Direct Current Fundamentals

by Herman, Stephen L.

• ISBN13: 9781418000455
• ISBN10: 1418000450
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-04-17
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

For nearly half a century, this widely acclaimed book has presented the fundamental concepts of DC electricity and magnetism in a straightforward, practical manner. The 7th Edition retains the distinguishing features that are the cornerstone of this winning book, including logically organized content that progresses from basic principles to more complex concepts. Enhancements include updated drawings and photographs that better assist readers in understanding such essential concepts as how to distinguish between digital and analog meters, and solid state control for DC motors.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xiii
CHAPTER 1 An Introduction to Electricity and Electronics	1	(11)
1-1 What are electricity and electronics?
1-2 Why this book is called Direct Current Fundamentals
1-3 Early history of electricity
1-4 One hundred elements—building blocks of nature
1-5 The atom analyzed—electrons, protons, and neutrons
1-6 The atomic theory—cornerstone of electrical theory
CHAPTER 2 Electricity Production and Use	12	(9)
2-1 Electricity production by energy conversion
2-2 Electricity from friction
2-3 Electricity from magnetism
2-4 Electricity from chemical energy
2-5 Electricity from light
2-6 Electricity from heat
2-7 Electricity from mechanical pressure: piezoelectricity
2-8 The effects of electricity
CHAPTER 3 Electrostatics	21	(14)
3-1 Stationary electrons
3-2 Electroscopes
3-3 Electrostatic induction
3-4 Lightning
3-5 Nuisance static charges
3-6 Useful static charges
3-7 Potential energy of electrons
3-8 Electrostatic lines of force
CHAPTER 4 Basic Circuit Concepts	35	(14)
4-1 Four measurable circuit quantities
4-2 Voltage
4-3 Current
4-4 Resistance
4-5 Watts
4-6 A simple electric circuit
4-7 Open circuits and closed circuits
4-8 The schematic diagram
4-9 Basic circuit notation
4-10 The short circuit
4-11 Electrical safety
4-12 National Electrical Code®
CHAPTER 5 Scientific Notation and Metric Prefixes	49	(14)
5-1 Rationale for studying this unit
5-2 Powers of 10
5-3 Scientific notation
5-4 Significant digits
5-5 Rounding off to three significant digits
5-6 Metric prefixes
5-7 Multiplication and division with powers of 10
CHAPTER 6 Electrical Quantity Measurement	63	(17)
6-1 Types of meters
6-2 Ammeter and voltmeter scale interpretation
6-3 Ohmmeter scale interpretation
6-4 Electrical meter connection
CHAPTER 7 Resistance	80	(27)
7-1 Conductance vs. resistance
7-2 Resistivity of materials
7-3 Length of a conductor
7-4 Cross-sectional area (CSA) of a conductor in circular mils
7-5 Effect of temperature on resistance
7-6 The American Wire Gauge (AWG)
7-7 Stranded wire and cable
7-8 Resistors
7-9 Fixed resistors
7-10 Color code
7-11 Power ratings
7-12 Variable resistors
7-13 Schematic symbols
CHAPTER 8 Ohm's Law	107	(5)
8-1 Voltage, current, and resistance
8-2 Ohm's law with metric prefixes
CHAPTER 9 Electrical Power and Energy	112	(18)
9-1 Energy
9-2 Units of energy
9-3 Power
9-4 Energy and cost calculations
9-5 Efficiency of energy conversion
9-6 A practical application—resistance heating
CHAPTER 10 Series Circuits	130	(28)
10-1 Characteristics of series circuits
10-2 The voltage drop
10-3 Resistance and current in series circuits
10-4 Power consumption in series circuits
10-5 Calculation of series circuit quantities
10-6 Voltage drop on a line
10-7 Voltage at an open element
10-8 Series circuits as voltage dividers
10-9 The general voltage divider formula
10-10 Polarity considerations
10-11 Ground as a reference point
10-12 Voltage sources in series
CHAPTER 11 Parallel Circuits	158	(21)
11-1 The nature of parallel circuits
11-2 Five methods of computation
(1) Use of Ohm's law for computing Kr
(2) Use of the reciprocal equation
(3) A practical method
(4) The product over the sum formula
(5) A special condition: all equal resistors
11-3 Power dissipation in parallel circuits
11-4 Voltage sources in parallel
11-5 A practical application—kitchen range heating element
11-6 Current dividers
CHAPTER 12 Series-Parallel Circuits and Loaded Voltage Dividers	179	(23)
12-1 Simplifying series-parallel circuits
12-2 Kirchhoff's voltage law
12-3 Kirchhoff's current law
12-4 Loaded voltage dividers
CHAPTER 13 Conduction in Liquids and Gases	202	(16)
13-1 The ionization process
13-2 Useful chemical compounds
13-3 Electroplating and electrolysis
13-4 Gases as insulators
13-5 Gaseous conduction by ionization
13-6 Conduction and ions in nature
13-7 Conduction in a vacuum
CHAPTER 14 Batteries	218	(26)
14-1 Chemical energy: a source of emf
14-2 Anodes and cathodes
14-3 Primary cells
14-4 Fuel cells
14-5 Secondary cells
14-6 Maintenance-free batteries
14-7 Miscellaneous aspects of batteries
CHAPTER 15 Magnetism and Electromagnetism	244	(22)
15-1 Electricity and magnetism
15-2 Simple magnets
15-3 The magnetic field
15-4 Ferromagnetic materials and the magnetizing process
15-5 Magnetic materials and the atomic theory
15-6 Permanent magnets
15-7 Electromagnetism of a straight wire
15-8 Electromagnetism of a coil
15-9 The magnetic core in the coil
15-10 Magnetic quantities
CHAPTER 16 Applications of Electromagnetism	266	(12)
16-1 Solenoids for lateral motion
16-2 The electromagnetic relay
16-3 Magnetic vibrators and bell
16-4 Electromagnetism for rotational motion
16-5 Other applications of the motor effect
16-6 Electromagnetism at work
CHAPTER 17 Electrical Measuring Instruments (Another Application of Electromagnetism)	278	(27)
17-1 d'Arsonval meters
17-2 DC ammeters
17-3 Multirange ammeters
17-4 Voltmeters
17-5 Ohmmeters
17-6 Megohmmeters
17-7 Wattmeters
17-8 Bridge circuits
17-9 Clamp-on meters
17-10 Digital multimeters
CHAPTER 18 Electromagnetic Induction	305	(13)
18-1 Moving coils—stationary fields
18-2 Moving fields—stationary coils
18-3 Fleming's left-hand rule for generators
18-4 Lenz's law
18-5 Induction in rotating machines
CHAPTER 19 DC Generators	318	(36)
19-1 Principles of DC generators
19-2 Armature design
19-3 Generator field structures
19-4 Armature reaction
19-5 Buildup of self-excited fields
19-6 Three types of self-excited generators (series, shunt, and compound)
19-7 Separately excited generators
19-8 Generator calculations
19-9 Power losses
19-10 Generator data and ratings
19-11 Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generation
CHAPTER 20 Mechanical Motion from Electrical Energy	354	(14)
20-1 Basic motor action
20-2 Torque and rotary motion
20-3 The need for commutation
20-4 The need for added armature coils
20-5 From torque to horsepower
CHAPTER 21 DC Motors	368	(32)
21-1 DC machines—motor or generator?
21-2 The counter-emf in a motor
21-3 Armature windings
21-4 Field distortion and the need for interpoles
21-5 The shunt motor
21-6 The series motor
21-7 The compound motor
21-8 Speed control of DC motors
21-9 Reversal of rotation
21-10 Power losses
21-11 Permanent-magnet motors
CHAPTER 22 Starters and Speed Controllers	400	(35)
22-1 Trends in motor control
22-2 The need for reduced-voltage starting
22-3 Manual starters
22-4 Manual speed controllers
22-5 Starters for series motors
22-6 Drum controllers
22-7 Magnetic controllers
22-8 The counter-electromotive force motor controller
22-9 The voltage drop acceleration controller (lockout acceleration)
22-10 Definite time controller
22-11 Electronic controllers
CHAPTER 23 Solid-State Control of DC Motors	435	(9)
23-1 The shunt field power supply
23-2 Armature control
23-3 Current limit
23-4 Speed control
CHAPTER 24 Solving DC Networks	444	(23)
24-1 The loop current method
24-2 The superposition theorem
24-3 Thevenin's theorem
24-4 Norton's theorem
APPENDIX	467	(20)
GLOSSARY	487	(8)
SELECTED ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS	495	(8)
INDEX	503