Developing Health Promotion Programs

by Anspaugh, David J.

• ISBN13: 9781577664499
• ISBN10: 1577664493
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-06-01
• Publisher: WAVELAND PRESS

Table of Contents

Preface ix
1 THE NEED FOR HEALTH PROMOTION	1	(26)
What Is Health/Wellness?	3	(1)
What Is Health Promotion?	4	(3)
Worksite Health Intervention Programs	7	(6)
Importance of Workplace Health Intervention	7	(5)
A Window of Opportunity	12	(1)
Skilled Professionals Needed in Worksite Health Promotion	13	(2)
Health Promotion in Other Settings—An Overview	15	(3)
Community Settings	16	(1)
Hospital/Clinical/Agency Settings	17	(1)
Colleges and Universities	17	(1)
School Health Education	17	(1)
Why Health Promotion Programs at the Worksite?	18	(2)
Results of Selected Health Promotion Programs	20	(1)
Social and Cultural Considerations	20	(1)
Nonparticipation and Attrition in Health Promotion Programs	21	(1)
Achieving Employee Participation	22	(2)
Potential Problem Areas for Health Promotion Programs	24	(1)
The Future of Worksite Health Promotion	24	(1)
Summary	25	(2)
Suggested Readings	26	(1)
2 PLANNING HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS	27	(26)
The Planning Process	28	(1)
The Employee Advisory Committee	28	(1)
Determining Management Support	29	(3)
Understanding Cultural Norms	32	(4)
Needs Assessment	36	(1)
Preparing the Summary Report	37	(4)
Timetable for Development	41	(2)
Program Philosophy	43	(1)
Developing the Mission Statement	44	(2)
Goals and Objectives	46	(1)
Establishing Priorities	47	(2)
Summary	49	(4)
Suggested Readings	51	(2)
3 MODELS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION INTERVENTIONS	53	(24)
The Social Ecological Approach to Health Promotion	55	(1)
Principles and Concepts of Adult Motivation	55	(4)
Maslow's Theory of Human Motivation	56	(1)
Lewin's Field Theory	57	(1)
Skinner's Operant Conditioning	58	(1)
Change Theories	59	(10)
Social Cognitive Theory	59	(2)
The Health Belief Model	61	(2)
The Transtheoretical Model	63	(6)
Learning Styles	69	(3)
Adult Learners	72	(2)
Summary	74	(3)
Suggested Readings	75	(2)
4 CONDUCTING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS	77	(22)
An Introduction to Needs Assessment	78	(1)
Populations and Program Recipients	79	(2)
Information Required for Needs Assessment	81	(1)
Techniques for Collecting Needs Assessment Information	81	(9)
Collection and Review of Numerical and Historical Information	85	(1)
Observation	85	(1)
Key Informant Interviews	86	(2)
Intercept Interviews	88	(1)
Focus Groups	88	(1)
Community Forums	89	(1)
Surveys of the Worksite Population	90	(1)
The Needs Assessment Process	90	(6)
Step 1: Observation	91	(1)
Step 2: Collection of Objective Information	92	(1)
Step 3: Collection of Subjective Information	93	(1)
Step 4: Identify Intended Audience(s)	93	(1)
Step 5: Develop Goals and Objectives	94	(1)
Step 6: Identify Criteria for Evaluation	95	(1)
Summary	96	(3)
Suggested Readings	97	(2)
5 FORMULATING PLANS FOR HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS	99	(36)
Developing a Framework for Planning	100	(5)
Developing Individual Health Promotion Programs	105	(3)
Selecting Appropriate Programming	108	(1)
Financial Impact	109	(1)
Company Policies	109	(1)
Scope and Sequence of Health Promotion Programs	109	(1)
Levels of Intervention	110	(1)
Levels of Prevention	111	(1)
Personalizing Information for Change	112	(2)
Strategies For Facilitating Change	113	(1)
Program Applications and Approaches	114	(1)
Determining Educational Equipment Needs	115	(1)
Fitness Equipment Needs	116	(2)
Facility Needs	118	(1)
Marketing Strategy	119	(3)
Enrollment Procedures	119	(3)
Utilizing Outside Vendors	122	(2)
Legal Considerations for Health Promotion Programs	124	(8)
Summary	132	(3)
Suggested Readings	133	(2)
6 MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS	135	(26)
The Functions of Management	136	(4)
Communication and Management	138	(1)
The Art and Science of Management	139	(1)
Understanding the Budget Process	140	(7)
Types of Budgets	141	(1)
Developing a Budget	141	(5)
Types of Costs	146	(1)
Guidelines for Budget Development	146	(1)
Selection, Hiring, and Supervision of Staff	147	(7)
Conducting an Interview	150	(2)
Supervision of Employees	152	(2)
Developing Policy and Procedure Manuals	154	(1)
Ethics and Health Promotion	155	(3)
Summary	158	(3)
Suggested Readings	160	(1)
7 MARKETING AND MAINTAINING INVOLVEMENT	161	(20)
Product Marketing and Social Marketing	162	(3)
Marketing Strategies	165	(2)
Launching a Marketing Program	167	(8)
Monitoring a Marketing Program	169	(1)
Marketing Strategies for Group Involvement	170	(2)
Targeting the Audience	172	(2)
Developing Informative/Persuasive Messages	174	(1)
Achieving Long-Term Behavior Change	175	(3)
Difficulties in Long-Term Programming	175	(2)
Encouraging Long-Term Behavior Change/Program Participation	177	(1)
Summary	178	(3)
Suggested Readings	179	(2)
8 EVALUATION OF WORKSITE HEALTH PROMOTION PROGRAMS	181	(20)
Levels of Evaluation	183	(2)
Activity	184	(1)
Standards	184	(1)
Efficiency	184	(1)
Effectiveness	184	(1)
Outcome Validity	184	(1)
Overall System Appropriateness	185	(1)
Types of Evaluation	185	(3)
Process Evaluation	186	(1)
Impact and Outcome Evaluation	186	(2)
Evaluation Models	188	(4)
Quantitative Evaluation	188	(1)
Before-and-After Designs	189	(1)
Evaluation of Trends	190	(1)
Posttest-Only Designs	191	(1)
Qualitative Evaluation	192	(2)
Qualitative Evaluation Methods	193	(1)
Quantitative vs. Qualitative Models of Evaluation	194	(1)
Developing an Evaluation Plan	195	(4)
Step 1: Orientation to the Task	197	(1)
Step 2: Defining the Focus of Evaluation	197	(1)
Step 3: Deciding on the Evaluation Plan	197	(1)
Step 4: Planning for Data Collection	198	(1)
Summary	199	(2)
Suggested Readings	200	(1)
9 UTILIZING ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS	201	(28)
Qualities of Effective Assessment Instruments	202	(1)
Validity	203	(3)
Content Validity	204	(1)
Criterion-Based Validity	205	(1)
Construct Validity	205	(1)
Reliability	206	(1)
Usability	207	(1)
Assessment Instruments in Worksite Health Promotion Programs	208	(15)
Health Risk Appraisals	208	(2)
Assessment of Health Status—The Duke Health Profile	210	(1)
Nutritional Assessment	210	(11)
Back Injury Prevention	221	(2)
Selecting an Assessment Instrument	223	(5)
Summary	228	(1)
Suggested Readings	229	(2)
Appendix A: Web Sites for Health Promotion	231	(2)
Appendix B: Guidelines for Worksite Health Promotion Directors	233	(8)
Appendix C: PAR-Q and Health Histories	241	(8)
Appendix D: Sample Consent Forms	249	(2)
Appendix E: Addresses of Professional Associations, Organizations, and Health Promotion Vendors	251	(4)
Appendix F: Health Risk Appraisal Results	255	(6)
Bibliography	261	(8)
Index	269