Drug and Alcohol Consumption as Functions of Social Structures : A Cross-Cultural Sociology

by Hawdon, James E.

• ISBN13: 9780773461871
• ISBN10: 0773461876
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-05-01
• Publisher: EDWIN MELLEN PRESS

Author Biography

James Hawdon recently joined the faculty at Virginia Polytechnic and State University as an Associate Professor of Sociology.

Table of Contents

Foreword	1	(1)
Preface by Randolph Atkins, Jr.	xi
Acknowledgments	xvii
Chapter 1 On the Sociology of Drugs	1	(20)
Why do individuals use drugs?	3	(2)
Why are some drugs illegal and why do we care?	5	(2)
On The Sociology of Drugs	7	(9)
Drugs Defined	7	(3)
How Drugs Vary	10	(6)
A Note on Methodology	16	(5)
Chapter 2 The Empirical Patterns of Legal Drug Use	21	(28)
Caffeine	22	(6)
Tobacco	28	(6)
Alcohol	34	(6)
Pharmaceutical Drugs	40	(6)
Summary	46	(3)
Chapter 3 The Empirical Patterns of Illegal Drug Use	49	(66)
Global Patterns of Illicit Drug Use	50	(2)
Regional Patterns	52	(59)
Africa	53	(9)
Asia and Middle East	62	(14)
Europe	76	(12)
North America	88	(8)
South America, Central America and the Caribbean	96	(11)
Oceania	107	(4)
Summary	111	(4)
Chapter 4 Theoretic Framework for a Sociology of Drug Use	115	(50)
The Sacred and the Profane	122	(14)
Rationalization and Modernization	136	(16)
Early Pre-Modern Societies: Culture	137	(2)
Early Pre-Modern Societies: Structure	139	(3)
Pre-Modern Societies: Culture	142	(1)
Pre-Modern Societies: Structure	143	(1)
Advanced Pre-Modern: Culture	144	(2)
Advanced Pre-Modern: Structure	146	(1)
Modern Societies: Culture	147	(1)
Modern Societies: Structure	148	(4)
Some Consequences of Rationalization and Modernization	152	(6)
Rationalization, Modernization and Drug Consumption	158	(5)
Summary	163	(2)
Chapter 5 The "Why" of Drug Use	165	(38)
The Social Functions of Drug Use	165	(16)
Drugs and Religion	166	(2)
Drugs as a Source of Magic	168	(1)
Drugs to Mark a Rite of Passage	168	(1)
Drugs to Mark Social Boundaries	169	(2)
Drugs to Promote Solidarity	171	(2)
Drugs to Consummate a Social Contract	173	(1)
Drugs to Promote Economic Productivity	174	(2)
Drugs to Promote Efficient Warfare	176	(1)
Drugs as a Social Lubricant	177	(2)
Drugs for Recreation	179	(1)
Drugs as Medicine	179	(2)
Rationalization and Drug Use	181	(4)
The Religious Sub-functions of Drug Use	185	(7)
The Irrationalization of Religious Drug Use	192	(9)
Summary	201	(2)
Chapter 6 Empirical Tests of a Sociological Theory of Drug Use	203	(46)
What is Used	203	(8)
Variety	203	(4)
Drugs in Combination	207	(4)
How Much is Used	211	(21)
Modernization and Drug Use in the Contemporary World	212	(6)
Modernization and Drug Use Rates over Time	218	(6)
Modernization and Increased Formal Restrictions over Use	224	(7)
Illegal Use	231	(1)
Who Uses	232	(14)
Ascribed versus Achieved Status and Drug Use	238	(8)
Summary: The Contradictions of Modernity	246	(3)
Chapter 7 Fluctuations in Rates of Use Over Time	249	(62)
Marginalization of Users and the Rate of Drug Use	249	(10)
Social Mobility and Rates of Drug Use	259	(49)
Empirical Evidence	263	(1)
Social Mobility and Drug Use in the United States	263	(6)
Social Mobility and Drug Use in Britain	269	(16)
Social Mobility: Wave One	271	(4)
Drug Use: Wave Two	275	(2)
Social Mobility: Wave Two	277	(8)
Social Mobility and Drug Use in Japan	285	(14)
A Brief History of Drug Use in Japan	286	(3)
Social Mobility in Japan since World War II	289	(10)
Israel: Social Mobility, Drug Use and the Six-Day War	299	(4)
Drugs and Social Mobility in the Soviet Republics	303	(5)
Conclusion	308	(3)
Chapter 8 Applying the Theory	311	(48)
Theories Explaining Drug Use by Individuals	312	(17)
Attitudinal Theories of Drug Use	312	(3)
Self-degradation/Self-esteem Theory	312	(1)
Self-control Theory	313	(1)
Problem-Behavior Proneness Theory	314	(1)
Behavioral Theories of Drug Use	315	(3)
Differential Association/Social Learning Theory	316	(2)
Summarizing What We Know	318	(2)
Science and Attitudinal Theories of Drug Use	320	(4)
Individualism and Attitudinal Theories of Drug Use	324	(5)
Rationalization, Disenchantment and the Drug Subculture	329	(13)
The Subculture as Religion	334	(5)
The Subculture as a Search for Re-enchantment	339	(3)
The Evolution of the Subculture: The Rationalization of Religion	342	(15)
Summary	357	(2)
Postscript Considering Policy	359	(6)
Bibliography	365	(30)
Index	395