Developing Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe

by Keskitalo, E. Carina H.

• ISBN13: 9789048193240
• ISBN10: 9048193249
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-10-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Mitigation will not be sufficient for us to avoid climate change and we will need to adapt to its consequences. This book targets the development of adaptation policy in European countries with different relations between central and regional/local government.

Table of Contents

Introduction - Adaptation to Climate Change in Europe: Theoretical Framework and Study Design	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Theoretical Background	p. 4
Multi-Level Governance and the Capacity to Act on Adaptation	p. 4
Adaptive Capacity	p. 7
Governance and Adaptive Capacity on Different Levels	p. 11
Attempts to Bridge Sectors and Levels: Connecting Governance and Adaptive Capacity	p. 22
Method	p. 28
National Case Study Selection	p. 28
Nested Regional and Local Studies in the Four Main Cases	p. 30
Research Material	p. 31
Outline of the Volume	p. 32
References	p. 34
Addressing Adaptation in the EU Policy Framework	p. 39
Introduction	p. 40
From the ECCP to the Green and White Papers on Adaptation	p. 42
EU-Funded Research and Resources	p. 45
The ECCP and the Development of National Adaptation Strategies	p. 47
Potential Consequences of the National Level Approach	p. 49
Sectoral Policies and Early Warning Systems in the EU	p. 51
From Policy Linkage to Ecosystem Preservation	p. 56
Water and Policy Linkage	p. 56
The Water Management Policy Framework	p. 64
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Preservation	p. 73
Permanence vs. Flexibility	p. 76
The Biodiversity Policy Framework	p. 80
From the Water Towers of Europe to Ecosystem Preservation	p. 82
On the Governance of Adaptation: Goal Conflict and Institutional Confusion	p. 85
Conclusions	p. 90
References	p. 91
Climate Change Adaptation in the United Kingdom: England and South-East England	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
National Level	p. 97
Environmental Policy in the UK and the Establishment of Adaptation as a Priority	p. 99
National Legislative, Policy and Planning Frameworks on Adaptation	p. 103
Creating Multi-Level Linkages: The UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP)	p. 110
Regional Level	p. 113
Regional Climate Change Partnerships: Climate South East	p. 114
Regional Planning and Administration	p. 116
Local Level	p. 119
Adaptation and the Structure of Local Government	p. 119
Actions at Selected Local Authorities in the South East	p. 121
The Role of the EU	p. 130
The Participation of Voluntary and NGO Networks	p. 132
Adaptation as an Issue: Shifts in Thinking, Policy Transfer and Integration across Levels	p. 133
Policy Transfer Between Contexts?	p. 133
Adaptation as a Shift in Thinking	p. 138
Conclusion	p. 140
References	p. 143
Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation: The Case of Multi-Level Governance in Finland	p. 149
Introduction	p. 149
Background	p. 150
Environmental Policy in Finland	p. 152
National Climate Policy	p. 153
National Climate and Energy Strategy 2001	p. 154
Revised National Climate and Energy Strategy 2005	p. 155
Revised National Climate and Energy Strategy 2008	p. 156
National Adaptation Policy	p. 157
Preparation of the National Strategy	p. 157
Key Projected Impacts of Climate Change	p. 158
The National Adaptation Strategy	p. 159
Implementation of the NAS	p. 160
Evaluating the Implementation of the NAS	p. 162
Role of Research in Climate Change Adaptation	p. 166
The Role of the European Union in Climate Policy	p. 168
Other Actors in Climate Change Adaptation	p. 169
Sub-national Level Adaptation Work	p. 170
Uusimaa Regional Council Climate Strategy	p. 172
Climate Strategy for Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council 2030	p. 174
Climate Strategy for the KUUMA-partnership	p. 175
Espoo Preparedness Strategy	p. 176
Integration of Adaptation into Policy-Making	p. 178
Challenges and Opportunities of Multi-Scale Adaptation	p. 179
Conclusions	p. 183
References	p. 183
Adapting to Climate Change in Sweden: National Policy Development and Adaptation Measures in Västra Götaland	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
National Level	p. 192
Swedish Work on Climate Change of Particular Relevance for Adaptation	p. 192
The Commission on Climate and Vulnerability	p. 195
National Legislation, Regulation and Measures Taken on Adaptation	p. 198
Regional Level	p. 205
Impacts and Authority at the Regional Level	p. 205
Local Level	p. 209
Municipal Climate Change Networks and Responsibilities	p. 209
Municipal Case Studies	p. 212
Actors Beyond Government and Administration	p. 218
The Role of the Private Sector	p. 218
Impacts of the EU Level	p. 220
The Distribution of Responsibility for Adaptation to Climate Change	p. 221
Responsibility for Adaptation Across Governmental Levels	p. 221
Policy Transfer and 'Lesson-Drawing'	p. 225
Conclusion	p. 226
References	p. 229
'Planning for Today': The Nature and Emergence of Adaptation Measures in Italy	p. 233
Introduction	p. 233
Italian Environmental Policy: Evolution and Current Issues	p. 234
Entry into the Climate Change Arena: Mitigation Policies and Programmes	p. 239
Adaptation and the Italian State	p. 240
From Impacts to Adaptation: 1995-2007	p. 241
The National Climate Change Conference: 2007	p. 245
National Adaptation to Climate Change: The Present	p. 248
Adaptation at Sub-national Scales	p. 250
Adaptation in the Region of Emilia-Romagna	p. 252
Adaptation Actions in the Province of Ferrara	p. 258
Adaptation at the Municipal Level: the Municipality of Ferrara	p. 262
Conclusion: Multi-Level Governance in Italian Adaptation	p. 265
References	p. 268
Planned Adaptation Measures in Industrialised Countries: A Comparison of Select Countries Within and Outside the EU	p. 271
Introduction	p. 271
Approach and Methods	p. 272
Background: Adaptation Actions across Europe	p. 273
Adaptation Across Scales: Examples from the European Context	p. 275
Austria	p. 277
France	p. 280
Germany	p. 285
Greece	p. 291
Hungary	p. 293
Netherlands	p. 297
Norway	p. 302
Spain	p. 308
Beyond Europe: Adaptation Actions in Canada and Australia	p. 312
Australia	p. 312
Canada	p. 318
Discussion: The Emergence of Adaptation	p. 322
Diverging Steering Abilities in Federal and Unitary States	p. 323
Multi-Level Governance: Decentralisation and the Participation of Sub-national Authorities	p. 325
The Relevance of National Environmental Policy Implementation	p. 327
Stakeholder Participation and the Role of NGOs and the EU	p. 329
Conclusions	p. 331
References	p. 332
Conclusion: The Development of Adaptive Capacity and Adaptation Measures in European Countries	p. 339
Introduction	p. 339
National Level and General Political System Features	p. 341
Structure of the Political and Planning System	p. 341
The Role of Environmental Policy Institutionalisation	p. 344
The Role of Focusing Events and Other Contextual Features	p. 347
Regional Level	p. 350
Local Level	p. 352
The Role of the EU	p. 354
Actors Beyond Government and Administration	p. 356
Types of Adaptation	p. 358
Lessons for Current and Future Adaptation	p. 361
Conclusion: Does Adaptation Require a Change in Thinking?	p. 363
References	p. 365
Index	p. 367
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