Digital Signal Processing for Measurement Systems

by D'Antona, Gabriele; Ferrero, Alessandro

• ISBN13: 9780387249667
• ISBN10: 0387249664
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-11-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Digital Signal Processing for Measurement Systems: Theory and Applications covers the theoretical issues that are the basis of the modern DSP-based instruments and measurement methods, as well as the practical issues related to the DSP-based instrument. It approaches signal processing from a unique measurement perspective. It covers the necessary basics of DSP theory then goes on to discuss critical aspects of DSP unique to measurement science, such as the problems that arise when sampling periodic signals, and the relationship between the sampling rate and the SNR offering different points of view, to emphasize its impact on the measurement accuracy. It provides strategies formatting measurement errors, discusses discrete systems and FIR/IRR filters, and offers basic guidelines for their specification and design.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xiii
Preface	xv
The Digital Signal Processing	1	(4)
Discrete-Time Signals and Systems	5	(28)
Introduction	5	(1)
The sequences	6	(6)
Definition	6	(1)
Particular Sequences	7	(2)
Periodic Sequences	9	(2)
Operations Between Sequences	11	(1)
The discrete-time systems	12	(12)
Definition	12	(1)
The Linear Systems	13	(1)
The Shift-Invariant Linear Systems	13	(3)
The Convolution Computation	16	(6)
Stability and Causality	22	(2)
Frequency-domain representation of the discrete-time signals and systems	24	(9)
The Frequency Response of the Linear, Shift-Invariant Systems	24	(5)
The Fourier Transform of a Sequence	29	(2)
Symmetry Properties of the Fourier Transform	31	(2)
Signal Transformation from the Continuous Time to the Discrete Time Domain	33	(24)
Introduction	33	(2)
The sampling theorem	35	(22)
The General Formulation	35	(6)
Shannon interpolation formula	41	(2)
The Case of the Periodic Signals	43	(1)
Fourier-series approach	43	(4)
Convolution approach	47	(4)
The interpolation formula	51	(1)
The leakage errors	52	(5)
Methods for the Reduction of the Leakage Errors	57	(26)
Introduction	57	(1)
The weighing windows	58	(16)
The Rectangular Window	58	(2)
The Cosine Windows	60	(3)
Cosine windows with maximum asymptotic decay	63	(4)
Cosine windows with minimum amplitude for the second lobe	67	(3)
Flat-top cosine windows	70	(2)
The Selection of the Observation Interval	72	(2)
The interpolation methods	74	(6)
Time-Domain Interpolation Method	74	(2)
Frequency-Domain Interpolation Method	76	(4)
Hardware synchronization	80	(3)
Architecture and Performance of DSP-Based Instruments	83	(32)
Introduction	83	(1)
The analog-to-digital conversion	84	(22)
Definitions	84	(1)
The Ideal ADC Characteristic	85	(3)
The dithering technique	88	(3)
The Real ADC Characteristic	91	(1)
The offset error	91	(1)
The gain error	92	(2)
The non-linearity error	94	(2)
ADC Behaviour in the Presence of a Variable Input Signal	96	(1)
The Sample & Hold devices	97	(4)
ADC Behaviour in the Presence of Noise	101	(3)
ADC Architectures	104	(1)
The integrating converters	104	(1)
The successive approximation converters	104	(1)
The flash converters	105	(1)
The ΔΣ converters	105	(1)
The processing unit	106	(4)
The Processor	107	(2)
The Memory	109	(1)
Bandwidth estimation	110	(5)
Single-Channel Structures	110	(1)
Multi-Channel Structures	111	(1)
The non-multiplexed structure	111	(1)
The multiplexed structure	112	(3)
Anti-Aliasing Methods and Sampling Strategies	115	(12)
Introduction	115	(1)
The anti-aliasing filter	115	(4)
The Heterodyne conversion	119	(3)
The equivalent-time sampling technique	122	(2)
Multi converter structures	124	(3)
Dynamical Discrete Systems	127	(52)
Introduction	127	(1)
Dynamical discrete systems	127	(2)
n-domain representation of dynamical discrete systems: difference equations	129	(6)
Stability of linear shift invariant discrete systems	135	(6)
The z-transform	141	(14)
Examples of Z-Transforms	152	(3)
The inverse z-transform	155	(7)
Examples of Inverse Z-Transforms	156	(6)
z-domain representation of causal discrete linear shift invariant systems	162	(4)
Linear shift invariant discrete filters	166	(3)
Relationships between sequences and sampled functions in the z and s domains	169	(10)
Finite Impulse Response (Fir) Filters	179	(42)
n-domain representation of FIR filters	179	(1)
z-domain representation of FIR filters	180	(6)
Linear phase FIR filters	186	(6)
FIR filter synthesis by Fourier series expansion	192	(8)
FIR filter synthesis by the frequency sampling method	200	(6)
Effects of filter coefficients quantization	206	(3)
FIR filter architectures	209	(12)
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filters	221	(38)
z-domain representation of IIR filters	221	(1)
n-domain representation of IIR filters	222	(2)
Purely recursive IIR filters	224	(6)
IIR filters design from analog specifications	230	(23)
Butter Worth Filters	231	(1)
Chebyshev Filters	232	(1)
Elliptic Filters	233	(1)
Analog to Discrete Domain Mapping	234	(1)
Input response invariance	235	(5)
Frequency domain design	240	(10)
Frequency transformation from low-pass filters to band-pass and band-stop filters	250	(3)
IIR design by numerical optimization	253	(2)
Effects of filter coefficients quantization	255	(4)
IIR filter architectures	259