Discovering Computers 2007: A Gateway to Information, Web Enhanced-Complete

by Shelly, Gary B; Cashman, Thomas J; Vermaat, Misty E

• ISBN13: 9781418843700
• ISBN10: 1418843709
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-02-10
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Provides a current and thorough introduction to computers by integrating usage of the World Wide Web with the printed text. Updated for currency, this Shelly Cashman Series text offers a complete solution to successfully teach students basic computer concepts with new exercises, case studies, and online tools on the Online Companion.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Computers	2	(50)
A World Of Computers	4	(2)
What Is A Computer?	6	(1)
Data and Information	6	(1)
Information Processing Cycle	6	(1)
The Components Of A Computer	7	(2)
Input Devices	7	(1)
Output Devices	8	(1)
System Unit	8	(1)
Storage Devices	8	(1)
Communication Devices	9	(1)
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Comptuers	9	(1)
Looking Ahead: Meical Breakthroughs With Computer Implant Devices	9	(1)
Ethics & Issues: Who Is Responsible for Identity Theft?	10	(1)
Network And The Internet	11	(3)
The Internet	12	(2)
Ethics & Issues: Who Is Responsible for the Accuracy of Web Pages?	14	(1)
Computer Software	15	(1)
System Software	15	(1)
Application Software	16	(1)
Ethics & Issues: Is Computer Gaming More Good than Bad?	16	(2)
Installing and Running Programs	17	(1)
Software Development	18	(1)
Categories Of Computers	18	(1)
Personal Computers	19	(1)
Desktop Computers	20	(1)
Mobile Computers	20	(3)
Notebook Computers	20	(1)
Mobile Devices	21	(2)
Servers	23	(1)
Mainframes	23	(1)
Supercomputers	23	(1)
Embedded Computers	24	(1)
Elements Of An Information System	25	(1)
Examples Of Computer Usage	26	(1)
Home User	26	(1)
Ethics & Issues: Does Internet Dating Readly Work?	27	(5)
Small Office/Home User	28	(1)
Mobile User	29	(1)
Power User	29	(1)
Large Business User	30	(1)
Putting It All Together	31	(1)
Computer Applications In Society	32	(1)
Looking Ahead: Robots Perform Mundane Tasks, Entertain	32	(5)
Education	32	(1)
Finance	32	(1)
Government	33	(1)
Health Care	34	(1)
Science	34	(1)
Publishing	35	(1)
Travel	36	(1)
Manufacturing	36	(1)
Chapter Summary	37	(1)
High-Tech Talk	38	(1)
Analog versus Digital: Making the Conversion	38	(1)
Companies On The Cutting Edge	39	(1)
Dell	39	(1)
Apple Computer	39	(1)
Technology Trailblazers	39	(1)
Bill Gates	39	(1)
Anne Mulcahy	39	(1)
Chapter Review	40	(2)
Key Terms	42	(1)
Checkpoint	43	(3)
Learn It Online	46	(2)
Learn How To	48	(2)
Web Research	50	(1)
Case Studies	51	(1)
Speical Future Time Line 2007	52
The Internet and World Wide Web	66
The Internet	6
History Of The Internet	68
Looking Ahead: Internet Speeds into the Future	70
How The Internet Works	70
Connecting to the Internet	70
Access Providers	71
How Data Travels the Internet	71
Internet Addresses	72
The World Wide Web	73
Browsing the Web	75
Web Addresses	75
Navigating Web Pages	76
Searching for Information on the Web	77
Looking Ahead: 3-D Search Engines Get the Picture	81
Types of Web Sites	82
Looking & Issues: Is the Internet as Good as the Classroom?	82
Evaluating a Web Site	84
Multimedia on the Web	85
Web Publishing	89
E-Commerce	91
Ethics & Issues: Should All Sales on the Internet Be Taxed?	92
Other Internet Services	92
E-Mail	92
Ethics & Issues: E-mail: Irritant or Liberator?	94
FTP	96
Newsgroups and Message Boards	96
Mailing Lists	97
Chat Rooms	98
Instant Messaging	98
Internet Telephony	99
Netiquette	100
Chapter Summary	101
Ethics & Issues: Should Companies Be Able to Track Your Online Habits?	101
High-Tech Talk	102
A Computer's Internet Protocol (IP) Address	102
Companies On The Cutting Edge	103
Google	103
Yahoo!	103
Technology Trailblazers	103
Tim Berners-Lee	103
Meg Whitman	103
Chapter Review	104
Key Terms	106
Checkpoint	107
Learn It Online	110
Learn How To	112
Web Research	114
Case Studies	115
Special Feature Making Use Of The Web	116
Application Software	132
Application Software	134
The Role of System Software	135
Working with Application Software	136
Looking Ahead: User Interfaces of the Future	137
Business Software	138
Word Processing Software	138
Developing a Document	141
Ethics & Issues: How Should Schools Deal with Internet Plagianism?	141
Spreadsheet Software	142
Database Software	145
Presentation Graphics Software	146
Note Taking Software	147
Personal Information Manager Software	148
PDA Business Software	148
Software Suite	148
Project Management Software	149
Accounting Software	149
Document Management Software	150
Enterprise Computing Software	150
Graphics And Multimedia Software	151
Computer-Aided Design	151
Desktop Publishing Software (for the Professional)	152
Paint/Image Editing Software (for the Professional)	152
Ethics & Issues: Atering Digital Photographs - Art or Fraud?	153
Video and Audio Editing Software (for the Professional)	153
Multimedia Authoring Software	154
Web Page Authoring Software	154
Software For Home, Personal, And Educational Use	155
Software Suite (for Personal Use)	156
Personal Finance Software	156
Legal Software	157
Tax Preparation Software	157
Desktop Publishing Software (for Personal Use)	158
Paint/Image Editing Software (for Personal Use)	158
Photo Editing Software	159
Clip Art/Image Gallery	159
Video and Audio Editing Software (for Personal Use)	159
Home Design/Landscaping Software	160
Reference and Educational Software	160
Entertainment Software	160
Application Software For Communications	161
Ethics & Issues: Should Companies Monitor Empoyees' E-Mail?	161
Popular Utility Programs	162
Application Software On The Web	163
Looking Ahead: Driving Down the Web Highway	163
Application Service Providers	164
Learning Aids And Support Tools For Application Software	164
Web-Based Training	166
Chapter Summary	167
Ethics & Issues: Copying Software - A Computer Crimal	167
High-Tech Talk	168
Computer Viruses: Delivery, Infection, and Avoidance	168
Companies On The Cutting Edge	169
Adobe Systems	169
Microsoft	169
Technology Trailblazers	169
Dan Bricklin	169
Masayoshi Son	169
Chapter Review	170
Key Terms	172
Checkpoint	173
Learn It Online	176
Learn How To	178
Web Research	180
Case Studies	181
The Components of the System Unit	182
The System Unit	184
The Motherboard	186
Processor	187
The Control Unit	187
Ethics & Issues: Can Compouters Think?	187
The Arithmetic Logic Unit	188
Machine Cycle	188
Registers	189
The System Clock	189
Looking Ahead: Countries Seek Computing Speed Supremacy	190
Comparison of Personal Computer Processors	190
Buying a Personal Computer	192
Heat Sinks, Head Pipes, and Liquid Cooling	193
Ethics & Issues: Discarded Computer Parts: Whose Problem Is It?	193
Parallel Processing	194
Data Representation	194
Memory	197
Bytes and Addressable Memory	197
Memory Sizes	197
Types of Memory	197
RAM	198
Ethics & Issues: How Much Should You Pay for a Computer?	200
Cache	201
ROM	201
Flash Memory	202
CMOS	203
Memory Access Times	203
Expansion Slots And Adapter Cards	204
PC Cards, Flash Memory Cards, and USB Flash Drives	205
Ports And Connectors	206
Serial Ports	207
Parallel Ports	208
USB Ports	208
FireWire Ports	209
Special Purpose Ports	209
BUSES	211
Expansion Bus	212
Bays	212
Power Supply	213
Mobile Computers And Devices	213
Ethics & Issues: Should Smart Shoes Be Banned from Competitive Events?	214
Looking Ahead: DNA Computer Works to Fight Cancer	215
Putting It All Together	215
Keeping Your Computer Clean	216
Chapter Summary	217
High-Tech Talk	218
Random Access Memory (RAM): The Genius of Memory	218
Companies On The Cutting Edge	219
AMD	219
Intel	219
Technology Trailblazers	219
Jack Kilby	219
Gordon Moore	219
Chapter Review	220
Key Terms	222
Checkpoint	223
Learn It Online	226
Learn How To	228
Web Research	230
Case Studies	231
Input	232
What Is Input?	234
What Are Input Devices?	236
The Keyboard	236
Ethics & Issues: Keyboard Monitoring - Privacy Risk?	237
Keyboard Connections	238
Keyboard Ergonomics	238
Pointing Devices	239
Mouse	239
Mouse Types	239
Using a Mouse	240
Ethics & Issues: Should the Government Set Computer Use Standards?	241
Other Pointing Devices	241
Trackball	241
Touchpad	241
Pointing Stick	242
Joystick and Wheel	242
Audio Player Control Pad	242
Game Pad	242
Light Pen	242
Touch Screen	243
Pen Input	243
Voice Input	245
Audio Input	246
Input For Pdas, Smart Phones, And Tablet Pcs	247
Pdas	247
Smart Phones	248
Tablet PCs	249
Ethics & Issues: Should Taking on a Cellular phone While Driving Be Illegal?	249
Digital Cameras	250
Digital Camera Quality	252
Video Input	253
PC Video Cameras	253
Web Cams	254
Ethics & Issues: Should Cameras Be Abel to Monitor Your Every Move?	254
Video Conferencing	254
Scanners And Reading Devices	255
Optical Scanners	255
Optical Readers	257
Bar Code Readers	258
Ethics & Issues: Scanner Errors at the Checkout Counter?	258
RFID Readers	259
Ethics & Issues: Ready for RFID?	259
Looking Ahead: RFID Sensors Simplify, Monitor Tasks	259
Magnetic Stripe Card Readers	260
MICR Readers	260
Data Collection Devices	261
Terminals	261
Point-of-Sale Terminals	261
Automated Teller Machines	262
Biometric Input	262
Putting It All Together	265
Input Devices For Physically Challenged Users	266
Chapter Summary	267
Looking Ahead: Wearable Computers Make Performance Statement	267
High-Tech Talk	268
Biometrics: Personalized Security	268
Companies On The Cutting Edge	269
Logitech	269
Palm	269
Technology Trailblazers	269
Charles Walton	269
Douglas Englebart	269
Chapter Review	270
Key Terms	272
Checkpoint	273
Learn It Online	276
Learn How To	278
Web Research	280
Case Studies	281
Special Feature Personal Mobile Devices	282
Output	298
What Is Output?	300
Display Devices	302
Flat-Panel Displays	302
LCD Monitors and Screens	302
LCD Technology	304
Looking Ahead: Rollable Displays Lack and Roll	304
LCD Quality	304
Graphics Chips, Ports, and LCD Monitors	305
Plasma Monitors	306
Televisions	306
Crt Monitors	307
Quality of a CRT Monitor	308
Graphics Chips and CRT Monitors	308
Printers	310
Producing Printed Output	311
Nonimpact Printers	312
Ink-Jet Printers	312
Ethics & Issues: Is It Ethical to Refill an Ink-Jet Cartridge?	314
Photo Printers	314
Ethics & Issues: Who Is Responsble for Stopping Counterfeting?	315
Laser Printers	315
Thermal Printers	317
Mobile Printers	317
Label and Postage Printers	318
Plotters and Large-Format Printers	318
Impact Printers	318
Speakers, Headphones, And Earphones	320
Ethics & Issues: Is the Use of Digital Audio Books and E-Books Fair to All Students?	321
Other Output Devices	322
Fax Machines and Fax Modems	322
Multi-Function Peripherals	323
Data Projectors	323
Looking ahead: Digital Cinema just the right picture	324
Force-Feedback Joysticks and Wheels	324
Putting it all Together	325
Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users	326
Ethics & Issues: Should Web Sites Be Held Accountable for Accessibility Levels for Psysically Challenged People?	327
Chapter Summary	327
High-Tech Talk	328
Sound Cards: Bringing Your Computer to Life	328
Companies on the Cutting Edge	329
Hewlett-Packard	329
ViewSonic	329
Technology Trailblazers	329
Steve Jobs	329
Donna Dubinsky	329
Chapter Review	330
Key Terms	332
Checkpoint	333
Learn It Online	336
Learn How To	338
Web Research	340
Case Studies	341
Special Feature Digital Imaging and Video Technology	342
Storage	352
Storage	354
Magnetic Disks	357
Hard Disks	358
Floppy Disks	364
Zip Disks	365
Looking Ahead: Heat Increases Disk Capacity	359
Optical Discs	366
Care of Optical Discs	368
Types of Optical Discs	368
CD-ROMs	369
Ethics & Issues: Does Music Sharing Harm CD Sales?	369
CD-Rs and CD-RWs	371
Ethics & Issues: Is It Ethical to Use Pirated CDs or DVDs?	371
DVD-ROMs	372
Looking Ahead: Next-Generation DVDs a Burning Question	373
Recordable and Rewritable DVDs	373
Tape	374
PC Cards	374
Miniature Mobile Storage Media	375
Flash Memory Cards	376
USB Flash Drives	377
Smart Cards	378
Ethics & Issues: Should the World Become a Cashless Society?	378
Microfilm and Microfiche	379
Enterprise Storage	379
Putting it all Together	380
Chapter Summary	381
Ethics & Issues: Who Should Be Looking at Your Medical Records?	381
High-Tech Talk	382
Disk Formatting and File Systems	382
Companies on the Cutting Edge	383
Maxtor	383
SanDisk Corporation	383
Technology Trailblazers	383
Al Shugart	383
Mark Dean	383
Chapter Review	384
Key Terms	386
Checkpoint	387
Learn It Online	390
Learn How To	392
Web Research	394
Case Studies	395
Operating Systems and Utility Programs	396
System Software	398
Operating Systems	398
Operating System Functions	400
Starting a Computer	400
Providing a User Interface	402
Managing Programs	403
Managing Memory	405
Scheduling Jobs	406
Configuring Devices	407
Establishing a Connection	409
Monitoring Performance	409
Ethics & Issues: What Should Be in an Operating System?	409
Providing File Management and Other Utilities	410
Ethics & Issues: Who is Responsible for Operating System Security?	410
Controlling a Network	410
Administering Security	410
Operating System Utility Programs	411
File Manager	412
Image Viewer	412
Personal Firewall	413
Uninstaller	413
Disk Scanner	414
Disk Defragmenter	414
Diagnostic Utility	414
Backup Utility	415
Screen Saver	415
Types of Operating Systems	415
Ethics & Issues: Should Software Manufactures Be Liable for Defective Software?	416
Stand-Alone Operating Systems	416
DOS	417
Windows XP	417
Windows Vista	419
Mac OS X	420
UNIX	420
Linux	421
Ethics & Issues: Closed Source vs. Open Source Operating Systems	421
Looking Ahead: The Future of Linux	421
Network Operating Systems	422
NetWare	422
Windows Server 2003	422
UNIX	423
Linux	423
Solaris	423
Embedded Operating Systems	423
Windows CE	423
Windows Mobile	424
Palm OS	424
Embedded Linux	425
Symbian OS	425
Stand-Alone Utility Programs	425
Antivirus Programs	425
Spyware Removers	426
Internet Filters	426
File Conversion	427
File Compression	427
CD/DVD Burning	428
Personal Computer Maintenance	428
Chapter Summary	429
Looking Ahead: Online Operating Systems Proposed	429
High-Tech Talk	430
Companies on the Cutting Edge	431
Red Hat	431
Symbian	431
Technology Trailblazers	431
Alan Kay	431
Linus Torvalds	431
Chapter Review	432
Key Terms	434
Checkpoint	435
Learn It Online	438
Learn How To	440
Web Research	442
Case Studies	443
Special Feature Buyer's Guide 2007	444
Communications and Networks	458
Communications	460
Uses of Computer Communications	462
Internet, Web, E-Mail, Instant Messaging, Chat Rooms, Newsgroups, Internet Telephony, FTP, Web Folders, Video Conferencing, and Fax	462
Wireless Messaging Services	462
Ethics & Issues: Should Cell Phones Be Banned in Public Places?	462
Ethics & Issues: High-Tech Cheating via Wireless Messaging Services	464
Public Internet Access Points	464
Cybercafes	465
Global Positioning System	466
Collaboration	467
Groupware	468
Voice Mail	468
Web Services	468
Networks	469
LANs, MANs, and WANs	470
Network Architectures	472
Network Topologies	474
Intranets	475
Network Communications Standards	476
Ethernet	476
Token Ring	476
TCP/IP	477
802.11 (Wi-Fi)	478
Bluetooth	478
IrDA	478
RFID	479
WiMax	479
WAP	480
Communications Software	480
Ethics & Issues: Should Libraries Be Required to Hand Over Web Browser Logs to the Government?	480
Communications over the Telephone Network	481
Dial-Up Lines	481
Dedicated Lines	482
ISDN Lines	482
DSL	482
T-Carrier Lines	483
ATM	483
Communications Devices	484
Dial-Up Modems	485
ISDN and DSL Modems	485
Cable Modems	485
Wireless Modems	486
Network Cards	486
Wireless Access Points	487
Routers	488
Connecting Networks	488
Home Networks	489
Wired Home Networks	489
Wireless Home Networks	490
Communications Channel	491
Looking Ahead: Tech Firms Supporting Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)	492
Physical Transmission Media	492
Twisted-Pair Cable	493
Coaxial Cable	493
Fiber-Optic Cable	493
Wireless Transmission Media	494
Ethics & Issues: Is It Ethical to Steal Your Neighbors Wireless Internet Service?	494
Infrared	494
Broadcast Radio	494
Cellular Radio	494
Microwaves	495
Communications Satellite	496
Looking Ahead: Europe Develops Satellite Navigation System	496
Chapter Summary	497
High-Tech Talk	498
OSI Reference Model: The Driving Force Behind Network Communications	498
Companies on the Cutting Edge	499
Cisco Systems	499
Qualcomm	499
Technology Trailblazers	499
Robert Metcalfe	499
Patricia Russo	499
Chapter Review	500
Key Terms	502
Checkpoint	503
Learn It Online	506
Learn How To	508
Web Research	510
Case Studies	511
Database Management	512
Databases, Data and Information	514
Data Integrity	516
Qualities of Valuable Information	516
The Hierarchy of Data	517
Characters	518
Fields	518
Records	519
Files	519
Ethics & Issues: Is a National Identification Card Necessary for the Security of the Nation?	519
Maintaining Data	520
Adding Records	520
Changing Records	521
Deleting Records	522
Validating Data	522
File Processing Versus Databases	524
File Processing Systems	524
The Database Approach	524
Ethics & Issues: Should States Share Criminal Databases?	525
Database Management Systems	526
Data Dictionary	527
File Retrieval and Maintenance	528
Looking Ahead: WinFS Offers Improved File Organizing System	528
Data Security	530
Ethics & Issues: Who Should Be Granted Access to Student Records?	531
Backup and Recovery	531
Relational, Object-Oriented, and Multidimensional Databases	532
Relational Databases	533
Object-Oriented Databases	534
Multidimensional Databases	535
Web Databases	536
Ethics & issues: Can the Government Be Trusted with Personal Data?	537
Database Administration	537
Database Design Guidelines	537
Role of the Database Anaylsts and Administrators	538
Role of the Employee as User	538
Chapter Summary	539
Looking Ahead: Preserving Electronic Files for Future Generations	539
High-Tech Talk	540
Ensure Consistency of your Data with Normalization	540
Companies on the Cutting Edge	541
Oracle	541
Sybase	541
Technology Trailblazers	541
E. F. Codd	541
Larry Ellison	541
Chapter Review	542
Key Terms	544
Checkpoint	545
Learn It Online	548
Learn How To	550
Web Research	552
Case Studies	553
Computer Security, Ethics, and Privacy	554
Computer Security Risks	556
Internet and Network Attacks	558
Computer Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses	558
Ethics & Issues: How Should Virsus Authors Be Punished?	558
Safeguards against Computer Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses	560
Denial of Service Attacks	562
Back Doors	562
Spoofing	563
Safeguards against DoS Attacks, Back Doors, and IP Spoofing	563
Firewalls	563
Intrusion Detection Software	564
Honeypots	564
Unauthorized Access and Use	564
Safeguards against Unauthorized Access and Use	565
Identifying and Authenticating Users	565
Ethics & Issues: Should Schools Use Biometric Devices?	568
Looking Ahead: Three-Dimensional Facial Recognition Software - A Step Forward for Security	568
Hardware Theft and Vandalism	569
Safeguards against Hardware Theft and Vandalism	569
Software Theft	570
Safeguards against Software Theft	570
Information Theft	571
Safeguards against Information Theft	572
Encryption	572
System Failure	574
Safeguards against System Failure	574
Backing Up - The Ultimate Safeguard	576
Wireless Security	576
Ethics and Society	578
Information Accuracy	579
Intellectual Property Rights	579
Ethics & Issues: Who Should Control the Content of Your CDs and DVDs?	580
Codes of Conduct	580
Information Privacy	580
Electronic Profiles	581
Cookies	582
Spyware and Adware	583
Ethics & Issues: Should Spyware Be Legal?	583
Spam	584
Ethics & Issues: Who Should Protect You from Identity Theft?	584
Phishing	584
Privacy Laws	585
Employee Monitoring	586
Content Filtering	586
Computer Forensics	587
Looking Ahead: Computer Knowledge Assessment Using Brain Fingerprinting	587
Health Concerns of Computer Use	587
Computers and Health Risks	587
Ergonomics and Workplace Design	589
Computer Addiction	589
Green Computing	590
Chapter Summary	591
High-Tech Talk	592
The Key(s) to Making Encryption Work	592
Companies on the Cutting Edge	593
McAfee	593
Symantec	593
Technology Trailblazers	593
Donn Parker	593
Cliff Stoll	593
Chapter Review	594
Key Terms	596
Checkpoint	597
Learn It Online	600
Learn How To	602
Web Research	604
Case Studies	605
Spcial Features Computer Forensics	606
Information System Development	618
What is the System Development Cycle?	620
Phases in the System Development Cycle	620
Guidelines for System Development	621
Who Participates in the System Development Cycle?	622
Looking Ahead: Computer Systems Design and the Future	623
Project Management	623
Feasibility Assessment	625
Documentation	625
Data and Information Gathering Techniques	625
Ethics & Issues: Do You Work Harder When Someone Is Watching?	626
What Initiates the System Development Cycle?	626
Ethics & Issues: How Should Employers Combat Poor E-Mail Writing Skills?	627
Web Stop Cafe - A Case Study	628
Planning Phase	629
Planning at Web Stop Cafe	629
Analysis Phase	630
The Preliminary Investigation	630
Preliminary Investigation at Web Stop Cafe	631
Detailed Analysis	631
Process Modeling	632
Object Modeling	635
The System Proposal	636
Ethics & Issues: Does Keeping Up with Technology Provide a Strategic Advantage?	637
Detailed Analysis at Web Stop Cafe	638
Design Phase	639
Acquiring Necessary Hardware and Software	639
Identifying Technical Specifications	639
Soliciting Vendor Proposals	639
Testing and Evaluating Vendor Proposals	640
Making a Decision	640
Hardware Acquisition at Web Stop Cafe	641
Detailed Design	641
Prototyping	642
CASE Tools	642
Quality Review Techniques	643
Detailed Design at Web Stop Cafe	643
Implementation Phase	643
Develop Programs	643
Install and Test the New System	644
Looking Ahead: Putting Vista to the Test	644
Train Users	644
Convert to the New System	644
Implementation at Web Stop Cafe	645
Ethics & Issues: What Type of System Conversion Is Best?	645
Operation, Support, and Security Phase	646
Developing a Computer Security Plan	646
Support at Web Stop Cafe	647
Chapter Summary	647
High-Tech Talk	648
Benchmarking: Testing Performance through Calculations	648
Companies on the Cutting Edge	649
Computer Associates	649
Zebra Technologies	649
Technology Trailblazers	649
Ed Yourdon	649
Tom DeMarco	649
Chapter Review	650
Key Terms	652
Checkpoint	653
Learn It Online	656
Learn How To	658
Web Research	660
Case Studies	661
Programming Languages and Program Development	662
Computer Programs and Programming Languages	664
Low-Level Languages	665
Procedural Languages	66
COBOL	668
C	668
Object-Oriented Programming Languages	669
Java	669
C++	670
C#	670
Visual Studio 2005	670
Delphi	672
PowerBuilder	673
Visual Programming Languages	673
Other Programming Languages	674
RPG	674
4GLs	674
Classic Programming Languages	675
Looking Ahead: The Future of Programming Languages	675
Other Program Development Tools	676
Application Generators	676
Macros	676
Ethics & Issues: Should All Students Be Required to Learn Computer Programming?	677
Web Page Development	678
HTML	678
Scripts, Applets, Servlets, and ActiveX Controls	679
Scripting Languages	680
Dynamic HTML	682
XHTML, XML, and WML	682
Ajax	683
Web Page Authoring Software	683
Ethics & Issues: Should A Web Page Author Know HTML?	683
Multimedia Program Development	684
The Program Development Cycle	685
What Initiates the Program Development Cycle?	685
Looking Ahead: Robotic Vehicles Move Forward	686
Step 1 - Analyze Requirements	686
Step 2 - Design Solution	687
Structured Design	687
Object-Oriented Design	688
Control Structures	688
Design Tools	690
Step 3 - Validate Design	693
Step 4 - Implement Design	693
Ethics & Issues: Should Programmers Be Able to Copy Another Program's User Interface?	694
Extreme Programming	695
Step 5 - Test Solution	695
Ethics & Issues: Who is Responsible for Bugs?	696
Step 6 - Document Solution	696
Chapter Summary	697
High-Tech Talk	698
Structuring Data for the Web Using XML	698
Companies on the Cutting Edge	699
Electronic Arts	699
Sun Microsystems	699
Technology Trailblazers	699
Grace Hopper	699
James Gosling	699
Chapter Review	700
Key Terms	702
Checkpoint	703
Learn It Online	706
Learn How To	708
Web Research	710
Case Studies	711
Enterprise Computing	712
What is Enterprise Computing?	714
Organizational Structure of an Enterprise	716
Levels of Users	717
Looking Ahead: The CEO of the Future	718
How Managers Use Information	718
Information Systems in the Enterprise	720
Information Systems within Functional Units	720
General Purpose Information Systems	725
Integrated Information Systems	730
Ethics & Issues: Should Companies Share Customer Information?	730
Enterprise-Wide Technologies	733
Portals	733
Data Warehouses	734
EDI	735
Extranets	735
Web Services	735
Document Management Systems	736
Workflow	736
Virtual Private Network	736
E-Commerce	737
E-Retailing	737
Ethics & Issues: Would You Buy Merchandise Online?	738
Finance	738
Travel	739
Entertainment and Media	739
Ethics & Issues: Would You Trust an Online Medical Diagnosis?	739
Health	739
Other Business Services	740
Enterprise Hardware	741
RAID	741
Network Attached Storage and Storage Area Networks	742
Enterprise Storage Systems	743
Ethics & Issues: How Much Data Should Companies Be Required to Keep?	743
Blade Servers	744
Thin Clients	744
High-Availability Systems	745
Scalability	745
Utility and Grid Computing	745
Looking Ahead: The Future of Grid Computing	746
Interoperability	746
Backup Procedures	746
Disaster Recovery Plan	747
Chapter Summary	749
High-Tech Talk	750
Neural Networks: Learning from Experience	750
Companies on the Cutting Edge	751
SAP	751
IBM	751
Technology Trailblazers	751
Mark Hurd	751
Jim Clark	751
Chapter Review	752
Key Terms	754
Checkpoint	755
Learn It Online	758
Learn How To	760
Web Research	762
Case Studies	763
Special Feature Enterprise Order Processing: A Case Study	764
Computer Careers and Certification	774
The Computer Industry	776
Ethics & Issues: Outsourcing Computer Jobs - A Threat to American Workers?	777
Careers in the Computer Industry	778
General Business and Government Organizations and Their IT Departments	778
Looking Ahead: Tomorrow's Jobs in Information Technology	779
Computer Equipment Field	782
Ethics & Issues: Should Work Visas Be Issued to Foreign IT Workers?	782
Computer Software Field	782
Computer Service and Repair Field	783
Computer Sales	783
Computer Education and Training Field	784
IT Consulting	784
Preparing for a Career in the Computer Industry	785
Attending a Trade School	785
Attending a College or University	786
Ethics & Issues: Should Colleges Teach Students How to Create Computer Virses?	787
Searching for Computer-Related Jobs	787
Planning for Career Development	789
Professional Organizations	789
Looking Ahead: Women Connect Professionally Online	789
Professional Growth and Continuing Education	790
Computer Publications and Web Sites	791
Certification	792
Certification Benefits	792
Choosing a Certification	794
Preparing for Certification	794
Certification Examinations	795
A Guide to Certification	796
Ethics & Issues: Should Lifetime Certification Be Grand for Computer Professionals?	796
Application Software Certifications	796
Operating System Certifications	797
Programming/Developer Certifications	797
Hardware Certifications	798
Networking Certifications	798
Computer Forensics Certifications	799
Security Certifications	799
Internet Certifications	800
Database System Certifications	800
Chapter Summary	801
High-Tech Talk	802
Companies on the Cutting Edge	803
Monster	803
ZDNet	803
Technology Trailblazers	803
Steve Ballmer	803
Steve Wozniak	803
Chapter Review	804
Key Terms	806
Checkpoint	807
Learn It Online	810
Learn How To	812
Web Research	814
Case Studies	815
Special Feature Digital Entertainment	816
Appendix A: Coding Schemes and Number Systems	1
Appendix B: Quiz Yourself Answers	5
Appendix C: Computer Acronyms	13