Death and Trauma

by Figler, Charles R.; Bride, Brian E.; Mazza, Nicholas; Figley, Charles R.

• ISBN13: 9781560325260
• ISBN10: 1560325267
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-03-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

Although the fields of thanatology and traumatology have received robust attention during their parallel development, little effort has been made to address their overlapping territory. This volume is the first attempt to do so.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. xiii
Foreword	p. xv
Preface	p. xxi
Acknowledgments	p. xxvii
Conceptual Synthesis
Traumatic Bereavements and Death-Related PTSD	p. 3
The Emergence of Modern Thanatology	p. 3
The Emergence of Modern Traumatology	p. 4
Evolution and Development of the Disciplines	p. 4
Grief Component	p. 6
DSM System	p. 7
Grief and PTSD	p. 10
Symptomatic Criteria for PTSD	p. 11
Conclusion	p. 13
References	p. 14
Childhood Traumatic Loss: The Interaction of Trauma and Grief	p. 17
Studies of Childhood Bereavement	p. 19
Traumatic Loss	p. 20
Case Example	p. 36
Conclusion	p. 38
References	p. 39
Death of a Co-Worker: Conceptual Overview	p. 43
How Does a Business Organization Handle Death?	p. 43
Impact of Types of Death on Traumatic Stress Reactions of Fellow Employees	p. 44
Factors Contributing to the Development of a PTSR	p. 52
PTSD: Pathological Grief Resolution	p. 58
Conclusion	p. 60
References	p. 61
Effective Coping with Specific Contexts
Traumatic Death in Pregnancy: The Significance of Meaning and Attachment	p. 67
Idiosyncratic Meaning as Central to Understanding Pregnancy Loss Trauma	p. 68
Traumatic Pregnancy Loss Defined	p. 70
Complicated Mourning and Traumatic Pregnancy Loss	p. 72
Attachment and Loss in Pregnancy	p. 74
Boundary Ambiguity, Attachment Theory, and Traumatic Death in Pregnancy	p. 78
Boundary Ambiguity and Family Systems Issues	p. 86
Pregnancy and Pregnancy Loss as a Trigger to the Reexperience of Previous Traumas and Disruptions of Attachment	p. 89
Survivor Guilt and Control Schemas	p. 92
Implications for Treatment	p. 94
Conclusion	p. 97
References	p. 98
Couple Coping with the Death of a Child	p. 101
Grief as a Process--An Overview	p. 101
Need for a Personal Healing Theory	p. 103
Dyadic Grief	p. 103
Negative Couple Coping--Incongruent Grieving and the Marital Dyad	p. 105
Positive Couple Coping--Working Together to Resolve Grief	p. 112
Intervention to Facilitate Positive Couple Coping	p. 117
Conclusion	p. 118
References	p. 119
Death as Trauma for Children: A Relational Treatment Approach	p. 123
Traumatic Impact	p. 124
Developmental Considerations	p. 125
Therapeutic Considerations	p. 126
Assessment	p. 127
An Intervention Approach	p. 128
Countertransference	p. 130
Case Illustrations	p. 131
Conclusion	p. 135
References	p. 135
Minimizing the Impact of Parental Grief on Children: Parent and Family Interventions	p. 139
Children's Grief and the Impact of Parental Grief	p. 140
Comparison with Other Types of Post-Traumatic Stress in Families	p. 141
Therapeutic Intervention for Secondary Traumatic Grief Reactions: Review of the Literature	p. 142
Assessment Process	p. 144
Parent Guidance Methods	p. 146
Family Therapy Methods	p. 152
Effectiveness of Treatment Methods	p. 155
Conclusion	p. 155
References	p. 155
Treating Traumatic Grief in Systems	p. 159
Traumatic Deaths at Three Elementary Schools	p. 159
Theoretical Perspective	p. 163
Multiple or Ongoing Trauma	p. 172
School Community Interventions	p. 177
"Secondary First Aid": Initial Classroom Interventions	p. 178
School-Based Treatment Program	p. 179
Initial Interventions: Secondary Classroom Interventions	p. 181
Ongoing Interventions: Individual Treatment	p. 184
Small-Group Interventions	p. 186
Case Example	p. 189
Conclusion	p. 190
References	p. 190
Death of a Co-Worker: Facilitating the Healing	p. 193
Social Support	p. 194
Use of Debriefing	p. 195
Models	p. 197
Development of Peer Support and Peer Interventions	p. 200
Acts of Condolence	p. 200
Training and Psychoeducation	p. 201
Supportive Counseling, Post-Traumatic Counseling, and Individual Therapy	p. 202
Conclusion	p. 204
References	p. 205
Generic Treatment Approaches
Treating Families with Traumatic Loss: Transitional Family Therapy	p. 211
Power of Loss in Families	p. 212
Role of Symptomatology as a Reaction to Grief	p. 213
Effects of Loss on Families	p. 213
Transitional Family Therapy: A Systems Approach to Unresolved Grief	p. 215
Goals of Therapy	p. 219
Interventions Using TFT	p. 220
Basic Assumptions of This Approach	p. 224
Issues of Assessment and Evaluation	p. 226
Conclusion	p. 227
References	p. 227
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing: A Therapeutic Tool for Trauma and Grief	p. 231
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing	p. 232
Theoretical Framework	p. 235
Resolution of Trauma and Grief	p. 237
Delayed Reactions	p. 241
Vicarious Traumatization Through Overidentification	p. 242
What Is the Meaning of Time in the Recovery Process?	p. 243
Conclusion	p. 245
References	p. 245
Thought Field Therapy: Aiding the Bereavement Process	p. 249
TFT and Other Therapies	p. 250
TFT: An Orientation	p. 250
Treatment Procedures	p. 253
Why Does It Work?	p. 261
Life and Energy	p. 262
TFT Algorithms	p. 263
Conclusion	p. 265
References	p. 266
Index	p. 269
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