Durability of composites for civil structural applications

by Karbhari, V. M.

• ISBN13: 9780849391095
• ISBN10: 0849391091
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-08-02
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Given the increasing use of fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in structural civil engineering, there is a vital need for critical information related to the overall durability and performance of these new materials under harsh and changing conditions. Durability of composites for civil structural applications provides a thorough overview of key aspects of the durability of FRP composites for designers and practising engineers.

Table of Contents

Contributor contact details	p. xi
Introduction: the use of composites in civil structural applications	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Application in civil infrastructure	p. 2
Durability	p. 3
Myths and mysteries	p. 5
References	p. 10
Aspects of composite durability
Fabrication, quality and service-life issues for composites in civil engineering	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Fabrication processes	p. 16
Quality control during manufacture	p. 25
Exposure environments	p. 26
References	p. 29
Durability of composites in aqueous environments	p. 31
Introduction	p. 31
Influence of moisture at the constituent level	p. 32
Mass uptake profiles	p. 41
Effect of moisture on mechanical and physical properties	p. 50
Synergistic effects of stress and hygrothermal exposure	p. 58
Summary and conclusions	p. 66
References	p. 66
Durability of composites in sub-zero and freeze-thaw conditions	p. 72
Introduction	p. 72
Overall effects	p. 72
Consideration of hygrothermal effects	p. 75
References	p. 77
Durability of composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation	p. 80
Introduction	p. 80
Ultraviolet radiation effects on polymers	p. 80
Ultraviolet radiation effects on fibre-reinforced polymer composites	p. 83
Testing methodologies	p. 89
Mitigation strategies	p. 92
References	p. 94
Durability of composites exposed to elevated temperature and fire	p. 98
Introduction	p. 98
Combustion of polymer composites	p. 99
Fire reaction properties of polymer composites	p. 102
Fire-resistant polymer composites	p. 111
Structural properties of polymer composites in fire	p. 115
Fire protection coatings for polymer composites	p. 118
Fire safety regulations	p. 119
Future fire-resistant composite materials	p. 120
Acknowledgements	p. 121
References	p. 121
Durability of composites under fatigue loads	p. 126
Introduction	p. 126
Fatigue behavior of civil engineering composites	p. 127
Predictive/descriptive modeling of fatigue	p. 136
Reliability-based design for fatigue	p. 142
Conclusions	p. 146
References	p. 147
Creep and time-dependent response of composites	p. 150
Introduction	p. 150
Creep and relaxation	p. 152
Modelling long-term behaviour	p. 155
Accelerated aging	p. 158
Synergistic effects on the time-dependent response	p. 160
Effects at the structural level	p. 163
Future trends	p. 167
References	p. 168
Durability of composites in relation to wear and erosion	p. 170
Introduction	p. 170
Gouging and abrasion wear	p. 172
Erosive wear	p. 180
Conclusions and future trends	p. 183
References	p. 185
Applications and monitoring of composites in civil engineering
Fibre-reinforced polymer composite structures and structural components: current applications and durability issues	p. 189
Introduction	p. 189
'All-composite' structures	p. 192
'All-composite' bridges	p. 196
External strengthening	p. 199
Seismic retrofit	p. 204
Tendons	p. 206
Rebars - exposure to concrete environments	p. 208
Bridge decks	p. 212
Girders and profiles	p. 217
Observations	p. 220
Acknowledgements	p. 222
References	p. 222
Reinforcement of concrete using fiber-reinforced polymer composites	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
Durability concerns	p. 226
Principal environments affecting fiber-reinforced polymer internal reinforcement durability	p. 227
Design and application recommendations	p. 240
Conclusions and future trends	p. 241
References	p. 242
Durability of external fiber-reinforced polymer strengthening systems	p. 247
Introduction	p. 247
Definition and types of environments	p. 248
Retrofit and external strengthening of flexural members	p. 248
Seismic retrofit and external strengthening of columns	p. 256
Design and use recommendations	p. 259
Future trends and research needs for the durability of external fiber-reinforced polymer strengthening systems	p. 274
Sources of further information and advice	p. 276
References	p. 279
Rehabilitation of concrete structures using fibre-reinforced polymer composites: identifying potential defects	p. 284
Introduction	p. 284
Defects in composite materials	p. 286
Defects occurring during rehabilitation	p. 289
Effect of defects	p. 299
Use of non-destructive evaluation/non-destructive testing	p. 302
Future trends	p. 321
References	p. 322
Structural health monitoring and field evaluation of composite durability	p. 324
Introduction	p. 324
The need for structural health monitoring	p. 326
Civionics	p. 328
Field applications and service-life determination	p. 331
Future trends	p. 350
Sources of further information and advice	p. 351
References	p. 351
Index	p. 355
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