Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities, Alternate Edition (with CD-ROM)

by Cunningham, Lawrence S.; Reich, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780534582272
• ISBN10: 0534582273
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-05-31
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Trusted by professors of the humanities survey course for over twenty years, CULTURE AND VALUES covers Western cultures along with important non-Western cultures, providing students solid, accessible introductions to art, music, philosophy, literature, and more. Available in two volumes, or as an alternate single volume without end-of-chapter readings, this text remains the most readable and reliable textbook for college and university students in the integrated humanities.

Table of Contents

The Beginnings of Civilization	3	(30)
The Earliest People and Their Art	3	(10)
The Cultures of Mesopotamia	6	(5)
Ancient Egypt	11	(2)
Values Mortality	13	(4)
Voices of Their Times Love, Marriage, and Divorce in Ancient Egypt	17	(2)
Aegean Culture in the Bronze Age	19	(8)
Cycladic Art	20	(1)
The Excavation of Knossos	21	(4)
Schliemann and the Discovery of Mycenae	25	(2)
Summary	27	(1)
Key Terms	28	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	28	(1)
Exercises	29	(1)
Your Resources	29	(1)
Further Reading	29	(4)
Early Greece	33	(24)
Homer and the Heroic Age	33	(4)
Values Destiny	37	(1)
Art and Society in Early Greece	37	(1)
Geometric Art	37	(1)
The Age of Colonization	38	(1)
Voices of Their Times Daily Life in the World of Homer	39	(1)
The Visual Arts at Corinth and Athens	40	(1)
The Beginnings of Greek Sculpture	40	(6)
Sculpture and Painting in the Archaic Period	42	(4)
Architecture: The Doric and Ionic Orders	46	(1)
Music and Dance in Early Greece	46	(3)
Early Greek Literature and Philosophy	49	(3)
Lyric Poetry	49	(1)
The First Philosophers: The Presocratics	50	(1)
Herodotus: The First Greek Historian	51	(1)
Summary	52	(1)
Key Terms	52	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	53	(1)
Exercises	53	(1)
Your Resources	53	(1)
Further Reading	53	(4)
Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Period	57	(32)
The Classical Ideal	57	(2)
Drama and Philosophy in Classical Greece	59	(1)
The Drama Festivals of Dionysus	59	(1)
Values Civic Pride	60	(6)
The Athenian Tragic Dramatists	61	(3)
Aristophanes and Greek Comedy	64	(1)
Philosophy in the Late Classical Period	64	(2)
Greek Music in the Classical Period	66	(1)
The Visual Arts in Classical Greece	67	(7)
Sculpture and Vase Painting in the Fifth Century B.C.E.	67	(1)
Architecture in the Fifth Century B.C.E.	68	(6)
The Visual Arts in the Fourth Century B.C.E.	74	(2)
The Hellenistic Period	76	(6)
Summary	82	(1)
Voices of Their Times Kerdo the Cobbler	83	(1)
Key Terms	84	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	84	(1)
Exercises	85	(1)
Your Resources	85	(1)
Further Reading	85	(4)
The Roman Legacy	89	(32)
The Importance of Rome	89	(2)
The Etruscans and Their Art	91	(1)
Republican Rome (509--31 B.C.E.)	92	(5)
Literary Developments During the Republic	94	(2)
Roman Philosophy and Law	96	(1)
Voices of Their Times A Dinner Party in Imperial Rome	97	(2)
Republican Art and Architecture	98	(1)
Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E.---C.E. 476)	99	(1)
Values Empire	100	(12)
Augustan Literature: Vergil	100	(2)
Augustan Sculpture	102	(2)
The Evidence of Pompeii	104	(4)
Roman Imperial Architecture	108	(4)
Rome as the Object of Satire	112	(1)
The End of the Roman Empire	112	(2)
Late Roman Art and Architecture	113	(1)
Summary	114	(2)
Key Terms	116	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	117	(1)
Exercises	117	(1)
Your Resources	117	(1)
Further Reading	117	(4)
Ancient Civilizations of India and China	121	(18)
Indian Civilization	121	(1)
The Indus Valley Civilization	121	(1)
The Aryans	121	(3)
Buddha	123	(1)
Voices of Their Times War and Religion in the Age of Ashoka	124	(1)
The Emperor Ashoka	124	(1)
Hindu and Buddhist Art	125	(1)
The Gupta Empire and Its Aftermath	126	(1)
Gupta Literature and Science	126	(1)
The Collapse of Gupta Rule	127	(1)
The Origins of Civilization in China	127	(2)
The Chou Dynasty	128	(1)
Confucianism and Taoism	128	(1)
The Unification of China: The Ch'in, Han, and T'ang Dynasties	129	(3)
The Arts in Classical China	131	(1)
Summary	132	(2)
Key Terms	134	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	134	(1)
Exercises	135	(1)
Your Resources	135	(1)
Further Reading	135	(4)
Jerusalem and Early Christianity	139	(18)
Judaism and Early Christianity	139	(4)
The Hebrew Bible and Its Message	140	(3)
Values Revelation	143	(2)
The Beginnings of Christianity	143	(2)
Voices of Their Times Vibia Perpetua	145	(6)
Constantine and Early Christian Architecture	149	(1)
Early Christian Music	149	(2)
Summary	151	(1)
Key Terms	151	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	152	(1)
Exercises	152	(1)
Your Resources	152	(1)
Further Reading	152	(5)
Byzantium	157	(24)
The Decline of Rome	157	(2)
Literature and Philosophy	157	(2)
The Ascendancy of Byzantium	159	(1)
Voices of Their Times Procopius of Caesarea	160	(2)
Church of Hagia Sophia: Monument and Symbol	160	(2)
Ravenna	162	(3)
Art and Architecture	162	(3)
Values Autocracy	165	(8)
Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai	171	(2)
The Persistence of Byzantine Culture	173	(2)
Summary	175	(1)
Key Terms	175	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	176	(1)
Exercises	176	(1)
Your Resources	176	(1)
Further Reading	176	(5)
Islam	181	(16)
Muhammad and the Birth of Islam	181	(9)
The Qur'an	182	(1)
Calligraphy	183	(1)
Islamic Architecture	184	(4)
Sufism	188	(2)
Voices of Their Times Al-Ghazali on the Mystic Path	190	(1)
The Culture of Islam and the West	190	(1)
Values Pure Monotheism	191	(1)
Summary	192	(1)
Key Terms	192	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	192	(1)
Exercises	193	(1)
Your Resources	193	(1)
Further Reading	193	(4)
Charlemagne and the Rise of Medieval Culture	197	(24)
Charlemagne as Ruler and Diplomat	197	(2)
Learning in the Time of Charlemagne	199	(1)
Voices of Their Times An Abbot, an Irish Scholar, and Charlemagne's Biographer	200	(1)
Benedictine Monasticism	200	(2)
The Rule of Saint Benedict	201	(1)
Women and the Monastic Life	201	(1)
Monasticism and Gregorian Chant	202	(1)
Liturgical Music and the Rise of Drama	203	(1)
The Liturgical Trope	203	(1)
The Quem Quaeritis Trope	204	(1)
The Morality Play: Everyman	204	(1)
Nonliturgical Drama	205	(1)
The Legend of Charlemagne: Song of Roland	205	(2)
The Visual Arts	207	(2)
The Illuminated Book	207	(2)
Charlemagne's Palace at Aachen	209	(4)
The Carolingian Monastery	211	(1)
The Romanesque Style	212	(1)
Values Feudalism	213	(2)
Summary	215	(1)
Key Terms	216	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	216	(1)
Exercises	217	(1)
Your Resources	217	(1)
Further Reading	217	(4)
High Middle Ages: The Search for Synthesis	221	(30)
The Significance of Paris	221	(1)
The Gothic Style	221	(12)
Suger's Building Program for Saint Denis	221	(3)
The Mysticism of Light	224	(4)
The Many Meanings of the Gothic Cathedral	228	(4)
Music: The School of Notre Dame	232	(1)
Scholasticism	233	(2)
The Rise of the Universities	233	(2)
Values Dialectics	235	(1)
Voices of Their Times A Medieval Parent and a Student	236	(5)
Francis of Assisi	237	(2)
Thomas Aquinas	239	(2)
Dante's Divine Comedy	241	(4)
Summary	245	(1)
Key Terms	245	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	245	(1)
Exercises	246	(1)
Your Resources	246	(1)
Further Reading	246	(5)
The Fourteenth Century: A Time of Transition	251	(28)
Calamity, Decay, and Violence	251	(2)
The Black Death	251	(1)
The Great Schism	251	(2)
Values Natural Disaster and Human Response	253	(1)
The Hundred Years' War	253	(1)
Literature in Italy, England, and France	253	(3)
Petrarch	253	(2)
Petrarch's Sonnet 15	255	(1)
Chaucer	255	(1)
Voices of Their Times John Ball	256	(1)
Christine de Pisan	257	(1)
Art in Italy	257	(9)
The Italo-Byzantine Background	257	(3)
Giotto's Break with the Past	260	(2)
Painting in Siena	262	(4)
Art in Northern Europe	266	(2)
Late Gothic Architecture	268	(3)
Music: Ars Nova	271	(2)
Summary	273	(1)
Key Terms	274	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	274	(1)
Exercises	274	(1)
Your Resources	274	(1)
Further Reading	274	(5)
The Early Renaissance	279	(32)
Toward the Renaissance	279	(1)
The First Phase: Masaccio, Ghiberti, and Brunelleschi	279	(1)
Voices of Their Times Fra Savonarola	280	(6)
The Medici Era	286	(7)
Cosimo de' Medici	287	(2)
Piero de' Medici	289	(2)
Lorenzo the Magnificent	291	(2)
Values Intellectual Synthesis	293	(6)
The Character of Renaissance Humanism	299	(3)
Pico della Mirandola	300	(1)
Printing Technology and the Spread of Humanism	301	(1)
Women and the Renaissance	301	(1)
Two Styles of Humanism	302	(2)
Machiavelli	302	(1)
Erasmus	302	(2)
Music in the Fifteenth Century	304	(1)
Guillaume Dufay	304	(1)
Music in Medici Florence	304	(1)
Summary	305	(1)
Key Terms	305	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	305	(1)
Exercises	306	(1)
Your Resources	306	(1)
Further Reading	307	(4)
The High Renaissance in Italy	311	(26)
Popes and Patronage	311	(4)
Raphael	311	(1)
Michelangelo	312	(3)
Voices of Their Times Donna Vittoria and Michelangelo	315	(6)
The New Saint Peter's	319	(2)
The High Renaissance in Venice	321	(1)
Giorgione	321	(1)
Values Patronage	322	(3)
Titian	323	(1)
Tintoretto	323	(2)
Mannerism	325	(3)
Lavinia Fontana	327	(1)
Sofonisba Anguissola	327	(1)
Music in the Sixteenth Century	328	(3)
Music at the Papal Court	328	(1)
Venetian Music	329	(1)
Contrasting Renaissance Voices	329	(1)
Castiglione	329	(1)
Cellini	330	(1)
Summary	331	(1)
Key Terms	331	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	332	(1)
Exercises	332	(1)
Your Resources	333	(1)
Further Reading	333	(4)
The Renaissance in the North	337	(34)
The Reformation	338	(2)
Voices of Their Times Katherine Zell	340	(3)
Causes of the Reformation	340	(1)
Renaissance Humanism and the Reformation	341	(2)
Values Reform	343	(2)
Cultural Significance of the Reformation	343	(2)
Intellectual Developments	345	(2)
Montaigne's Essays	345	(1)
The Growth of Science	345	(2)
The Visual Arts in Northern Europe	347	(4)
Painting in Germany: Durer, Grunewald, Altdorfer	347	(4)
Painting in the Netherlands: Bosch and Bruegel	351	(4)
Art and Architecture in France	355	(1)
Art in Elizabethan England	356	(3)
Music of the Northern Renaissance	359	(2)
Music in France and Germany	359	(1)
Elizabethan Music	360	(1)
English Literature: Shakespeare	361	(3)
Summary	364	(1)
Key Terms	365	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	366	(1)
Exercises	366	(1)
Your Resources	366	(1)
Further Reading	366	(5)
The Baroque World	371	(42)
The Counter-Reformation Spirit	371	(2)
The Visual Arts in the Baroque Period	373	(7)
Painting in Rome: Caravaggio and the Carracci	373	(4)
Roman Baroque Sculpture and Architecture: Bernini and Borromini	377	(3)
Baroque Art in France and Spain	380	(7)
Baroque Art in Northern Europe	387	(2)
Voices of Their Times Giambattista Passeri	389	(6)
Baroque Music	395	(5)
The Birth of Opera	396	(1)
Baroque Instrumental and Vocal Music: Johann Sebastian Bach	397	(3)
Philosophy and Science in the Baroque Period	400	(2)
Galileo	400	(1)
Descartes	401	(1)
Values Scientific Truth	402	(2)
Hobbes and Locke	403	(1)
Literature in the Seventeenth Century	404	(3)
French Baroque Comedy and Tragedy	404	(1)
The Novel in Spain: Cervantes	404	(1)
The English Metaphysical Poets	405	(1)
Milton's Heroic Vision	406	(1)
Summary	407	(1)
Key Terms	408	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	408	(1)
Exercises	409	(1)
Your Resources	409	(1)
Further Reading	409	(4)
The Eighteenth Century: From Rococo to Revolution	413	(32)
Age of Diversity	413	(1)
The Visual Arts in the Eighteenth Century	414	(10)
The Rococo Style	414	(6)
Neo-Classical Art	420	(4)
Classical Music	424	(6)
The Classical Symphony	426	(2)
Haydn	428	(1)
Mozart	428	(2)
Literature in the Eighteenth Century	430	(1)
Intellectual Developments	430	(1)
Voices of Their Times Horace Walpole	431	(4)
The Late Eighteenth Century: Time of Revolution	435	(2)
Values Revolution	437	(1)
Summary	438	(1)
Key Terms	439	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	440	(1)
Exercises	440	(1)
Your Resources	440	(1)
Further Reading	440	(5)
The Romantic Era	445	(42)
The Concerns of Romanticism	445	(1)
The Intellectual Background	446	(3)
Music in the Romantic Era	449	(9)
Beethoven	449	(3)
Instrumental Music after Beethoven	452	(1)
The Age of the Virtuosos	453	(1)
Musical Nationalism	454	(1)
Opera in Italy: Verdi	454	(1)
Opera in Germany: Wagner	455	(3)
Romantic Art	458	(10)
Painting at the Turn of the Century: Goya	458	(2)
Painting and Architecture in France: Romantics and Realists	460	(6)
Painting in Germany and England	466	(2)
Literature in the Nineteenth Century	468	(4)
Goethe	468	(1)
Romantic Poetry	469	(1)
The Novel	470	(2)
Voices of Their Times Isabella Bird Meets a Mountain Man	472	(1)
The Romantic Era in America	473	(2)
American Literature	474	(1)
Values Nationalism	475	(3)
American Painting	476	(2)
Summary	478	(3)
Key Terms	481	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	481	(1)
Your Resources	482	(1)
Exercises	482	(1)
Further Reading	482	(5)
Toward the Modern Era: 1870--1914	487	(34)
The Growing Unrest	487	(2)
New Movements in the Visual Arts	489	(16)
Impressionism	490	(6)
Post-Impressionism	496	(4)
Fauvism and Expressionism	500	(5)
New Styles in Music	505	(1)
Orchestral Music at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century	505	(1)
Values Colonialism	506	(2)
Voices of Their Times Gustav Mahler	508	(4)
Impressionism in Music	509	(1)
The Search for a New Musical Language	510	(2)
New Subjects for Literature	512	(2)
Psychological Insights in the Novel	512	(1)
Responses to a Changing Society: The Role of Women	513	(1)
Summary	514	(1)
Key Terms	515	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	516	(1)
Exercises	516	(1)
Your Resources	516	(1)
Further Reading	516	(5)
India, China, and Japan: From the Medieval to the Modern World	521	(22)
India: From Mughal Conquest to British Rule	521	(1)
The Mughal Empire	521	(4)
Mughal Art	521	(3)
The End of Mughal Rule and the Arrival of the British	524	(1)
The Rise of Nationalism	525	(1)
Chinese Culture under Imperial Rule	525	(4)
The Arts under the Ming Dynasty	526	(3)
Voices of Their Times The Emperor of China Studies Western Mathematics	529	(1)
The Qing Dynasty: China and the Western Powers	529	(2)
The Art and Culture of Japan	531	(4)
Early Japanese History and Culture	531	(3)
The Period of Feudal Rule	534	(1)
The Edo Period	534	(1)
Modern Japan: The Meiji	535	(1)
Summary	536	(2)
Key Terms	538	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	538	(1)
Exercises	538	(1)
Your Resources	539	(1)
Further Reading	539	(4)
The Peoples and Cultures of Africa	543	(16)
Religion and Society in Early Africa	543	(1)
Three Early African Kingdoms: Ghana, Benin, and Zimbabwe	543	(3)
African Literature	546	(2)
Traditional African Art in the Modern Period	548	(1)
Voices of Their Times An Arab and a European Visit Africa	549	(2)
The Impact of African Culture on the West	551	(1)
Summary	552	(2)
Key Terms	554	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	554	(1)
Exercises	554	(1)
Your Resources	554	(1)
Further Reading	554	(5)
Between the World Wars	559	(26)
The Great War (World War I) and Its Significance	559	(1)
Literary Modernism	559	(3)
T.S. Eliot and James Joyce	560	(1)
Franz Kafka	560	(1)
Virginia Woolf	560	(2)
Voices of Their Times Virginia Woolf	562	(1)
The Revolution in Art: Cubism	562	(5)
Values Disillusionment	567	(1)
Freud, the Unconscious, and Surrealism	567	(3)
The Age of Jazz	570	(2)
George Gershwin	572	(1)
Duke Ellington	572	(1)
The Harlem Renaissance	572	(1)
Ballet: Collaboration in Art	572	(1)
Art as Escape: Dada	573	(1)
Art as Protest: Guernica	574	(2)
Art as Propaganda: Film	576	(1)
Photography	577	(1)
Art as Prophecy: From Futurism to Brave New World	578	(2)
Summary	580	(1)
Key Terms	580	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	581	(1)
Exercises	581	(1)
Your Resources	581	(1)
Further Reading	581	(4)
The Contemporary Contour	585	(37)
Toward a Global Culture	585	(1)
Existentialism	586	(1)
Painting Since 1945	587	(2)
Voices of Their Times Georgia O'Keeffe	589	(9)
Abstract Expressionism	589	(3)
The Return to Representation	592	(6)
Contemporary Sculpture	598	(4)
Values Liberation	602	(4)
Architecture	606	(7)
Some Trends in Contemporary Literature	613	(3)
A Note on the Postmodern	615	(1)
Music Since 1945	616	(4)
Avant-Garde Developments	616	(1)
The New Minimalists	617	(1)
Traditional Approaches to Modern Music	618	(1)
Popular (Pop) Music	618	(2)
Summary	620	(1)
Key Terms	620	(1)
Pronunciation Guide	621	(1)
Exercises	621	(1)
Your Resources	621	(1)
Further Reading	621	(1)
Glossary	622	(14)
Index	636	(21)
Photo Credits	657	(5)
Literary Credits	662