Data Communications Networking Devices Operation, Utilization and Lan and Wan Internetworking

by Held, Gilbert

• ISBN13: 9780471975151
• ISBN10: 047197515X
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-05
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

More than a comprehensive reference book, Data Communications Networking Devices is ideal as a self study guide too. It is essential reading for network managers and telecommunications engineers, data processing managers and information system managers. Visit Our Web Page! http: //www.wiley.com/

Author Biography

Gilbert Held is an internationally recognized author and lecturer who specializes in the applications of computer and communications technology. With over 30 years ofexperience in managing communications networks, he conducts seminars on topics that include LAN/WAN internetworking, data compression, and PC hardware and software. Held has written numerous books on computers and communications technology and has been recognized for his technical excellence in writing.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxiii	(2)
Acknowledgements	xxv
1. Fundamental Wide Area Networking Concepts	1	(170)
1.1 Communications System Components	2	(1)
1.2 Line Connections	2	(3)
Dedicated line	2	(1)
Leased line	2	(1)
Switched line	3	(1)
Cost trends	4	(1)
Factors to consider	4	(1)
1.3 Types of Services and Transmission Devices	5	(17)
Digital repeaters	6	(1)
Unipolar and bipolar signaling	6	(1)
Other digital signaling methods	7	(1)
Modems	7	(1)
Signal conversion	7	(1)
Acoustic couplers	8	(1)
Signal conversion	8	(1)
Analog facilities	9	(5)
DDD	9	(1)
WATS	10	(1)
FX	11	(2)
Leased lines	13	(1)
Digital facilities	14	(1)
Digital signaling	14	(3)
Unipolar non-return to zero	14	(2)
Unipolar return to zero	16	(1)
Bipolar return to zero	16	(1)
Evolution of service offerings	17	(5)
AT&T offerings	18	(2)
European offerings	20	(1)
DSUs	20	(1)
1.4 Transmission Mode	22	(5)
Simplex transmission	22	(1)
Half-duplex transmission	22	(1)
Full-duplex transmission	23	(2)
Terminal and mainframe computer operations	25	(2)
Different character displays	26	(1)
1.5 Transmission Techniques	27	(3)
Asynchronous transmission	27	(2)
Synchronous transmission	29	(1)
1.6 Types of Transmission	30	(1)
1.7 Line Structure	31	(2)
Types of line structure	31	(2)
Point-to-point	32	(1)
Multipoint	33	(1)
1.8 Line Discipline	33	(2)
1.9 Network Topology	35	(1)
1.10 Transmission Rate	36	(2)
Analog service	36	(1)
Digital service	37	(1)
1.11 Transmission Codes	38	(9)
Morse code	39	(1)
Baudot code	39	(2)
BCD code	41	(1)
EBCDIC code	42	(1)
ASCII code	42	(1)
Extended ASCII	43	(3)
Code conversion	46	(1)
1.12 Error Detection and Correction	47	(11)
Asynchoronous transmission	48	(5)
Parity checking	48	(3)
Block checking	51	(2)
Synchronous transmission	53	(5)
Cyclic codes	54	(4)
1.13 Standards Organizations, Activities and the OSI Reference Model	58	(17)
National standards organizations	59	(4)
ANSI	59	(1)
EIA	60	(2)
FIPS	62	(1)
IEEE	62	(1)
BSI	62	(1)
CSA	63	(1)
International standards organizations	63	(1)
ITU	63	(1)
ISO	64	(1)
De facto standards	64	(5)
AT&T compatibility	67	(1)
Cross-licensed technology	68	(1)
Bellcore	68	(1)
Internet standards	69	(1)
The ISO reference model	70	(5)
Layered architecture	71	(1)
OSI layers	71	(3)
Data flow	74	(1)
1.14 The Physical Layer: Cables, Connectors, Plugs and Jacks	75	(42)
DTE/DCE interfaces	76	(24)
Connector overview	77	(2)
RS-232-C/D	79	(10)
RS-232-E	89	(1)
RS-232/V.24 limitations	89	(1)
Differential signaling	90	(1)
RS-449	91	(2)
V.35	93	(1)
RS-366-A	93	(2)
X.21 and X.20	95	(3)
X.21 bis	98	(1)
RS-530	98	(2)
High Speed Serial Interface	100	(5)
Rationale for development	100	(1)
Signal definitions	101	(2)
Loopback circuits	103	(1)
Pin assignments	104	(1)
Applications	105	(1)
High Performance Parallel Interface	105	(1)
Transmission distance	105	(1)
Operation	106	(1)
Cables and connectors	106	(5)
Twisted-pair cable	107	(1)
Low-capacitance shielded cable	107	(1)
Ribbon cable	107	(1)
The RS-232 null modem	107	(3)
RS-232 cabling tricks	110	(1)
Plugs and jacks	111	(6)
Connecting arrangements	114	(1)
Permissive arrangement	114	(1)
Fixed loss loop arrangement	114	(1)
Programmable arrangement	115	(1)
Telephone options	115	(2)
Ordering the business line	117	(1)
1.15 The Data Link Layer	117	(34)
Terminal and data link protocols	118	(2)
Connection establishment and verification	118	(1)
Transmission sequence	119	(1)
Error control	119	(1)
Types of protocols	120	(31)
Teletype protocols	121	(5)
XMODEM protocol	126	(2)
XMODEM/CRC protocol	128	(1)
YMODEM and YMODEM batch protocols	129	(3)
XMODEM-1K protocol	132	(1)
YMODEM-G and YMODEM-G batch protocols	132	(1)
ZMODEM	133	(1)
Kermit	134	(2)
Bisynchronous protocols	136	(6)
DDCMP	142	(2)
Bit-oriented protocols	144	(7)
Other protocols	151	(1)
1.16 Integrated Services Digital Network	151	(20)
Concept behind ISDN	152	(1)
ISDN architecture	152	(1)
Types of service	153	(5)
Basic access	153	(4)
Primary access	157	(1)
Other channels	157	(1)
Network characteristics	158	(1)
Terminal equipment and network interfaces	159	(5)
TE1	159	(1)
TE2	160	(1)
Terminal adapters	160	(2)
NT1	162	(1)
NT2	163	(1)
Interfaces	163	(1)
The future of ISDN	164	(1)
Review Questions	165	(6)
2. Wide Area Networks	171	(98)
2.1 Overview	171	(1)
Transmission facilities	172	(1)
2.2 Circuit Switched Networks	172	(6)
Frequency division multiplexing	173	(2)
ITU FDM recommendations	174	(1)
Time division multiplexing	175	(3)
T-carrier evolution	175	(1)
Channel banks	176	(1)
T1 multiplexer	177	(1)
Circuit switching characteristics	178	(1)
2.3 Leased Line Based Networks	178	(5)
Types of leased lines	179	(1)
Utilization examples	179	(4)
Multiplexer utilization	180	(2)
Router utilization	182	(1)
2.4 Packet Switching Networks	183	(18)
Multiplexing as opposed to packet switching	183	(1)
Packet network construction	184	(1)
ITU packet network recommendations	184	(1)
The PDN and value-added networks	185	(1)
Packet network architecture	186	(1)
Datagram packet networks	186	(1)
Virtual circuit packet networks	187	(1)
Packet formation	187	(1)
X.25	188	(3)
Packet format and content	188	(2)
Call establishment	190	(1)
Flow control	191	(1)
Advantages of PDNs	191	(1)
Technological advances	191	(1)
Packet network delay problems	192	(1)
Fast packet switching	193	(1)
Frame relay	194	(7)
Comparison to X.25	194	(1)
Utilization	195	(1)
Operation	199	(1)
Cost	199	(1)
Voice over frame relay	200	(1)
2.5 The Internet	201	(34)
TCP/IP	202	(6)
Protocol development	202	(1)
The TCP/IP structure	202	(3)
Datagrams versus virtual circuits	205	(3)
ICMP and ARP	208	(1)
The TCP header	208	(5)
Source and destination port fields	209	(1)
Sequence field	210	(1)
Control field flags	210	(1)
Window field	211	(1)
Checksum field	211	(1)
Urgent pointer field	211	(1)
TCP transmission sequence example	211	(2)
The UDP header	213	(1)
Source and destination port fields	214	(1)
Length field	214	(1)
The IP header	214	(4)
Version field	214	(1)
Header length and total length fields	215	(1)
Type of service field	215	(2)
Identification and fragment offset fields	217	(1)
Time to live field	217	(1)
Flags field	217	(1)
Protocol field	217	(1)
Source and destination address fields	217	(1)
IP addressing	218	(1)
Class A	219	(1)
Class B	219	(1)
Class C	219	(1)
Host restrictions	219	(1)
Subnetting	219	(2)
Subnet masks	220	(1)
Domain Name Service	221	(3)
Name server	223	(1)
TCP/IP configuration	224	(2)
IPv6	226	(9)
Evolution	226	(1)
Overview	227	(2)
Addressing	229	(4)
Migration issues	233	(2)
2.6 SNA and APPN	235	(16)
SNA concepts	235	(2)
SSCP	236	(1)
Network nodes	236	(1)
The physical unit	236	(1)
The logical unit	237	(1)
Multiple session capability	237	(1)
SNA network structure	237	(2)
Types of physical units	239	(1)
Multiple domains	239	(2)
SNA layers	241	(2)
Physical and data link layers	241	(1)
Path control layer	241	(1)
Transmission control layer	242	(1)
Data flow control services	242	(1)
Presentation services layer	242	(1)
Transaction service layer	243	(1)
SNA developments	243	(1)
SNA sessions	244	(2)
LU-TO-LU sessions	244	(1)
Addressing	244	(2)
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (APPN)	246	(5)
APPC concepts	246	(1)
APPN architecture	247	(1)
Operation	248	(2)
Route selection	250	(1)
2.7 ATM	251	(18)
Overview	251	(4)
Cell size	252	(1)
Benefits	252	(3)
The ATM protocol stack	255	(2)
ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL)	255	(1)
The ATM Layer	256	(1)
The Physical Layer	257	(1)
ATM operation	257	(7)
Components	258	(1)
Network interfaces	258	(1)
The ATM cell header	259	(3)
ATM connections and cell switching	262	(2)
Review Questions	264	(5)
3. Local Area Networks	269	(82)
3.1 Overview	269	(5)
Origin	270	(1)
Comparison to WANs	270	(3)
Geographic area	270	(1)
Data transmission and error rates	271	(1)
Ownership	271	(1)
Regulation	271	(1)
Data routing and topology	272	(1)
Type of information carried	272	(1)
Utilization benefits	273	(1)
Peripheral sharing	273	(1)
Common software access	273	(1)
Electronic mail	273	(1)
Gateway access to mainframes	273	(1)
3.2 Technological Characteristics	274	(22)
Topology	274	(3)
Loop	274	(1)
Bus	275	(1)
Ring	275	(1)
Star	275	(1)
Tree	275	(1)
Mixed topologies	276	(1)
Comparison of topologies	276	(1)
Signaling methods	277	(2)
Broadband versus baseband	277	(1)
Broadband signaling	277	(1)
Baseband signaling	278	(1)
Transmission medium	279	(13)
Twisted-pair	280	(8)
Coaxial cable	288	(3)
Fiber optic cable	291	(1)
Access method	292	(4)
Listeners and talkers	292	(1)
Carrier-Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)	293	(1)
Token passing	294	(2)
3.3 IEEE 802 Standards	296	(4)
802 Committees	297	(1)
Data link subdivision	298	(2)
Medium Access Control	299	(1)
Logical Link Control	299	(1)
Physical layer subdivision	300	(1)
3.4 Ethernet Networks	300	(28)
Original network components	300	(3)
Coaxial cable	300	(1)
Transceiver and transceiver cable	301	(1)
Interface board	302	(1)
Repeaters	302	(1)
IEEE 802.3 networks	303	(17)
Network names	303	(1)
10BASE-5	303	(2)
10BASE-2	305	(1)
10BROAD-36	306	(1)
1BASE-5	307	(1)
10BASE-T	308	(3)
100BASE-T	311	(2)
100BASE-T4	313	(2)
100BASE-TX	315	(2)
100BASE-FX	317	(1)
Network utilization	317	(2)
Gigabit Ethernet	319	(1)
Frame composition	320	(5)
Preamble field	321	(1)
Start of frame delimiter field	321	(1)
Destination address field	321	(2)
Source address field	323	(1)
Type field	324	(1)
Length field	324	(1)
Data field	324	(1)
Frame check sequence field	324	(1)
Media Access Control (MAC) overview	325	(1)
Logical Link Control (LLC) overview	325	(1)
Types and classes of service	326	(2)
Type 1	326	(1)
Type 2	327	(1)
Type 3	327	(1)
Classes of service	328	(1)
3.5 Token-Ring	328	(23)
Redundant versus non-redundant main ring paths	329	(1)
Cabling and device restrictions	329	(5)
Intra-MAU cabling distances	330	(2)
Adjusted ring length	332	(1)
Other ring size considerations	332	(2)
Transmission formats	334	(1)
Token	334	(1)
Abort	334	(1)
Frame	334	(9)
Starting/ending delimiters	335	(2)
Access control	337	(1)
Frame control	338	(1)
Destination address	339	(1)
Source address	340	(1)
Routing information	341	(1)
Information field	342	(1)
Frame check sequence	342	(1)
Frame status	342	(1)
Medium Access Control	343	(2)
MAC control	343	(1)
Purge frame	344	(1)
Beacon frame	344	(1)
Duplicate address test frame	345	(1)
Logical Link Control	345	(1)
Review Questions	346	(5)
4. Wide Area Network Transmission Equipment	351	(188)
4.1 Acoustic Couplers	351	(4)
US and European compatibility	352	(2)
Operation	354	(1)
Problems in usage	354	(1)
4.2 Modems	355	(76)
Basic components	356	(7)
Modem transmitter section	356	(2)
Scramblers	358	(1)
Modulator, amplifier and filter	358	(1)
Equalizer	359	(1)
Bandwidth	359	(2)
Delay distortion	361	(2)
The modulation process	363	(3)
Amplitude modulation	363	(1)
Frequency modulation	364	(1)
Phase modulation	365	(1)
Bps versus baud	366	(3)