Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using Gis

by Vieux, Baxter E.

• ISBN13: 9781402024597
• ISBN10: 1402024592
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-30
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

This monograph sets forth a unified approach and principles for modeling hydrologic processes distributed in space and time using geographic information systems (GIS). The focus of this Second Edition is on the principles of how to implement a distributed model using geospatial data to simulate hydrologic processes. Once we embark on fully distributed representations of hydrologic processes, conservation laws form the basis for modeling, and spatial data management becomes necessary. A physics-based approach involves the laws that govern the complexities of all the paths that water travels, from precipitation falling over a river basin to the flow in the river. Worldwide geospatial data has become readily available in GIS format. A modeling approach that can utilize this data for hydrology offers many possibilities. GIS data formats, spatial interpolation, and resolution have important effects on hydrologic simulation of the major hydrologic components of a watershed. Examples are provided that illustrate how to represent a watershed with spatially distributed data along with the many pitfalls inherent in such an undertaking. Since the First Edition, software development and applications have created a richer set of examples, and a deeper understanding of how to perform distributed hydrologic analysis and prediction. This Second Edition is oriented towards a commercially available distributed model called Vflo'„¢. The basic edition of this model, with a 30 day license, is included on the enclosed CD-ROM. Audience: This volume will be valuable for researchers, faculty, upper division undergraduate and graduate students, hydrologists, physical geographers, hydrometeorologists, and practitioners in civil, agricultural, and water resources engineering.

Table of Contents

Dedication

Preface

Foreword

Acknowledgments

Distributed Hydrologic Modeling

Introduction

Why Distributed Hydrologic Modeling?

Distributed Model Representation

Mathematical Analogy

GIS Data Structures and Sources

Surface Generation

Spatial Resolution and Information Content

Runoff Processes

Hydraulic Roughness

Drainage Networks and Resolution

Spatially Variable Precipitation

Distributed Hydrologic Model Formulation

Distributed Model Calibration

Case Studies

Hydrologic Analysis and Prediction

Summary

References

Data Sources And Structure

Introduction

Dimensionality

Map Scale and Spatial Detail

Datum and Scale

Georeferenced Coordinate Systems

Map Projections

Data Representation

Watershed Delineation

Soil Classification

Land use/Cover Classification

Summary

References

Surface Generation

Introduction

Surface Generators

Surface Generation Application

Summary

References

Spatial Variability

Introduction

Information Content

Fractal Interpretation

Resolution Effects on DEMs

Summary

References

Infiltration Modeling

Introduction

Infiltration Process

Approaches to Infiltration Modeling

Green-Ampt theory

Estimation of Green-Ampt Parameters

Attribute Error

Summary

References

Hydraulic Roughness

Introduction

Hydraulics of Surface Runoff

Application to the Illinois River Basin

Summary

References

Digital Terrain

Introduction

Drainage Network

Definition of Channel Networks

Resolution Dependent Effects

Constraining Drainage Direction

Summary

References

Precipitation Measurement

Introduction

Rain Gauge Estimation of Rainfall

Radar Estimation of Precipitation

WSR-88D Radar Characteristics

Input for Hydrologic Modeling

Summary

References

Finite Element Modeling

Introduction

Mathematical Formulation

Summary

References

Distributed Model Calibration

Introduction

Calibration Approach

Distributed Model Calibration

Automatic Calibration

Summary

References

Distributed Hydrologic Modeling

Introduction

Case Studies

Summary

References

Hydrologic Analysis And Prediction

Introduction

Vfloa"[$$$] Editions

Vfloa"[$$$] Features and Modules

Model Feature Summary

Vfloa"[$$$] Real-time

Data Requirements

Relationship to Other Models

Summary

References

Glossary

Index

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