Educator's Sourcebook of African American Heritage

by Johnnie H. Miles; Juanita J. Davis; Sharon E. Ferguson-Roberts; Rita G. Giles

• ISBN13: 9780130843647
• ISBN10: 0130843644
• Format: Spiral Bound
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: Jossey-Bass

Summary

This important new reference and resource is brimming with stimulating information about the history, culture, and accomplishements of African Americans from the Middle Passage through Slavery and Reconstruction, to the Civil Rights Movement and today. These lists give you an ideal way to build your students2 knowledge and appreciation of African American culture and the important contributions African Americans have made to virtually every aspect of living in the United States. All of this valuable material is printed in a big 8-1/4" x 11" spiral-bound format that folds flat for easy photocopying of any list as many times as you need it.

Author Biography

Johnnie H. Miles, Ed.D., former associated professor of Counselor Education, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, is president and owner of JH Miles and Associates, a consulting and training firm in Fairfax, Virginia.

Table of Contents

About This Book	vi
SECTION 1 HISTORY OF AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES	1	(48)
African Americans in the United States
Coming to the Shores of the Americas (1400-1700)	4	(1)
Resistance and Servitude: Two Worlds Clash (1700-1800)	5	(1)
War, Freedom, and Institutional Oppression (1800-1900)	6	(1)
African American Leaders in the Forefront (1900-1950)	7	(2)
Nonviolence to Activism (1950-2000)	9	(3)
Economics of Slavery
The Middle Passage	12	(2)
Slave Ships	14	(1)
Names of Selected Slave Ships	14	(1)
Economics of the Slave Trade	15	(2)
Slavery in the United States
Recognition and Abolition of Slavery in Original Colonies	17	(1)
States in Rebellion Against the United States in 1863	17	(1)
Plantation Life
Life on the Plantation	18	(1)
Work	18	(1)
Housing	19	(1)
Food	20	(1)
Day-to-Day Life on the Plantation	21	(1)
Punishment	22	(1)
The Slave Market	23	(1)
Resistance to Slavery
Slave Resistance and Revolts	24	(1)
Escape to Freedom---The Underground Railroad (1780s--1860s)	25	(1)
Routes	26	(1)
Selected Underground Conductors	26	(1)
Abolitionists	27	(3)
The Courts and Slavery
Legislation and Slavery (1600-1863)	30	(1)
Legislation and the Reconstruction Era (1865-1877)	31	(1)
Legislation and Segregation of African Americans (1877-1953)	32	(1)
Violence Against African Americans
Recorded Lynchings (1882-1969)	33	(1)
Fight for Freedom
The Civil Rights Movement in Review (1600s-1999)	34	(3)
Nonviolent Resistance to Segregation	37	(3)
Civil Rights Organizations	40	(1)
Civil Rights Leaders	41	(4)
Spotlight: Martin Luther King, Jr.	45	(1)
Spotlight: Dorothy Irene Height	46	(1)
African American Demographics
African Americans in U.S. Population (1870-1990)	47	(1)
States with Largest African American Populations	48	(1)
SECTION 2 CULTURAL TRADITIONS	49	(36)
Families
Family Demographics	53	(1)
Family Structures	53	(1)
Family Life	54	(1)
Superstitions
Bad Luck	55	(1)
Good Fortune	55	(1)
Language
Proverbs in African American Culture	56	(1)
Languages of Black Races (Native and Foreign)	57	(1)
Styles of Languages	57	(1)
Slang in the 1990s	58	(2)
Celebrations and Holidays
Church-Related Celebrations	60	(1)
African American Celebrations/Holidays	60	(1)
African American Festivals	61	(1)
Funeral Practices
Funeral Rituals	62	(1)
Funeral Customs of Specific Regions (Past and Present)	62	(1)
Burials	62	(1)
Locations of Cemeteries	63	(1)
Selected Historic Cemeteries	63	(1)
Music
Freedom Songs	64	(2)
Styles of Music	66	(1)
Alternative Instruments	66	(1)
Dance
Popular Dances	67	(1)
Slave Dances	67	(1)
Traditional African Dances	67	(1)
Fashion
Fashion Status	68	(1)
Purpose of Dressing	68	(1)
Textures and Types of Materials	69	(1)
Styles of Dressing	69	(1)
Hair Fashions	69	(1)
Finishing Touches for the Hair	70	(1)
Fashions and Church	70	(1)
Fashion Designers	71	(1)
Fashion Models	72	(1)
Spotlight: FUBU	73	(1)
Social and Civic Organizations
Sororities	74	(1)
Fraternities	74	(1)
Children's Games
Games	75	(1)
Storytelling
Animal Tales and Fables	75	(1)
History Remembered Stories	76	(1)
Tales of Ghosts and Witches	76	(1)
Humorous Tales and Anecdotes	76	(1)
Raps, Rhythms, and Rhymes	77	(1)
Sermons	77	(1)
Food and African American Culture
Desserts	77	(1)
Meats and Main Dishes	78	(1)
Vegetables	78	(1)
Side Dishes	78	(1)
Spotlight: MS. B. Smith	79	(1)
Names and Titles Used to Describe African Americans
Names and Titles	79	(1)
African American or Afrocentric Collectibles
Deciphering Quality of Collectibles	80	(1)
Where to Look for Collectibles	80	(1)
Selected Categories of Collectibles	80	(2)
Miss Black America (1969-1996)
The Winners	82	(1)
Miss America
The African American Winners	83	(2)
SECTION 3 EDUCATION	85	(30)
Firsts in Education
Firsts in Education	88	(1)
Noted Educators
Noted Educators	89	(4)
Spotlight: Booker T. Washington	93	(1)
Civil Rights and Desegregation Developments
Chronology of Major Desegregation Developments	94	(1)
Key Dates in African American Education	95	(1)
Civil Rights and Desegregation Policies	96	(1)
Prominent U.S. Supreme Court Cases	97	(1)
Resistance Efforts to Desegregation	98	(1)
Special Emphasis Programs
Special Emphasis Programs	99	(1)
Youth Organizations
Youth Organizations	99	(1)
Rhodes Scholars
Rhodes Scholars (1997-1999)	100	(1)
Education Websites
Websites	100	(1)
Teacher Education Programs
Teacher Education Programs	100	(1)
First Doctoral Degrees Conferred
First Recipients	101	(2)
Colleges and Universities
Historically Black Colleges and Universities	103	(5)
First Presidents of Colleges and Universities	108	(1)
Top Fifty Colleges for African Americans	109	(2)
Ten Richest African American Institutions	111	(1)
Scholarships	111	(1)
Publications (A Selected List)
Associations, Professional, and Collegiate	112	(1)
Magazines (with a circulation of more than 100,000)	113	(1)
Organizations That Promote African American Education
Organizations	114	(1)
SECTION 4 RELIGION	115	(40)
The Organized African American Church
The Early Church	118	(1)
Antebellum	119	(1)
Growth Between 1860-1900	120	(1)
Twentieth Century	121	(1)
Pioneers in Religion
African American Firsts in Religion	122	(2)
African American Women in Religion	124	(1)
Denominational Traditions and Rituals
Baptist	125	(1)
Catholic	126	(1)
Episcopal	127	(1)
Holiness/Pentecostal	128	(2)
Jehovah's Witness	130	(1)
Methodist	131	(1)
Nation of Islam and Black Muslims	132	(2)
Unconventional Religious Organizations	134	(1)
Religious Conferences and Conventions
Denomination: Baptist	135	(1)
Denomination: Catholic	135	(1)
Denomination: Methodist	135	(1)
Educational Institutions
Church-Affiliated Colleges and Universities	136	(2)
African American Seminaries	138	(1)
Bible Colleges	138	(1)
Ministerial Titles	139	(1)
Ministerial Degrees	140	(1)
Preaching Styles
Preaching Styles	141	(1)
Music in the African American Church
Musical Traditions	142	(1)
Gospel Performers of the Twentieth Century	143	(1)
Contemporary Gospel Singers and Groups	144	(1)
Music Resources	144	(1)
Religious Organizations
Councils	145	(1)
Nondenominational Organizations	145	(1)
Service Agencies and Organizations	145	(1)
Ministerial Leadership
Ministers Who Became Civil Rights Leaders	146	(1)
Ministers Elected to National Political Office	147	(1)
Prominent Religious Leaders	148	(1)
Bishops and Archbishops	149	(1)
Spotlight: Johnnie Colemon Nedd	150	(1)
Spotlight: Peter John Gomes	151	(1)
Acronyms and Glossary
Acronyms	152	(1)
Glossary	153	(2)
SECTION 5 MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY	155	(30)
Firsts in Science
Firsts in Medicine, Science, and Technology	158	(1)
Firsts in Nursing	159	(1)
Innovative Contributions
Inventions in Science, Medicine, and Technology	160	(2)
Contemporary Inventions (1950-Present)	162	(2)
Research Contributions	164	(1)
Spotlight: Mae C. Jemison	165	(1)
Contributions to Aerospace	166	(1)
Key Dates
Science, Medicine, and Technology (1966-Present)	166	(1)
Years of Birth of African American Scientists (1900-1956)	167	(2)
Health Issues
Children's Health Issues	169	(1)
Black Infant Mortality	170	(1)
Warning Signs of Drug Use in Children	170	(1)
Women's Health Issues	171	(1)
Men's Health Issues	172	(1)
Elderly Health Issues	173	(1)
Screening Tests for African Americans	174	(1)
Research
Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment (1932-1972)	174	(1)
Spotlight: Dr. Benjamin Carson	175	(1)
Spotlight: Dr. Charles R. Drew	176	(1)
Folk Medicine and Healers
Folk Medicines	177	(1)
Folk Practitioners and Traditional Healers	177	(1)
Faith and Spiritual Healing Practices	177	(1)
Home Remedies	178	(1)
Folk Practices for Various Ailments	178	(1)
Organizations and Associations
Medicine, Science, and Research	179	(1)
Science and Technology	180	(1)
Medical and Health Websites
Medical and Health Websites	180	(2)
African American Hospitals
African American Hospitals	182	(1)
Historical Sites
Historical Sites	183	(1)
Literature
Science Books for Children and Young Adults	184	(1)
SECTION 6 BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY	185	(26)
African Americans in Business and Industry
Firsts in Business and Industry	189	(2)
Largest Industrial/Service Companies	191	(1)
Young Entrepreneurs	192	(1)
African American Business Schools	192	(1)
Businesses
Construction/Manufacturing	193	(1)
Cosmetics and Hair Care	193	(1)
Educational Products and Services	194	(1)
Engineering	194	(1)
Entertainment	195	(2)
Ethnic Collectibles	197	(1)
Food Industry	197	(1)
Graphic Design	198	(1)
Health and Nutrition	198	(1)
Information Technology	198	(1)
Investment Firms	199	(1)
Marketing and Advertising	199	(1)
Publishing	199	(1)
Telecommunication	200	(1)
Web Development	200	(1)
Financial Companies
African American Financial Companies	201	(1)
Insurance Companies
African American Insurance Companies	202	(1)
Industrial/Service Companies
African American Industrial/Service Companies	202	(2)
Auto Dealers
African American Auto Dealers	204	(1)
Spotlights
Spotlight: Warren Thompson	205	(1)
Spotlight: Robert Johnson	206	(1)
Spotlight: Madam C. J. Walker	207	(2)
Spotlight: Arthur George (A.G.) Gaston	209	(2)
SECTION 7 LAW AND GOVERNMENT	211	(34)
Firsts in Law and Government
Firsts in Law and Government	214	(3)
Notable Personalities
Past and Present Notable Personalities	217	(3)
Reconstruction
African Americans in Politics During Reconstruction (1865-1877)	220	(1)
Voting Rights Legislation
Voting Rights Legislation (1865-1993)	221	(1)
Judiciary System
Chronology of Cases, Laws, and Legal Decisions	222	(2)
Supreme Court Justices	224	(1)
Spotlight: Thurgood Marshall	224	(2)
Federal Judges	226	(4)
Government Leaders
Governors	230	(1)
Senators	230	(1)
Presidential Cabinet Members	231	(1)
Ambassadors	231	(3)
Members of Congress (1870-1999)	234	(3)
Spotlight: Barbara Jordan	237	(1)
Mayors
Mayors Representing Major Cities	238	(1)
Women Mayors	238	(1)
Presidential Medal-of-Freedom Honorees
Presidential Medal-of-Freedom Honorees	239	(1)
President and Vice President Candidates/Nominees
Presidential Candidates/Nominees	240	(1)
Vice Presidential Candidates/Nominees	240	(1)
Attorneys and Lawyers
Pioneering Attorneys	240	(1)
Outstanding Lawyers	241	(2)
Police Chiefs
Police Chiefs of Major Cities	243	(1)
Organizations
Organizations	243	(2)
SECTION 8 ARTS, LETTERS, AND MEDIA	245	(58)
Firsts in Arts, Letters, and Media
Firsts in Arts, Letters, and Media	249	(3)
Art and Artists
Painting, Drawing, Printmaking	252	(2)
Photography	254	(1)
Sculpture, Installation, Performance Art	255	(1)
Self-Taught Artists	256	(1)
Spiral Group	256	(1)
Harlem Renaissance, 1920s-1940	257	(1)
Expressionist Painters	257	(1)
Some African American Artists and Their Artworks	257	(4)
African American Art Collections	261	(1)
Music
Popular Singers	262	(3)
Performing Groups: The Famous and the Obscure	265	(1)
Instrumentalists, Band Leaders, Composers	265	(4)
Choreographers and Dancers	269	(1)
Opera Singers	270	(2)
Classical Instrumentalists, Conductors, and Composers	272	(3)
Literature
Poets	275	(2)
Playwrights	277	(1)
Fiction Writers	278	(3)
Books Written By or About African Americans	281	(4)
Children and Young Adult Literature	285	(1)
Radio and Television
Chronology of Early African American Radio	286	(1)
Radio Pioneers	286	(2)
Spotlight: Ed Bradley	288	(1)
Spotlight: Bryant Gumbel	289	(1)
Plays and Movies
Broadway Plays with African American Themes	290	(1)
Movies with African American Themes	290	(1)
Filmmakers	291	(1)
Actors and Actresses
TV and Film Appearances	291	(3)
Academy Award® and Emmy® Nominations and Recipients	294	(1)
TV Series	295	(1)
TV Movies, Mini-Series, and Specials	296	(1)
Documentary Videos and Films	297	(1)
Spotlights
Spotlight: Oprah Winfrey	297	(2)
Spotlight: Spike Lee	299	(1)
Spotlight: Queen Latifah	300	(1)
Performing Arts Organizations and Facilities
Performing Arts Organizations and Facilities	301	(1)
Trade Publications and Resource Guides
Trade Publications and Resource Guides	302	(1)
SECTION 9 SPORTS	303	(36)
African Americans in Sports
Firsts in Sports	306	(5)
Notable Athletes	311	(3)
Football
Heisman Trophy Winners	314	(1)
Notable Football College Coaches	314	(1)
All-Time National Football League Leaders	315	(1)
Spotlight: Deion Sanders	316	(1)
The Kentucky Derby
Winners of Kentucky Derby	316	(1)
Spotlight: Isaac Murphy	317	(1)
Boxing
Notable Boxers	318	(1)
Spotlight: Muhammad Ali	319	(1)
Baseball
Negro Leagues	320	(3)
Highest Paid African Americans in Major League Baseball	323	(1)
Major League Leaders	323	(1)
Basketball
Top Ten Earners in NBA (1997-1998)	324	(1)
All-Time National Basketball Association Leaders	324	(1)
All-Time Top Scorers in NBA-ABA	324	(1)
NBA's Greatest African American Players	325	(1)
NBA Finals Most Valuable Players	326	(1)
Spotlight: Michael Jordan	327	(1)
Track and Field
Track and Field Olympic Champions (Gold Medalists)	328	(2)
Outstanding Performers in Track and Field	330	(1)
Spotlight: Florence Griffith-Joyner	330	(1)
Four-Minute Milers	331	(1)
Notable Track Coaches	331	(1)
Olympic Weightlifting Champions	332	(1)
Powerlifting Champions	333	(1)
Bodybuilding Champions (Male and Female)	333	(1)
Spotlights
Spotlight: Tiger Woods	334	(2)
Spotlight: Marshall W. ``Major'' Taylor	336	(1)
Spotlight: Venus & Serena Williams	337	(1)
Spotlight: Dominique Dawes	337	(1)
Sports on Film
Sports on Film	338	(1)
SECTION 10 THE MILITARY	339	(36)
Military History
Chronology of Military History	342	(4)
In Battle
First African Americans to Participate in Battles	346	(2)
Women in the Military
First African American Women in the Military	348	(1)
Nurses in World War I	349	(1)
Specific Military Branches
Firsts in Specific Military Branches	349	(3)
Medal-of-Honor Recipients
Soldiers	352	(3)
Buffalo Soldiers	355	(2)
Military Officers
U.S. Air Force Flag and General Officers	357	(1)
Army Officers-Nonactive Duty	358	(3)
Navy and Marine Corps Flag and General Officers	361	(1)
Navy Captains	361	(1)
National Guard Generals	362	(1)
Air National Guard General Officers	363	(1)
Army and Air Force Reserves General Officers	363	(1)
Active Duty Generals and Admirals in All Branches	364	(3)
Spotlights
Spotlight: Colin Powell	367	(1)
Spotlight: Clara L. Adams-Ender	368	(1)
Military Vessels
Military Vessels Named for African American Individuals or Institutions	369	(1)
Military Films
Soldiers in Films, Documentaries, and Semi-Documentaries	369	(1)
Feature Films	370	(1)
Veterans' Organizations
Veterans' Organizations	371	(1)
Military Publications
Books	372	(1)
Periodicals	373	(2)
SECTION 11 MISCELLANEA	375	(26)
The Western Frontier
Trailblazers of the American West	378	(1)
Cowboys and Pioneers	379	(3)
Rodeo Facts	382	(1)
Landmarks
African American Landmarks	382	(7)
Postage Stamps Honoring African Americans
Persons	389	(1)
Events	390	(1)
Groups	390	(1)
Internet Sites
African American Internet Sites	391	(2)
Spingarn Medals
Spingarn Medal Recipients	393	(3)
Little-Known Facts
Little-Known Facts	396	(1)
Organizations That Hate
Organizations That Hate	397	(1)
Newspapers
African American Newspapers	398	(2)
Kwanzaa
The Holiday of Kwanzaa	400	(1)
Selected Bibliography	401