological Theories | |
Cultural Materialism | |
The Evolution of the Capacity for Culture | |
Genes and Natural Selection | |
Nonhuman Culture | |
The Evolution of the Hominids | |
Apes and Language | |
Aggressive versus Cooperative Behavior among Apes | |
Language and Culture | |
Universal Features of Language | |
Structural Linguistics: Elements of Language Analysis | |
Biological and Cultural Aspects of Language | |
Language Issues and Theories | |
Sociolinguistics | |
Production | |
Evolution of Energy Production | |
The Influence of the Environment and Ecology | |
Carrying Capacity and the Law of Diminishing Returns | |
Hunting and Gathering | |
Agriculture | |
Pastoralism | |
Energy and the Evolution of Culture | |
Industrial Food Energy Systems | |
Reproduction | |
The Relation between Production and Reproduction | |
Population Pressure versus Population Growth | |
Preindustrial Reproductive Practices | |
The Costs and Benefits of Rearing Children | |
The Contraception, Abortion, and Infanticide Debate | |
Industrial Modes of Reproduction | |
Women's Status, Education, and Fertility | |
Human Sexuality | |
Sex versus Gender | |
Human Sexuality | |
Heterosexuality | |
Restrictive versus Permissive Cultures | |
Male Homosexuality | |
Female Homosexuality | |
Economic Organization | |
Definition of Economy | |
Exchange | |
Redistributive Exchange | |
Reciprocity versus Redistribution | |
The Infrastructural Basis of Redistribution and Reciprocity | |
Stratified Redistribution | |
Price Market Exchange: Buying and Selling | |
Patterns of Work | |
Domestic Life | |
The Household and the Domestic Sphere of Culture | |
Family Groups and the Mode of Production and Reproduction | |
What Is Marriage? | |
Economic Aspects of Marriage | |
Preferential Marriages | |
Domestic Groups and the Avoidance of Incest | |
Descent, Locality, and Kinship | |
Kinship | |
Descent | |
Descent Rules: Cognatic and Unilineal Descent | |
Postmarital Locality Patterns | |
Kinship Terminologies | |
Kin Terms Are Negotiated, Not Written in Stone | |
Law, Order, and War in Nonstate Societies | |
Law and Order in Band and Village Societies | |
Headmanship | |
The Leopard Skin Chief | |
Nonkin Associations: Sodalities | |
Warfare among Hunters and Gatherers | |
Warfare among Sedentary Village Societies | |
Why War? | |
Warfare, the Politics of Prestige, and the Big Man System | |
Origins and Anatomy of the State | |
The Evolution of Big Man Systems into Chiefdoms | |
Infrastructural and Structural Aspects of Political Control | |
The Origins of States | |
Ideology as a Source of Power | |
The State and Physical Coercion | |
Class and Caste | |
Class and Power | |
Peasant Classes | |
The Image of Limited Good | |
Castes in India | |
Ethnicity, Race, and Racism | |
Ethnicity | |
Biological Races versus Social Races versus Ethnic Groups | |
The Competitive Dynamics of Ethnic and Racial Groups | |
Defining Racism | |
Gender Hierarchies | |
Gender Differences | |
Gender Ideologies | |
The Relativity of Gender Ideologies | |
Are Women Equally Represented in Ethnographies | |
Gender Hierarchy | |
Variations in Gender Hierarchies | |
Causes of Variation in Gender Hierarchies | |
Hoes, Plows, and Gender Hierarchies | |
Gender and Exploitation | |
Gender and Hyperindustrialism | |
Psychological Anthropology | |
Culture and Personality | |
Cultural Patterns and Themes | |
Basic Personality Structure | |
Childhood Training and Personality | |
The Influence of Subsistence Patterns | |
Subsistence and Adult Personality | |
Schemas and Cognition | |
Culture and Mental Illness | |
Religion | |
Animism | |
Animatism and Mana | |
Natural and Supernatural | |
Magic and Religion | |
The Organization of Religious Beliefs and Practices | |
Religion and Political Economy: High Gods | |
Revitalization Movements | |
Taboo, Religion, and Ecology | |
Art | |
What Is Art? | |
Art as a Cultural Category | |
The Evolution of Music and Dance | |
Verbal Arts | |
Applied Anthropology | |
What Is Applied Anthropology? | |
Research, Theory, and Action | |
What Do Applied Anthropologists Have to Offer? | |
Applied Anthropology and Development | |
Medical Anthropology | |
Refugee Health Care | |
Demographics: The U.S. Census Undercount | |
Forensics | |
Business and Anthropology | |
Poverty and Health | |
Anthropological Advocacy | |
A History of Theories of Culture | |
Glossary | |
Index | |
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