Discovery: From Sentence to Paragraph (with MyWritingLab Student Access Code Card)

by Kelly, William J.; Lawton, Deborah L.

• ISBN13: 9780321366221
• ISBN10: 0321366220
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Package
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Discovery-with a full-color design, an encouraging tone, meticulous explanations, and abundance of precisely sequenced and incrementally challenging exercise sets - focuses on helping students build sentence and paragraph writing skills through self and academic discovery. An abundance of precisely sequenced and incrementally challenging exercise sets (giving professors greater flexibility in assignments) help students build sentence and paragraph writing skills through self and academic discovery. Progressive exercises that begin on the comprehension level of fundamental concepts, move to exercises that focus on reflection, critical thinking, and invention while requiring short written responses, to exercises in which students are prompted to prewrite, draft, and revise. Paragraph to essay level developmental writing where readers are to view writing as a means of discovering more about themselves and their surroundings

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
About the Authors	xxx
PART 1 The Elements of Effective Writing	1	(120)
Understanding the Writing Process	2	(13)
Overview: Discovery through Writing	2	(1)
The Stages of the Writing Process	3	(2)
The Dynamics of Writing	5	(1)
Your Reader	6	(2)
The Purpose behind Your Writing	8	(1)
The Relationship between Writing and Reading	8	(4)
Spotlight Piece Process, Dynamics, and Purpose	11	(1)
Understanding the Subject through Writing	12	(3)
Recap Understanding the Writing Process	13	(2)
Prewriting: Developing Ideas	15	(19)
Overview: Prewriting	15	(1)
Freewriting	16	(2)
Brainstorming	18	(2)
Clustering	20	(2)
Branching	22	(2)
Idea Mapping	24	(2)
Journal Writing	26	(1)
The Response Journal	27	(4)
Spotlight Piece Development of Prewriting Ideas	29	(2)
Understanding the Subject through Writing	31	(3)
Recap Prewriting: Developing Ideas	32	(2)
Composing: Creating Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences	34	(28)
Overview: Composing	34	(1)
The Paragraph	35	(3)
Topic Focus	38	(3)
Topic Sentence Development	41	(3)
Clear and Specific Topic Sentences	44	(1)
Effective Topic Sentences	44	(4)
Supporting Ideas	48	(2)
Effective Arrangement of Details and Examples	50	(2)
Writer-Centered Words; Reader-Centered Sentences	52	(2)
The Complete Paragraph	54	(5)
Spotlight Piece The Complete First-Draft Writing	56	(3)
Understanding the Subject through Writing	59	(3)
Recap Composing: Creating Topic Sentences and Supporting Sentences	60	(2)
Revising: Refining Your Draft	62	(36)
Overview: Revision	62	(1)
Reassessment	63	(20)
Unity	63	(2)
Coherence	65	(11)
Effective Language	76	(4)
Feedback from an Objective Reader	80	(1)
Sample: Peer Response	81	(2)
Redrafting	83	(3)
Editing	86	(6)
A Personal Proofreading System	86	(1)
A Proofreading Partner	87	(1)
Computer Tools	87	(3)
A Final Draft	90	(2)
Journal Writing	92	(2)
Spotlight Piece A Sample Final Draft	92	(2)
Understanding the Subject through Writing	94	(4)
Corrected Version of Exercise 4.24	95	(1)
Recap Revising: Refining Your Draft	96	(2)
Moving from Paragraph to Essay	98	(23)
Overview: The Difference between a Paragraph and an Essay	98	(1)
Essay Structure	98	(2)
The Introduction	99	(1)
The Body	99	(1)
The Conclusion	99	(1)
The Essay Writing Process	100	(9)
Prewriting	101	(1)
Composing	101	(5)
Revising	106	(3)
The Essay Writing Process: A Sample	109	(3)
Journal Writing	112	(3)
Spotlight Piece Considering a Final Draft	112	(3)
Understanding the Subject through Writing	115	(6)
Recap Moving from Paragraph to Essay	117	(1)
The Faces of Discovery	118	(3)
PART 2 Effective Sentences: Constructing Meaning	121	(100)
Subjects and Verbs	122	(21)
Overview: Elements of a Complete Sentence	122	(1)
Action Verbs	123	(2)
Linking Verbs	125	(3)
Identifying Subjects	128	(1)
The Simple Subject versus the Complete Subject	129	(3)
Verb Phrases and Compound Verbs	132	(3)
Compound Subjects	135	(2)
Journal Writing	137	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Subjects and Verbs	138	(1)
Summary Exercise: Subjects and Verbs	138	(5)
Recap Subjects and Verbs	140	(3)
Sentence Fragments	143	(21)
Overview: Complete Sentences	143	(1)
Fragments with Missing Verbs	144	(4)
Fragments with Missing Subjects	148	(2)
Phrase Fragments	150	(2)
Appositive Phrase Fragments	152	(2)
Subordinate Clause Fragments	154	(5)
Journal Writing	159	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Sentence Fragments	159	(1)
Summary Exercise: Sentence Fragments	159	(5)
Recap Sentence Fragments	162	(2)
Subordination	164	(17)
Overview: Complex Sentences with Supporting Clauses	164	(1)
Simple and Complex Sentences	164	(3)
Subordinating Conjunctions	167	(3)
Relative Pronouns	170	(2)
Punctuation of Subordinate Clauses	172	(4)
Journal Writing	176	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Subordination	176	(1)
Summary Exercise: Subordination	177	(4)
Recap Subordination	179	(2)
Coordination	181	(15)
Overview: Compound Sentences	181	(1)
Coordinating Conjunctions	181	(4)
Semicolons	185	(2)
Conjunctive Adverbs	187	(3)
Journal Writing	190	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Coordination	191	(1)
Summary Exercise: Coordination	191	(5)
Recap Coordination	194	(2)
Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences	196	(25)
Overview: Sentence-Combining Errors	196	(1)
Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences	197	(2)
Correcting Comma Splices and Run-Ons with Coordinating Conjunctions	199	(3)
Semicolons	202	(4)
Subordinating Conjunctions	206	(3)
Periods	209	(3)
Journal Writing	212	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences	213	(1)
Summary Exercise: Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences	213	(8)
Recap Comma Splices and Run-On Sentences	216	(2)
The Faces of Discovery	218	(3)
PART 3 Verbs: Conveying Action and Time	221	(92)
Maintaining Subject-Verb Agreement	222	(24)
Overview: Subject---Verb Agreement	222	(1)
Agreement When the Subject Follows the Verb	223	(2)
Sentences Beginning with There and Here	225	(2)
Words That Separate Subjects and Verbs	227	(4)
Problems with Compound Subjects	231	(2)
Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns	233	(4)
Agreement with Collective Nouns, Singular Nouns Ending in -s, and Words Indicating Amounts	237	(3)
Journal Writing	240	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Maintaining Subject---Verb Agreement	240	(1)
Summary Exercise: Maintaining Subject---Verb Agreement	241	(5)
Recap Maintaining Subject-Verb Agreement	244	(2)
Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs	246	(19)
Overview: The Basic Tenses	246	(1)
The Present Tense	247	(3)
The Future Tense	250	(2)
The Past Tense	252	(3)
The Perfect Tenses	255	(4)
Past Perfect Tense	255	(1)
Present Perfect Tense	256	(1)
Future Perfect Tense	256	(3)
Journal Writing	259	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs	259	(1)
Summary Exercise: Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs	260	(5)
Recap Forming Basic Tenses for Regular Verbs	262	(3)
Using Irregular Verbs Correctly	265	(13)
Overview: Verbs That Do Not Follow the Rules	265	(1)
A List of Irregular Verbs	266	(3)
Strategies for Mastering Irregular Verbs	269	(4)
Journal Writing	273	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Using Irregular Verbs Correctly	273	(1)
Summary Exercise: Using Irregular Verbs Correctly	274	(4)
Recap Using Irregular Verbs Correctly	277	(1)
Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense	278	(17)
Overview: Passive Voice and Progressive Tense	278	(1)
Using the Passive Voice	279	(3)
Progressive Tenses	282	(3)
Consistency in Tense	285	(4)
Journal Writing	289	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense	289	(1)
Summary Exercise: Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense	290	(5)
Recap Using Passive Voice and Progressive Tenses, and Maintaining Consistency in Tense	293	(2)
Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use	295	(18)
Overview: Special Problems with Verbs	295	(1)
Can and Could	296	(2)
Will and Would	298	(2)
Forms of to Be	300	(4)
Journal Writing	304	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use	305	(1)
Summary Exercise: Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use	306	(7)
Recap Dealing with Additional Elements of Verb Use	308	(2)
The Faces of Discovery	310	(3)
PART 4 Sentence Elements: Striving for Precision	313	(72)
Working with Nouns	314	(14)
Overview: Words That Name	314	(1)
The Function and Form of Nouns	314	(4)
Singular Nouns Ending in -s and Collective Nouns	318	(1)
Cue Words That Identify Number	319	(4)
Journal Writing	323	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Working with Nouns	323	(1)
Summary Exercise: Working with Nouns	324	(4)
Recap Working with Nouns	326	(2)
Using Pronouns: Considering Case, Clear Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement, and Nonsexist Pronoun Usage	328	(30)
Overview: The Correct Pronoun Choice	328	(1)
Pronoun Types	329	(1)
Pronoun Case	330	(3)
Agreement in Number	333	(2)
Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns	335	(5)
Errors in Agreement with Demonstrative Pronouns and Adjectves	340	(1)
The Role of Reflexive or Intensive Pronouns	341	(4)
Agreement in That, Who, and Which Clauses	345	(1)
Problems with Gender in Pronoun---Antecedent Agreement	346	(1)
Avoidance of Sexist Language	347	(3)
Journal Writing	350	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Using Pronouns	350	(1)
Summary Exercise: Using Pronouns	351	(7)
Recap Using Pronouns: Considering Case, Clear Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement, and Nonsexist Pronoun Usage	354	(4)
Working with Adjectives and Adverbs: Using Modifiers Effectively	358	(27)
Overview: Building Precise Detail with Modifiers	358	(1)
The Positive Form of Adjectives and Adverbs	358	(3)
The Comparative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs	361	(2)
The Superlative Form of Adjectives and Adverbs	363	(2)
Irregular Modifiers	365	(1)
Confusing Modifier Pairs	366	(3)
Double Negatives	369	(2)
Using -ing Modifiers	371	(3)
Problems with -ing Modifiers	374	(3)
Journal Writing	377	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Working with Adjectives and Adverbs	377	(1)
Summary Exercise: Working with Adjectives, Adverbs, and Other Modifiers	378	(7)
Recap Using Modifiers	380	(2)
The Faces of Discovery	382	(3)
PART 5 Consistency Workshop: Aiming for Correctness	385	(100)
Capitalizing Correctly	386	(13)
Overview: Proper Capitalization	386	(1)
When Words Should Be Capitalized	386	(6)
Journal Writing	392	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Capitalizing Correctly	392	(1)
Summary Exercise: Capitalizing Correctly	393	(6)
Recap Capitalizing Correctly	396	(3)
Using Punctuation Properly	399	(18)
Overview: The Role of Punctuation	399	(1)
Periods. Question Marks, and Exclamation Points	399	(3)
Colons and Semicolons	402	(3)
Quotation Marks	405	(2)
Apostrophes	407	(4)
Journal Writing	411	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Using Punctuation Properly	411	(1)
Summary Exercise: Using Punctuation Properly	412	(5)
Recap Using Punctuation Properly	415	(2)
Using Commas	417	(20)
Overview: When Commas Are Needed	417
Comma Function	1	(1)
To indicate a pause between two simple sentences connected by a coordinating conjunction	418
Comma Function	2	(1)
To separate items in a series	420
Comma Function	3	(1)
To separate an introductory phrase from the rest of the sentence	421
Comma Function	4	(1)
To set off an introductory subordinate clause	423
Comma Function	5	(1)
To set off word groups that would otherwise interrup the flow of the sentence	424
Comma Function	6	(1)
To set off a direct quotation from the rest of a sentence	426
Comma Function	7	(424)
To punctuate dates and addresses	429	(2)
Journal Writing	431	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Using Commas	432	(1)
Summary Exercise: Using Commas	433	(4)
Recap Using Commas	435	(2)
Mastering Spelling	437	(28)
Overview: The Importance of Correct Spelling	437	(1)
Forming Plurals	438	(3)
Prefixes and Suffixes	441	(2)
Doubling the Final Consonant	443	(2)
Words with ie or ei Combinations	445	(1)
Confusing Endings and Incorrect Forms	446	(2)
Commonly Confused Words	448	(5)
Maintaining a Personal Spelling Dictionary	453	(6)
Journal Writing	459	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Mastering Spelling	459	(1)
Summary Exercise: Mastering Spelling	460	(5)
Recap Mastering Spelling	462	(3)
Maintaining Parallelism	465	(20)
Overview: Creating Balance in Writing	465	(1)
Keeping Individual Words in a Series Parallel	466	(3)
Keeping Phrases in a Series Parallel	469	(3)
Parallelism with Correlative Conjunctions	472	(5)
Journal Writing	477	(1)
Chapter Quick Check: Maintaining Parallelism	477	(1)
Summary Exercise: Maintaining Parallelism	478	(7)
Recap Maintaining Parallelism	480	(2)
The Faces of Discovery	482	(3)
PART 6 Discovering Connections through Reading	485	(39)
Overview: Active Reading Strategies	486	(1)
Taking Notes	486	(1)
Active Reading Strategies	486	(1)
Active Reading Illustrated	487	(2)
To Be an All-American Girl Elizabeth Wong	489	(3)
Education Malcolm X	492	(3)
Now It's Time for Generation Next Anna Quindlen	495	(3)
Complaining Maya Angelou	498	(1)
One Man's Kids Daniel Meier	499	(3)
The House on Mango Street Sandra Cisneros	502	(2)
Treading Thoughtfully Liliana Ibara	504	(3)
Popularity Marta Melendez	507	(2)
Remembering India Elsa ``Chachi'' Maldonado	509	(2)
``Forget the past. No one becomes successful in the past.'' Peter LeComte	511	(2)
Differences in Child Rearing in Russia and the United States Svetlana Melamedman	513	(3)
Character Roles Samrouay Senghoung	516	(1)
The Influence of an Older Person in My Life Carlos Marujo	517	(2)
The Old Store Valeri L. Cappiello	519	(2)
Why Couldn't I Have Been Named Ashley? Imma Achilike	521	(3)
Appendix Tips for ESL Writers	524	(16)
Credits	540	(1)
Index	541