Delinquency in Society

by Regoli & Hewitt

• ISBN13: 9780072989687
• ISBN10: 0072989688
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-06-04
• Publisher: McGraw Hill

Summary

In this conversational, jargon-free text with its clear and thorough presentation of theories of delinquency, Regoli and Hewitt make delinquency interesting to read about. It is no encyclopedic compendium, but a critical look at a very serious problem.This edition is thoroughly updated to reflect the most current trends and developments. In clear and accessible language the authors prepare their readers to understand all facets of delinquency, including discussions of the history, institutional context, and societal reactions to delinquent behavior, the major biological, psychological, and sociological theories of behavior, and the variety of policy implications derived from those theories.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
section 1 Nature and Extent of Delinquency	2	(130)
Defining Delinquency	5	(32)
Status of Children	9	(3)
Emily Thompson	10	(1)
Mary Ellen Wilson	10	(2)
Early Prohibitions of Juvenile Behavior	12	(4)
The Code of Hammurabi	12	(1)
The Greek Empire	12	(2)
The Middle Ages	14	(1)
The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries	14	(1)
The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries	15	(1)
American Delinquency	16	(9)
American Colonies	16	(1)
Postcolonial Patterns of Delinquency	17	(1)
The Child Savers	18	(2)
Juvenile Court	20	(2)
Juvenile Probation	22	(2)
Justice without Stigma	24	(1)
Definitions of Delinquency	25	(7)
Legal Definitions	25	(3)
Social Definitions	28	(1)
Media Definitions	29	(3)
What Is Delinquency? Who Is Delinquent?	32	(2)
Conclusions	34	(1)
Key Terms	34	(1)
Getting Connected	35	(2)
Measuring Delinquency	37	(34)
Uniform Crime Reports	38	(6)
Historical Background	39	(1)
Recent Developments	40	(2)
Criticisms of UCR Data	42	(2)
Victimization Surveys	44	(2)
National Opinion Research Center Survey	44	(1)
National Crime Victimization Survey	44	(2)
Self-Report Studies	46	(3)
Delinquency Trends	49	(15)
Is Juvenile Crime Decreasing? Increasing?	50	(3)
Is Sex Related to Delinquency?	53	(3)
Is Race Related to Delinquency?	56	(5)
Is Social Class Related to Delinquency?	61	(2)
Is Age Related to Delinquency?	63	(1)
Who Are Chronic Offenders? How Many Are There?	64	(3)
The Gluecks' Research	65	(1)
Delinquency in Philadelphia	66	(1)
Delinquency in Columbus	66	(1)
Conclusions from Cohort Studies	66	(1)
Do Chronic Offenders Become Adult Criminals?	67	(1)
Conclusions	67	(1)
Key Terms	68	(1)
Getting Connected	69	(2)
Violent Youth Crime	71	(30)
The Nature and Extent of Youth Violence	72	(13)
Patterns of Youth Violence	73	(4)
Why the Decline in Youth Violence?	77	(1)
Characteristics of Violent Juvenile Offenders	78	(2)
Violent Victimization of Youths	80	(5)
The Role of Firearms in Youth Violence	85	(4)
Carrying and Possessing Guns	85	(1)
Getting Guns	86	(2)
Guns, Gangs, and Drugs	88	(1)
Violence Prevention	89	(8)
Controlling Availability of Guns	89	(1)
Reducing Violence in Families	90	(4)
Community-Based Prevention Programs	94	(2)
Treatment and Get-Tough Approaches	96	(1)
Conclusions	97	(1)
Key Terms	98	(1)
Getting Connected	99	(2)
Illegal Drug Use and Delinquency	101	(31)
Patterns of Adolescent Drug Use	103	(9)
Measuring Adolescent Drug Use	103	(1)
Current Adolescent Drug Use	104	(1)
Trends in Drug Use	105	(3)
Changes in Adolescent Attitudes toward Drugs	108	(4)
Causes of Adolescent Drug Use	112	(5)
Double Failure by the Individual	112	(1)
Learning to Use Drugs	112	(1)
Subculture Socialization into Drug Use	113	(1)
Weakening of Social Controls	114	(1)
Family Conflict and Poor Parenting	115	(2)
Drug Use and Delinquency	117	(2)
Drugs and Delinquency	117	(2)
Drugs, Delinquent Friends, and Delinquency	119	(1)
Responding to Adolescent Drug Use	119	(11)
Punitive, or Control, Response	119	(5)
Education, Prevention, and Treatment	124	(3)
Decriminalization	127	(1)
Changing Lives and Environments	128	(2)
Conclusions	130	(1)
Key Terms	130	(1)
Getting Connected	131	(1)
section 2 Explaining Delinquency	132	(158)
Individual Theories of Delinquency: Choice and Trait Explanations	135	(36)
What Theories Are	136	(1)
Choice Theory	137	(8)
Cesare Beccaria	137	(1)
Jeremy Bentham	138	(1)
The Neoclassical School	139	(1)
Modern Classical School Theory	140	(2)
Choice Theory and Delinquency Prevention	142	(3)
Trait Theory	145	(23)
Biological Theories	145	(15)
Psychological Theories	160	(7)
Trait Theory and Delinquency Prevention	167	(1)
Conclusions	168	(1)
Key Terms	169	(1)
Getting Connected	170	(1)
Sociological Theory: Cultural Deviance, Strain, and Social Control Explanations	171	(36)
Cultural Deviance Theory	172	(11)
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay	173	(4)
Edwin Sutherland	177	(3)
Walter Miller	180	(3)
Strain Theory	183	(9)
Robert Merton	183	(2)
Albert Cohen	185	(3)
Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin	188	(2)
Robert Agnew	190	(2)
Social Control Theory	192	(9)
Walter Reckless	193	(1)
David Matza	194	(3)
Travis Hirschi	197	(2)
Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi	199	(2)
Juvenile Justice Policy Applications	201	(3)
Cultural Deviance Theory	201	(1)
Strain Theory	202	(1)
Social Control Theory	203	(1)
Conclusions	204	(1)
Key Terms	205	(1)
Getting Connected	205	(2)
Sociological Theory: Labeling and Conflict Explanations	207	(34)
Labeling Theory	208	(11)
Frank Tannenbaum	208	(3)
Edwin Lemert	211	(1)
Howard Becker	212	(2)
Edwin Schur	214	(1)
John Braithwaite	215	(1)
Evaluation of Labeling Theory	216	(1)
Juvenile Justice Policy Applications	217	(2)
Conflict Theory	219	(20)
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels	219	(1)
Willem Bonger	220	(1)
Thorsten Sellin	221	(1)
George Vold	222	(1)
Richard Quinney	223	(1)
John Hagan	223	(2)
Mark Colvin and John Pauly	225	(2)
Mark Colvin	227	(2)
Robert Regoli and John Hewitt	229	(6)
Evaluation of Conflict Theory	235	(3)
Juvenile Justice Policy Applications	238	(1)
Conclusions	239	(1)
Key Terms	239	(1)
Getting Connected	240	(1)
Developmental Theories of Delinquency	241	(22)
What Is Developmental Theory?	242	(2)
Developmental Theory and the Age-Crime Curve	244	(2)
Developmental Theories of Delinquency	246	(8)
Glen Elder, Jr.	247	(1)
Gerald Patterson	248	(1)
Terrie Moffitt	248	(1)
Robert Sampson and John Laub	249	(2)
Terence Thornberry	251	(2)
Joseph Weis, Richard Catalano, and J. David Hawkins	253	(1)
Ronald Simons	253	(1)
Evaluation of Developmental Theory	254	(2)
Juvenile Justice Policy Applications	256	(5)
Conclusions	261	(1)
Key Terms	261	(1)
Getting Connected	262	(1)
Female Delinquency Theories	263	(27)
Growing Up Female	264	(5)
Development of Girls' Gender Roles	265	(2)
Girls' Identities	267	(2)
Theories of Female Delinquency	269	(16)
Biological and Psychological Theories	269	(4)
Sociological Theories	273	(5)
Marxist-Feminist Theories	278	(5)
Differential Oppression Theory	283	(2)
Juvenile Justice Policy Applications	285	(3)
Conclusions	288	(1)
Key Terms	288	(1)
Getting Connected	289	(1)
section 3 The Social Context of Delinquency	290	(100)
The Family and Delinquency	293	(30)
Traditional Functions of the Family	294	(4)
The Socialization of Children	294	(1)
Inculcation of Moral Values	295	(2)
Reproduction and Regulation of Sexual Activity	297	(1)
Provision of Material, Physical, and Emotional Security	297	(1)
The Changing Family	298	(9)
Single-Parent Families	299	(3)
Single Parents, Divorce, and Delinquency	302	(2)
Working Mothers and Latchkey Children	304	(3)
Parenting in Families	307	(7)
Parenting Skills	308	(1)
Parental Supervision	309	(2)
Parenting Styles	311	(2)
Parental Attachment	313	(1)
Parental Deviance	313	(1)
The Maltreatment of Children	314	(5)
Nature and Extent of Maltreatment	314	(2)
Maltreatment, Corporal Punishment, and Delinquency	316	(3)
Conclusions	319	(1)
Key Terms	320	(1)
Getting Connected	321	(2)
Schools and Delinquency	323	(38)
Violence at School	326	(20)
Weapons at School	330	(1)
Bullying at School	331	(2)
Teacher Victimization	333	(1)
Perceptions of School Violence	334	(1)
Schools, Children, and the Law	335	(1)
Suspension and Expulsion	335	(1)
Corporal Punishment	336	(5)
Searches and Seizures	341	(3)
Free Speech	344	(2)
Explanations of School Delinquency	346	(7)
Loss of Teacher Authority	347	(1)
Regimentation and Revenge	348	(1)
Tracking	349	(3)
Social Reproduction and Resistance	352	(1)
Preventing School Violence	353	(5)
Conclusions	358	(1)
Key Terms	358	(1)
Getting Connected	359	(2)
Peer Group and Gang Delinquency	361	(29)
Peers and Group Delinquency	362	(3)
Peer Groups and Delinquency	362	(2)
Reducing Problematic Peer Influence	364	(1)
Gangs and Gang Delinquency	365	(7)
Problems in Defining Gangs	365	(3)
Are Gang Members More Delinquent than Nongang Youth?	368	(1)
Joining Gangs and Getting Out of Gangs	368	(1)
Characteristics of Gangs	369	(3)
The Contemporary Gang Problem	372	(8)
The Spread of Gangs	373	(1)
Racial and Ethnic Variations in Gangs	374	(5)
Gang Violence	379	(1)
Drugs and Drug Dealing by Gangs	379	(1)
Female Gang Delinquency	380	(2)
Gang Suppression, Intervention, and Prevention Strategies	382	(5)
Suppression	383	(2)
Intervention and Prevention	385	(2)
Conclusions	387	(1)
Key Terms	387	(1)
Getting Connected	388	(2)
section 4 The Juvenile Justice System	390	(105)
Police and Delinquency	393	(28)
Policing in the United States	394	(3)
Police, Children, and the Law	397	(7)
Search and Seizure	398	(1)
Arrest	398	(3)
Booking	401	(1)
Interrogation	401	(3)
Lineups	404	(1)
Police Discretion	404	(9)
Legal Factors	407	(1)
Nonlegal Factors	408	(5)
Juveniles and the Police	413	(5)
Community-Oriented Policing	413	(2)
Police Diversion Programs	415	(3)
Conclusions	418	(1)
Key Terms	419	(1)
Getting Connected	420	(1)
The Juvenile Court	421	(40)
Jurisdiction of the Juvenile Court	422	(2)
Processing Juvenile Offenders	424	(12)
Arrest	424	(1)
Court Intake	425	(4)
Bail and Detention	429	(3)
Court Hearings	432	(4)
Restorative Justice as an Alternative to Juvenile Court	436	(2)
What Is Restorative Justice?	436	(1)
Evaluation of Restorative Justice	437	(1)
Due Process Issues	438	(9)
The Right to Due Process	439	(2)
Right to Counsel	441	(1)
Burden of Proof	442	(1)
Jury Trial	443	(1)
Double Jeopardy	444	(1)
The Right to Bail and Preventive Detention	445	(2)
Public Access to Juvenile Court Proceedings and Records	447	(2)
Right to Public Hearings	447	(1)
Media Involvement	447	(1)
Confidentiality of Juvenile Records	448	(1)
Destruction of Records	448	(1)
Transfer of Serious Offenders to Criminal Court	449	(6)
Reasons for Transferring Juveniles	450	(1)
Legal Criteria for Transfer	451	(1)
The Transfer Process	451	(1)
Who Is Transferred?	452	(2)
The Impact of Race and Ethnicity in Transferred Cases	454	(1)
Status Offenders in the Juvenile Court	455	(2)
Conclusions	457	(1)
Key Terms	457	(2)
Getting Connected	459	(2)
Juvenile Corrections	461	(34)
Deciding the Disposition	462	(2)
Alternatives to Institutionalization	464	(6)
Probation	464	(2)
Home Confinement and Electronic Monitoring	466	(1)
Fines and Restitution	467	(1)
Boot Camps	468	(2)
Confinement of Juvenile Offenders	470	(12)
The Institutionalization of Juveniles	471	(3)
Institutions for Girls	474	(1)
Living in Custody	475	(3)
Treatment, Education, Vocational Training, and Recreation	478	(2)
Conditions of Confinement	480	(2)
Juveniles in Adult Prisons	482	(1)
Parole	483	(1)
The Death Penalty and Juveniles	484	(8)
Debate over the Juvenile Death Penalty	486	(3)
End of the Juvenile Death Penalty	489	(3)
Conclusions	492	(1)
Key Terms	493	(1)
Getting Connected	494	(1)
Appendix: Selected Amendments to the U.S. Constitution	495	(1)
Glossary	496	(6)
Notes	502	(52)
Photo Credits	554	(1)
Name Index	555	(14)
Subject Index	569