Current Pediatric Diagnosis and Treatment

by Hay, William W., MD; Hayward, Anthony R., MD; Levin, Myron J., MD; Sondheimer, Judith M., MD

• ISBN13: 9780838516249
• ISBN10: 0838516246
• Edition: 15th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-09-18
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Incorporated

Summary

Thoroughly revised every two years, this complete reference for students and practitioners, provides up-to-date clinical information on the ambulatory and inpatient medical care of children. Presented in an easy-to-use, readable format, this authoritative resource emphasizes ambulatory care, acute critical care, and the practical approach to pediatric disorders.

Table of Contents

Authors	ix
Preface	xvii
The Newborn Infant	1	(59)
Elizabeth H. Thilo
Adam A. Rosenberg
Evaluation of the Newborn Infant	1	(6)
Care of the Well Newborn Infant	7	(4)
Common Problems in the Term Newborn Infant	11	(11)
Neonatal Intensive Care	22	(16)
Cardiac Problems in the Newborn Infant	38	(3)
Gastrointestinal & Abdominal Surgical Conditions in the Newborn Infant	41	(3)
Infections in the Newborn Infant	44	(9)
Hematologic Disorders in the Newborn Infant	53	(2)
Renal Disorders in the Newborn Infant	55	(1)
Neurologic Problems in the Newborn Infant	56	(2)
Metabolic Disorders in the Newborn Infant	58	(2)
Child Development & Behavior	60	(30)
Edward Goldson
Randi J. Hagerman
Normal Development	60	(14)
The First Year	60	(12)
The Second Year	72	(1)
Language Development: Ages 1-4 Years	72	(1)
Early School Years: Ages 5-7 Years	73	(1)
Middle Childhood: Ages 7-11 Years	73	(1)
Behavioral & Developmental Variations	74	(16)
Normality & Temperament	74	(1)
Common Developmental Concerns	75	(1)
Colic	75	(2)
Feeding Disorders in Infants and Young Children	77	(1)
Sleep Disorders	78	(2)
Temper Tantrums & Breath-Holding Spells	80	(3)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	83	(1)
Mental Retardation	84	(2)
Specific Forms of Mental Retardation & Associated Treatment Issues	86	(4)
Adolescence	90	(41)
David W. Kaplan
Kathryn A. Love
Demography	90	(1)
Mortality Data	90	(1)
Morbidity Data	90	(2)
Delivery of Health Services	92	(1)
Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services	92	(8)
Growth & Development	100	(3)
Behavior & Psychological Health	103	(8)
Breast Disorders	111	(3)
Gynecologic Disorders in Adolescence	114	(17)
Substance Abuse in Pediatrics	131	(15)
Catherine Stevens-Simon
Scope of the Problem	131	(4)
Morbidity Associated With Substance Abuse	135	(1)
Response to the Problem	136	(1)
Preventing the Progression from Use to Abuse	136	(1)
Prevention of Substance Abuse	137	(5)
Office-Based Treatment & Referral	142	(4)
Eating Disorders	146	(9)
Eric J. Sigel
Etiology	146	(1)
Incidence	146	(1)
Predisposing Factors	147	(1)
Diagnosis	147	(3)
Complications	150	(2)
Treatment	152	(3)
Psychosocial Aspects of Pediatrics & Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders	155	(35)
Donald W. Bechtold
Family Life	155	(1)
Psychosocial Assessment of Children & Families	156	(1)
Screening for Psychosocial Problems & Psychiatric Disorders within the Context of Health Maintenance Visits	156	(34)
Developmental Disturbances & Concerns	160	(2)
Psychiatric Disorders	162	(11)
Somatoform Disorders	173	(5)
The Chronically Ill Child	178	(2)
Overview of Pediatric Psychopharmacology	180	(10)
Child Abuse & Neglect	190	(6)
Andrew P. Sirotnak
Richard D. Krugman
Forms of Child Maltreatment	190	(1)
Recognition of Abuse & Neglect	191	(3)
Management & Reporting of Child Abuse & Neglect	194	(1)
Prevention of Child Abuse & Neglect	194	(2)
Office Pediatrics	196	(19)
Robert M. Brayden
Pediatric History	196	(3)
Health Supervision Visits	199	(8)
Other Types of Office Visits	207	(5)
Evaluation of the Febrile Infant & Toddler	212	(1)
Growth Deficiency	213	(2)
Immunization	215	(34)
Roberta L. DeBiasi
Eric A. F. Simoes
Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices	215	(1)
Safety of Immunization	215	(4)
The Composition of Immunizing Agents	219	(8)
Poliomyelitis	227	(10)
Vaccinations for Special Situations	237	(9)
Passive Prophylaxis	246	(2)
Legal Issues in Immunization	248	(1)
Normal Childhood Nutrition & Its Disorders	249	(26)
Nancy F. Krebs
K. Michael Hambidge
Nutritional Requirements	249	(13)
Infant Feeding	262	(5)
Intravenous Nutrition	267	(8)
Emergencies, Injuries, & Poisoning	275	(44)
F. Keith Battan
Richard C. Dart
Emergencies & Injuries	275	(18)
Advanced Life Support for Infants & Children	275	(6)
Emergency Pediatric Drugs	281	(1)
Approach to the Seriously Ill Child	281	(2)
Approach to the Pediatric Trauma Patient	283	(4)
Head Injury	287	(2)
Burns	289	(2)
Hypothermia	291	(1)
Submersion Injuries	292	(1)
Bites: Animal & Human	292	(1)
Poisoning	293	(26)
Management of Specific Common Poisonings	298	(21)
Critical Care	319	(25)
Todd C. Carpenter
Emily L. Dobyns
Anthony G. Durmowicz
Margaret A. Ferguson
Kurt R. Stenmark
Acute Respiratory Failure	319	(4)
Mechanical Ventilation	323	(2)
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome	325	(3)
Asthma (Life-Threatening)	328	(2)
Postoperative Cardiac Management	330	(1)
Shock	331	(3)
Indications for Central Venous & Arterial Cannulation	334	(3)
Cerebral Edema	337	(2)
Ethical Considerations in Intensive Care	339	(1)
Nutritional Support after Injury	340	(1)
Pain & Anxiety Control	340	(4)
Skin	344	(19)
Joseph G. Morelli
William L. Weston
General Principles of Diagnosis of Skin Disorders	344	(1)
General Principles of Treatment of Skin Disorders	344	(2)
Disorders of the Skin in Newborns	346	(4)
Common Skin Diseases in Infants, Children & Adolescents	350	(13)
Eye	363	(27)
Allan M. Eisenbaum
Donna B. Ornitz
Common Nonspecific Signs & Symptoms	363	(1)
Refractive Errors	363	(2)
Examination	365	(2)
Ocular Trauma	367	(1)
Injuries to the Eyelids	368	(3)
Disorders of the Ocular Structures	371	(1)
Disorders of the Nasolacrimal System	372	(1)
Diseases of the Conjunctiva	373	(3)
Disorders of the Iris	376	(1)
Glaucoma	377	(1)
Uveitis	377	(1)
AIDS & the Eye	378	(1)
Disorders of the Cornea	379	(1)
Disorders of the Lens	379	(1)
Disorders of the Retina	380	(2)
Diseases of the Optic Nerve	382	(1)
Diseases of the Orbit	383	(1)
Nystagmus	384	(1)
Amblyopia & Strabismus	385	(2)
Unexplained Decreased Vision in Infants & Children	387	(1)
The Blind Child	387	(1)
Learning Disabilities & Dyslexia	388	(1)
Vision Screening	388	(2)
Oral Medicine & Dentistry	390	(10)
William A. Mueller
Oral Examination of the Newborn & Infant	390	(4)
Dental Caries & Periodontal Disease	394	(6)
Ear, Nose, & Throat	400	(28)
Stephen Berman
Candice Johnson
Kenny Chan
Peggy Kelley
The Ear	400	(14)
The Nose & Paranasal Sinuses	414	(5)
The Throat & Oral Cavity	419	(9)
Respiratory Tract & Mediastinum	428	(48)
Gary L. Larsen
Frank J. Accurso
Robin R. Deterding
Ann C. Halbower
Gwendolyn S. Kerby
Carl W. White
Respiratory Tract	428	(45)
Growth & Development	428	(1)
Diagnostic Aids	429	(3)
General Therapy of Pediatric Lung Diseases	432	(1)
Disorders of the Conducting Airways	433	(1)
Congenital Disorders of the Extrathoracic Airway	434	(1)
Acquired Disorders of the Extrathoracic Airway	435	(3)
Congenital Disorders of the Intrathoracic Airways	438	(1)
Acquired Disorders of the Intrathoracic Airways	439	(10)
Congenital Malformations of the Lung	449	(2)
Acquired Disorders Involving Alveoli	451	(12)
Diseases of the Pulmonary Circulation	463	(3)
Disorders of the Chest Wall	466	(2)
Disorders of the Pleura & Pleural Cavity	468	(2)
Disorders of the Control of Breathing	470	(3)
Mediastinum	473	(3)
Mediastinitis	473	(1)
Mediastinal Masses	474	(2)
Cardiovascular Diseases	476	(62)
Henry M. Sondheimer
Mark M. Boucek
D. Dunbar Ivy
Angela Lorts
Michael S. Schaffer
Robert R. Wolfe
Diagnostic Evaluation	476	(10)
Major Clues to Heart Disease in Infants & Children	486	(2)
Congenital Heart Disease	488	(27)
Acquired Heart Disease	515	(9)
Cardiac Transplantation	524	(1)
Disorders of Rate & Rhythm & of Electrolyte Imbalance	525	(13)
Gastrointestinal Tract	538	(31)
Judith M. Sondheimer
Evaluation of the Child With Vomiting	538	(1)
Gastroesophageal Reflux	538	(1)
Achalasia of the Esophagus	539	(1)
Caustic Burns of the Esophagus	540	(1)
Hiatal Hernia	540	(1)
Pyloric Stenosis	540	(1)
Peptic Disease	541	(1)
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia	542	(1)
Congenital Duodenal Obstruction	542	(1)
Congenital Intestinal Atresias & Stenoses	543	(1)
Annular Pancreas	543	(1)
Intestinal Malrotation With or Without Volvulus	544	(1)
Meckel Diverticulum & Omphalomesenteric Duct Remnants	544	(1)
Duplications of the Gastrointestinal Tract	545	(1)
Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease)	545	(1)
Chylous Ascites	546	(1)
Congenital Anorectal Anomalies	547	(1)
Acute Abdomen	547	(1)
Peritonitis	548	(1)
Acute Appendicitis	548	(1)
Intussusception	549	(1)
Foreign Bodies in the Alimentary Tract	550	(1)
Anal Fissure	550	(1)
Inguinal Hernia	550	(1)
Umbilical Hernia	551	(1)
Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract	551	(2)
Acute Infectious Diarrhea (Gastroenteritis)	553	(1)
Chronic Diarrhea	554	(2)
The Malabsorption Syndromes	556	(5)
Constipation	561	(1)
Gastrointestinal Bleeding	562	(2)
Recurrent Abdominal Pain	564	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	565	(4)
Liver & Pancreas	569	(40)
Ronald J. Sokol
Michael R. Narkewicz
Liver	569	(33)
Prolonged Neonatal Cholestatic Jaundice	569	(1)
Intrahepatic Cholestasis	569	(6)
Extrahepatic Neonatal Cholestasis	575	(3)
Other Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemic Conditions (Noncholestatic Nonhemolytic)	578	(2)
Hepatitis A	580	(2)
Hepatitis B	582	(1)
Hepatitis C	583	(1)
Hepatitis D (Delta Agent)	584	(1)
Hepatitis E	584	(1)
Other Hepatitis Viruses	585	(1)
Fulminant Hepatitis (Acute Massive Hepatic Necrosis, Acute Yellow Atrophy)	585	(1)
Autoimmune Hepatitis (Lupoid Hepatitis)	586	(2)
Steatohepatitis	588	(1)
Cirrhosis	588	(1)
Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease	589	(1)
Biliary Tract Disease	590	(4)
Pyogenic & Amebic Liver Abscess	594	(1)
Portal Hypertension	595	(3)
Hepatoma	598	(1)
Wilson Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration)	599	(1)
Reye Syndrome (Encephalopathy with Fatty Degeneration of the Viscera)	600	(2)
Liver Transplantation	602	(1)
Pancreas	602	(7)
Acute Pancreatitis	602	(1)
Chronic Pancreatitis	603	(1)
Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis	604	(1)
Syndromes With Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency	604	(3)
Isolated Exocrine Pancreatic Enzyme Defect	607	(1)
Pancreatic Tumors	607	(2)
Kidney & Urinary Tract	609	(23)
Gary M. Lum
Evaluation of the Kidney & Urinary Tract	609	(4)
Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary Tract	613	(1)
Hematuria & Glomerular Disease	614	(2)
Proteinuria & Renal Disease	616	(2)
Diseases of the Renal Vessels	618	(1)
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	618	(1)
Renal Failure	619	(4)
Renal Hypertension	623	(2)
Inherited or Developmental Defects of the Urinary Tract	625	(5)
Urinary Tract Infections	630	(2)
Neurologic & Muscular Disorders	632	(67)
Paul G. Moe
Alan R. Seay
Neurologic Assessment & Neurodiagnostic Procedures	632	(5)
Disorders Affecting the Nervous System in Infants & Children	637	(42)
Infections & Inflammatory Disorders of the Central Nervous System	679	(10)
Disorders of Childhood Affecting Muscles	689	(6)
Miscellaneous Neuromuscular Disorders	695	(4)
Orthopedics	699	(20)
Robert E. Eilert
Disturbances of Prenatal Origin	699	(5)
Growth Disturbances of the Musculoskeletal System	704	(3)
Degenerative Problems (Arthritis, Bursitis, & Tenosynovitis)	707	(1)
Trauma	707	(4)
Infections of the Bones & Joints	711	(2)
Vascular Lesions & Avascular Necrosis (Osteochondroses)	713	(2)
Neurologic Disorders Involving the Musculoskeletal System	715	(2)
Miscellaneous Diseases of Bone	717	(2)
Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine	719	(14)
Dennis J. Matthews
Pamela E. Wilson
Basic Principles	719	(7)
Common Sports Medicine issues & Injuries	726	(6)
Infectious Diseases	726	(1)
Head & Neck Injuries	726	(1)
Back Injuries	727	(1)
Shoulder Injuries	727	(1)
Elbow & Forearm Injuries	727	(1)
Hand & Wrist Injuries	728	(1)
Hip Injuries	729	(1)
Knee Injuries	730	(1)
Foot & Ankle Injuries	731	(1)
Prevention	732	(1)
Rheumatic Diseases	733	(8)
J. Roger Hollister
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (Juvenile Chronic Arthritis)	733	(2)
Spondyloarthropathy	735	(1)
Enteropathic Arthritis	735	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	736	(1)
Dermatomyositis (Polymyositis)	737	(1)
Polyarteritis Nodosa	738	(1)
Scleroderma	738	(1)
Raynaud Phenomenon	739	(1)
Nonrheumatic Pain Syndromes	739	(1)
Hypermobility Syndrome	740	(1)
Hematologic Disorders	741	(52)
Peter A. Lane
Rachelle Nuss
Daniel R. Ambruso
Bone Marrow Failure	741	(3)
Anemias	744	(20)
Polycythemia & Methemoglobinemia	764	(2)
Disorders of Leukocytes	766	(4)
Bleeding Disorders	770	(12)
Thrombotic Disorders	782	(1)
The Spleen	783	(1)
Transfusion Medicine	784	(9)
Neoplastic Disease	793	(27)
Edythe A. Albano
Linda C. Stork
Brian S. Greffe
Lorrie F. Odom
Nicholas K. Foreman
Lymphomas and lymphoproliferative Disorders	801	(14)
Michael B. Jordan
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation	815	(1)
Douglas K. Graham
Roger H. Giller
Ralph R. Quinones
Late Effects of Pediatric Cancer Therapy	816	(4)
Immunodeficiency	820	(15)
Anthony R. Hayward
Nonspecific Factors in Resistance to Infection	820	(2)
Deficiencies of Specific Immunity	822	(5)
Combined Immunodeficiency Disorders	827	(2)
Other Disorders Associated with Immunodeficiency	829	(2)
Secondary Immunodeficiency	831	(1)
Investigation of Immunodeficiency	832	(3)
Endocrine Disorders	835	(39)
Michael S. Kappy
Joel S. Steelman
Sharon H. Travers
Philip S. Zeitler
General Concepts	835	(1)
Hormone Types	835	(1)
Disturbances of Growth	836	(5)
The Posterior Pituitary Gland	841	(2)
The Thyroid Gland	843	(6)
Disorders of Calcium Homeostasis	849	(7)
The Gonads (Ovaries & Testes)	856	(7)
Adrenal Cortex	863	(11)
Diabetes Mellitus	874	(7)
H. Peter Chase
George S. Eisenbarth
Essentials of Diagnosis & Typical Features	874	(1)
General Considerations	874	(1)
Etiology	874	(1)
Diagnosis	875	(1)
Treatment	875	(2)
Laboratory Evaluations	877	(1)
Acute Complications	878	(2)
Chronic Complications	880	(1)
Inborn Errors of Metabolism	881	(23)
Carol L. Greene
Janet A. Thomas
Stephen I. Goodman
Diagnosis	881	(4)
Management of Metabolic Emergencies	885	(1)
Newborn Screening	886	(1)
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism	886	(2)
Primary Lactic Acidemias & Other Disorders of Energy Metabolism	888	(1)
Disorders of Amino Acid Metabolism	889	(5)
Organic Acidemias	894	(3)
Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation & Carnitine	897	(2)
Disorders of Purine Metabolism	899	(1)
Lysosomal Diseases	899	(2)
Peroxisomal Diseases	901	(1)
Carbohydrate-Deficient Glycoprotein Syndromes	902	(1)
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome	902	(2)
Genetics & Dysmorphology	904	(35)
Eva Sujansky
Janet M. Stewart
David K. Manchester
Chromosomes & Cell Divisions	904	(9)
Chromosome Preparation & Analysis	904	(2)
Chromosome Nomenclature	906	(1)
Chromosome Abnormalities	906	(3)
Abnormalities of Autosomes	909	(2)
Abnormalities of Sex Chromosomes	911	(1)
Recurrence Risks	912	(1)
Other Chromosome Abnormalities	912	(1)
Principles of Recombinant DNA	913	(2)
Application of Recombinant DNA Technologies in Clinical Genetics	914	(1)
Mendelian Genetics	915	(11)
Single-Gene Defects	915	(5)
Mitochondrial Inheritance	920	(2)
Polygenic Disease (Multifactoral Inheritance)	922	(4)
Dysmorphology	926	(10)
Mechanisms	926	(3)
Clinical Dysmorphology	929	(7)
Genetic Counseling	936	(1)
Prenatal Diagnosis	937	(2)
Allergic Disorders	939	(26)
Mark Boguniewicz
Donald Y. M. Leung
The Allergic Cascade	939	(1)
Major Allergic Disorders Seen in Pediatric Practice	939	(26)
Asthma	939	(9)
Allergic Rhinitis	948	(2)
Atopic Dermatitis	950	(4)
Urticaria & Angioedema	954	(2)
Anaphylaxis	956	(2)
Adverse Reactions to Drugs & Biologicals	958	(4)
Food Allergy	962	(1)
Insect Allergy	963	(2)
Antimicrobial Therapy	965	(18)
John W. Ogle
Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy	965	(1)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing	966	(2)
Alteration of Dose & Measurement of Blood Levels	968	(2)
The Use of New Antimicrobial Agents	970	(3)
Prophylactic Antimicrobial Agents	973	(2)
Initial Empiric Antimicrobial Choices for Selected Conditions	975	(1)
Specific Antimicrobial Agents	976	(7)
Infections: Viral & Rickettsial	983	(38)
Myron J. Levin
Adriana Weinberg
Viral Infections	983	(34)
Respiratory Infections	983	(9)
Infections Due to Enteroviruses	992	(4)
Infections Due to Herpesviruses	996	(10)
Viral Infections Spread by Insect Vectors	1006	(4)
Other Major Viral Childhood Exanthems	1010	(4)
Infections Due to Other Viruses	1014	(3)
Rickettsial Infections	1017	(4)
Human Ehrlichiosis	1017	(4)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection	1021	(11)
Elizabeth J. McFarland
Essentials of Diagnosis & Typical Features	1021	(1)
General Considerations	1021	(2)
Clinical Findings	1023	(2)
Differential Diagnosis	1025	(1)
Prevention	1026	(1)
Treatment	1026	(4)
Prognosis	1030	(1)
Public Health Issues	1030	(2)
Infections: Bacterial & Spirochetal	1032	(55)
John W. Ogle
Marsha S. Anderson
Bacterial Infections	1032	(47)
Spirochetal Infections	1079	(8)
Infections: Parasitic & Mycotic	1087	(35)
Adriana Weinberg
Myron J. Levin
Infections: Parasitic	1087	(22)
Protozoal Infections	1091	(11)
Metazoal Infections	1102	(7)
Infections: Mycotic	1109	(13)
Sexually Transmitted Infections	1122	(17)
Ann-Christine Nyquist
Myron J. Levin
Eric J. Sigel
Adolescent Sexuality	1122	(1)
Risk Factors	1122	(1)
Preventon of Sexually Transmitted Infections	1123	(1)
Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections	1123	(1)
Signs & Symptoms	1124	(1)
The Most Important Antibiotic-Responsive Sexually Transmitted Infections	1124	(4)
The Spectrum of Sexually Transmitted Infections	1128	(9)
Mucopurulent Cervicitis	1128	(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	1129	(1)
Urethritis	1130	(1)
Epididymitis	1130	(1)
Proctitis, Proctocolitis, & Enteritis	1131	(1)
Vaginal Discharge	1131	(2)
Genital Ulcerations	1133	(2)
Genital Warts (Human Papillomavirus)	1135	(1)
Viral Infections	1136	(1)
Ectoparasitic Infections	1137	(1)
Evaluation of Sexually Transmitted Infections In Sexual Abuse & Assault	1137	(2)
Drug Therapy	1139	(6)
Susan Miller
Patricia Orma
Developing a Pediatric Drug Regimen	1139	(4)
Drug Interactions	1143	(1)
Preventing Medication Errors	1143	(1)
Sources of Pediatric Drug Information	1144	(1)
Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid-Base Disorders & Therapy	1145	(10)
Douglas M. Ford
Fluid & Electrolyte Management	1147	(5)
Acid-Base Disturbances	1152	(3)
Normal Biochemical & Hematologic Values	1155	(12)
Keith B. Hammond
Interpretation of Laboratory Values	1155	(1)
Laboratory Values	1156	(11)
Index	1167