In Defence of Learning The Plight, Persecution, and Placement of Academic Refugees, 1933-1980s

by Marks, Shula; Weindling, Paul; Wintour, Laura

• ISBN13: 9780197264812
• ISBN10: 0197264816
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-09-15
• Publisher: British Academy

Summary

Established in the 1930s to rescue scientists and scholars from Nazi Europe, the Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (SPSL, founded in 1933 as the Academic Assistance Council and now known as the Council for Assisting Refugee Academics) has had an illustrious career. No fewer than eighteen of its early grantees became Nobel Laureates and 120 were elected Fellows of the British Academy and Royal Society in the UK. While a good deal has been written on the SPSL in the 1930s and 1940s, and especially on the achievements of the outstanding scientists rescued, much less attention has been devoted to the scholars who contributed to the social sciences and humanities, and there has been virtually no research on the Society after the Second World War. The archive-based essays in this volume, written to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the organisation, are the first to attempt to fill this gap. The essays include revisionist accounts of the founder of the SPSL and some of its early grantees. For the first time, the story examines its relationship with associates and allies, the experiences of women academics and those of the post- war academic refugees from Communist Europe, apartheid South Africa and Pinochet's Chile. In addition to scholarly contributions, the volume includes moving essays by the children of early grantees. At a time of increasing international concern with refugees and immigration, it is a timely reminder of the enormous contribution generations of academic refugees have made - and continue to make - to learning the world over.

Author Biography

Professor Shula Marks: Born in Cape Town, Shula Marks was formerly Director of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, London, and is now Emeritus Professor of Southern African History at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London and Honorary Professor in the History Department at the University of Cape Town. She is a Fellow of the British Academy and holds honorary degrees from the Universities of Cape Town and Natal. She has lectured and written widely on South African history, including most recently chapters in the New Cambridge History of South Africa, vol. 2 (forthcoming), and has supervised some fifty doctoral students. She is currently researching a book on the history of social medicine. She was Chair of the Society for the Protection and Learning/Council for Assisting Refugee Academics and is still a member of CARA's Council.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	p. ix
Notes on Contributors	p. xi
Acknowledgements	p. xvii
Foreword	p. xix
Sir John Ashworth
Introduction	p. 1
Founders and Firstcomers
'Protests Butter No Parsnips': Lord Beveridge and the Rescue of Refugee Academics from Europe, 1933-1938	p. 29
A Narrow Margin of Hope: Leo Szilard in the Founding Days of CARA	p. 45
From Refugee Assistance to Freedom of Learning: the Strategic Vision of A. V. Hill, 1933-1964	p. 59
Refugee Scientists in a New Environment	p. 77
Max Perutz and the SPSL	p. 87
Tess-The Linchpin
Esther Simpson: A Correspondence	p. 101
Eva and Esther	p. 117
Associates and Allies
'Dedicated to Represent the True Spirit of the German Nation in the World': Philipp Schwartz (1894-1977), Founder of the Notgemeinschaft	p. 127
Organized Rescue Operations in Europe and the United States, 1933-1945	p. 143
In Defence of Academic Women Refugees: The British Federation of University Women	p. 161
Karl Mannheim and Viola Klein: Refugee Sociologists in Search of Social Democratic Practice	p. 177
Reversing the Gaze
Austrian Refugee Social Scientists	p. 193
Plutarch's Thesis: The Contribution of Refugee Historians to Historical Writing, 1945-2010	p. 211
Within Two Tyrannies: The Soviet Academic Refugees of the Second World War	p. 225
Czech Scholars in Exile, 1948-1989	p. 239
'Bending the rules': South African Refugees in the UK, 1960-1980	p. 257
Refugee Academics from Chile: WUS-SPSL Collaboration	p. 281
Postscript
Index	p. 291
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