Developing Readers and Writers : In the Content AreaS

by Moore, David W.; Moore, Sharon Arthur; Cunningham, Patricia M.; Cunningham, James W.

• ISBN13: 9780205494743
• ISBN10: 0205494749
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: National Geographic School Pub

Summary

This practical, engaging book introduces prospective and practicing teachers to K-12 content reading instruction. The Fifth Edition of this popular book includes an expanded, up-to-date focus on standards-based teaching and learning. Unlike any other book in the market, the content progresses from general practices, cycles, and settings of instruction, to units of instruction and specific lesson planning. Well-respected authors Dave Moore, Pat Cunningham, Sharon Moore, and Jim Cunningham speak to educators new to the idea of content area literacy instruction and focus on instruction that is aligned with state standards and tests, yet promote literacy that goes beyond that which is tested. Chapters on comprehension, vocabulary, writing, and studying include end-of-chapter applications that show how the practices apply to specific content areas such as science and mathematics.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Content Area Reading and Writing	1	(19)
Looking Ahead	1	(1)
Compelling Reasons Support Content Area Literacy Instruction	2	(4)
Reading and Writing Are Tools for Learning	2	(1)
Literacy Requirements Continually Increase	3	(1)
Content Area Teachers Can Teach Content Area Reading and Writing Best	4	(2)
Do It Together	6	(1)
Thinking Underlies Reading, Writing, and Learning	7	(4)
Connect	7	(1)
Preview and Predict	8	(1)
Organize	8	(1)
Generalize	9	(1)
Image	9	(1)
Self-Monitor	10	(1)
Evaluate	10	(1)
Apply	11	(1)
Try It Out	11	(2)
Thinking Is Complex	11	(2)
Listen, Look and Learn	13	(1)
Academic Identities Drive Content Area Literacy and Learning	13	(4)
Academic Identities	13	(1)
Socially Situated Identities	14	(1)
Implications of Socially Situated Identities	15	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	17	(1)
Looking Back	17	(1)
Additional Readings	18	(2)
Setting the Stage	20	(15)
Looking Ahead	20	(1)
Practices Are a Basic Ingredient of Literacy Instruction	20	(5)
Providing Access to Reading and Writing That Students Can and Want to Accomplish	21	(1)
Guiding Readers through Challenging Passages	22	(1)
Providing Explicit Instruction in Reading and Writing Strategies	23	(1)
Facilitating Collaborative Literacy Efforts	23	(1)
Assessing Literacy to Inform Teaching and Learning	24	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	25	(1)
Literacy Instruction Occurs in Cycles	25	(4)
Planning	25	(1)
Introducing	26	(1)
Guiding	27	(1)
Culminating	27	(1)
Cycles of Literacy Instruction Are Complex	27	(2)
Do It Together	29	(1)
Settings Influence Literacy Teaching and Learning	29	(5)
Literacy Engagement	29	(1)
Vision	30	(1)
Authenticity	30	(1)
Active Participation	31	(1)
Academic Challenge and Support	32	(1)
Social Support	32	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	34	(1)
Looking Back	34	(1)
Add To Your Journal	34	(1)
Additional Readings	34	(1)
Instructional Units	35	(27)
Looking Ahead	35	(1)
Selecting a Topic Begins Unit Planning	36	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	37	(1)
Framing a Topic Structures Unit Planning	37	(5)
Standards-Based Outcomes	37	(2)
Central Questions	39	(2)
Culminating Activities	41	(1)
Framing Units Coherently	42	(1)
Do It Together	42	(1)
Working Within a Frame Focuses Unit Planning	42	(3)
Assessment	42	(3)
Try It Out	45	(4)
Introductory Grabber	45	(4)
Do It Together	49	(2)
Collecting Resources	49	(1)
Planning General Instruction	50	(1)
Scheduling Unit Events	50	(1)
Try It Out	51	(8)
Interdisciplinary Units Are a Special Type	59	(1)
Planning Wheels	59	(1)
Getting Started	60	(1)
Try It Out	60	(1)
Looking Back	60	(1)
Add to Your Journal	61	(1)
Additional Readings	61	(1)
Reading Materials and Exhibiting Responses	62	(32)
Looking Ahead	62	(1)
Students Deserve Various Reading Materials during Instructional Units	63	(2)
Depth of Information	63	(1)
Distinctive Points of View	64	(1)
Materials That Fit Reading Competencies	64	(1)
Opportunities for a Range of Thinking	64	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	65	(1)
Various Reading Materials Are Available for Instructional Units	65	(12)
Reference Materials	66	(1)
Periodicals	67	(1)
Computer Technology	67	(4)
Trade Books	71	(2)
Multicultural Literature	73	(2)
Textbooks	75	(2)
Do It Together	77	(1)
Exhibits Take Many Forms	78	(4)
Visual Displays	78	(1)
Concrete Displays	79	(1)
Dramatizations	79	(3)
Try It Out	82	(7)
Writing	82	(4)
Discussion	86	(3)
Looking Back	89	(1)
Add to Your Journal	90	(1)
Additional Readings	90	(2)
Childrens' and Young Adults' Trade Books Noted in Chapter 4	92	(2)
Comprehension	94	(40)
Looking Ahead	94	(1)
Vary Levels of Comprehension Support	95	(2)
Reader--Text Matches	95	(2)
Do It Together	97	(2)
Study Guides	97	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	99	(1)
Guide Readers Through Challenging Passages	99	(8)
Planning Comprehension Guidance	99	(4)
Implementing Comprehension Guidance	103	(3)
Closing Words about Guiding Comprehension	106	(1)
Teach Reading Comprehension Strategies	107	(2)
Graphic Organizing	107	(2)
Try It Out	109	(7)
Predicting	109	(2)
Summarizing	111	(1)
Imaging	112	(1)
Asking and Answering Questions	113	(1)
Closing Words about Teaching Comprehension Strategies	114	(1)
Strategy Self-Assessment	115	(1)
Promote Collaborative Comprehension Practices	116	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	117	(11)
Comprehension in English/Language Arts Classrooms	117	(2)
Comprehension in Second-Language Classrooms	119	(2)
Comprehension in Mathematics Classrooms	121	(2)
Comprehension in Science Classrooms	123	(2)
Comprehension in Social Studies Classrooms	125	(2)
Comprehension in Activity Classrooms	127	(1)
Looking Back	128	(1)
Add to Your Journal	128	(1)
Additional Readings	128	(2)
Appendix: Graphic Organizers	130	(4)
Meaning Vocabulary	134	(37)
Looking Ahead	134	(1)
Vocabulary Development Is Complex	135	(3)
Concepts and Labels for Concepts	135	(1)
Depth of Word Knowledge	136	(1)
Related Words	136	(1)
Symbols	136	(1)
Direct Experience	137	(1)
Media and Technology	137	(1)
Connection	137	(1)
Try It Out	138	(1)
Authentic Settings	138	(1)
Promoting Wide Reading	139	(1)
Teaching Sets of Words	140	(1)
Selecting Sets of Words	140	(1)
Try It Out	141	(6)
Representing Word Meanings Productively	141	(6)
Promoting Word Consciousness	147	(6)
Model Word Wonder	148	(1)
Have Students Select the Words to Be Learned	149	(1)
Help Students Develop Self-Assessment Strategies	149	(1)
Word Books	150	(1)
Word Play	151	(2)
Teach Word Learning Strategies	153	(4)
Context Power	153	(1)
Morpheme Power	154	(3)
Do It Together	157	(1)
Dictionary Power	158	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	158	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	159	(10)
Vocabulary in English/Language Arts Classrooms	159	(1)
Vocabulary in Second-Language Classrooms	160	(2)
Vocabulary in Mathematics Classrooms	162	(2)
Vocabulary in Science Classrooms	164	(2)
Vocabulary in Social Studies Classrooms	166	(1)
Vocabulary in Activity Classrooms	167	(2)
Looking Back	169	(1)
Add to Your Journal	170	(1)
Additional Readings	170	(1)
Writing	171	(38)
Looking Ahead	171	(1)
Vary Informal Writing	172	(4)
Quick Writes	172	(3)
Content Journals	175	(1)
Try It Out	176	(1)
Guide Writers Through Challenging Tasks	177	(4)
Planning Writing Guidance	177	(4)
Try It Out	181	(5)
Implementing Writing Guidance	185	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	186	(1)
Teach Writing Strategies	186	(5)
Before Writing	186	(1)
During Writing	187	(2)
After Writing	189	(2)
Try It Out	191	(3)
Self-assessment	191	(3)
Do It Together	194	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	194	(13)
Writing in English/Language Arts Classrooms	194	(2)
Writing in Second-Language Classrooms	196	(2)
Writing in Mathematics Classrooms	198	(1)
Writing in Science Classrooms	199	(3)
Writing in Social Studies Classrooms	202	(3)
Writing in Activity Classrooms	205	(2)
Looking Back	207	(1)
Add to Your Journal	207	(1)
Additional Readings	207	(2)
Studying	209	(35)
Looking Ahead	209	(1)
Studying Is Complex	210	(1)
Studying Includes Several Major Components	211	(9)
Study Strategies	211	(4)
Systems	215	(2)
Resource Management	217	(1)
Self-Regulation	218	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	220	(1)
Important Principles of Instruction Apply to How to Study	220	(1)
Try It Out	221	(4)
Combine Study Strategy Instruction with Content Teaching	221	(1)
Follow an Apprenticeship Model	222	(1)
Fading and Self-Assessment	222	(3)
Try It Out	225	(3)
Scaffolding	225	(3)
Teaching All Students How to Study Requires a Team Approach across Content Areas and Grades	228	(1)
Specific Content Area Applications	229	(13)
Studying in English/Language Arts Classrooms	229	(2)
Studying in Second-Language Classrooms	231	(2)
Studying in Mathematics Classrooms	233	(2)
Studying in Science Classrooms	235	(2)
Studying in Social Studies Classrooms	237	(3)
Studying in Activity Classrooms	240	(2)
Looking Back	242	(1)
Add to Your Journal	242	(1)
Additional Readings	242	(2)
Student Inquiry	244	(22)
Looking Ahead	244	(1)
A Special Feature of Instruction	245	(1)
Do It Together	246	(1)
Asking Engaging Researchable Questions	246	(3)
WH Poster Questions	247	(1)
Question Stems	247	(1)
Self-assessing Questions	248	(1)
Locating Sources and Information Within Sources	249	(3)
Key Words	249	(1)
Online Resources	250	(1)
Interviews	251	(1)
Try It Out	252	(1)
Organizing Information	252	(5)
Producing Notes	253	(1)
Categorizing Information	253	(1)
Citing Information	254	(1)
Maintaining and Clarifying the Focus of Research	255	(2)
Try It Out	257	(1)
Representing What Was Learned	257	(5)
Writing	258	(1)
Speaking	259	(1)
Multimedia Representations	260	(1)
Multigenre Representations	261	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	262	(1)
Teaching Independent Inquiry	262	(1)
Avoiding Plagiarism	262	(1)
Assessment	263	(1)
Journal Writing	263	(1)
Looking Back	263	(1)
Add to Your Journal	264	(1)
Additional Readings	264	(2)
Differentiating Instruction	266	(16)
Looking Ahead	266	(1)
Learners Deserve Fair Opportunities for Success	267	(1)
Do It Together	268	(1)
Differentiation Begins with a Climate of Respect	268	(1)
Do It Together	269	(1)
Utilize Supportive People	270	(2)
Listen, Look, and Learn	272	(1)
Provide Structured Freedom	272	(1)
Same Text/Same Task	273	(1)
Do It Together	273	(1)
Different Texts/Same Task	274	(1)
Do It Together	274	(2)
Same Text/Different Tasks	274	(2)
Do It Together	276	(3)
Different Texts/Different Tasks	276	(3)
Do It Together	279	(1)
Looking Back	280	(1)
Add to Your Journal	280	(1)
Additional Readings	280	(2)
Cases of Content Area Literacy Instruction	282	(15)
Looking Ahead	282	(1)
Primary Level	282	(3)
Do It Together	285	(1)
Intermediate Level	285	(4)
Do It Together	289	(1)
Middle Level	290	(2)
Do It Together	292	(1)
High School Level	292	(3)
Do It Together	295	(1)
Looking Back	295	(1)
Add to Your Journal	296	(1)
Addtional Reading	296	(1)
Reading Proficiency	297	(16)
Looking Ahead	297	(1)
NAEP Expectations Are Sensible Starting Points for Describing Reading Proficiency	297	(4)
NAEP Expectations	298	(3)
Do It Together	301	(2)
Do It Together	303	(1)
NAEP Expectations Present Readers Many Challenges	303	(6)
Text	304	(2)
Activity	306	(2)
Reader	308	(1)
Sociocultural Setting	309	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	309	(1)
Students Deserve Instruction That Goes Beyond NAEP Expectations	310	(2)
Looking Back	312	(1)
Add to Your Journal	312	(1)
Additional Readings	312	(1)
Reading Policy	313	(15)
Looking Ahead	313	(1)
The No Child Left Behind Act Presents Reading Expectations as Never Before	314	(4)
NCLB Expectations	315	(3)
Do It Together	318	(1)
The Opportunity---and the Challenge---of No Child Left Behind Is to Ensure That It Serves Students Well	318	(4)
Are the NCLB Provisions Sufficient to Close the Achievement Gap?	319	(3)
Will NCLB Narrow the Curriculum?	322	(1)
Listen, Look, and Learn	322	(3)
What Aspects of NCLB Clearly Are Deplorable?	322	(3)
What Aspects of NCLB Are Most Promising?	325	(1)
Conclusion	325	(1)
Looking Back	326	(1)
Add to Your Journal	327	(1)
Additional Readings	327	(1)
References	328	(17)
Name Index	345	(6)
Subject Index	351