Electronic Processes in Non-Crystalline Materials

by Mott, Nevill Francis

• ISBN13: 9780199645336
• ISBN10: 0199645337
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2012-03-24
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Since the first edition of this highly successful book the field saw many great developments both in experimental and theoretical studies of electrical properties of non-crystalline solids. It became necessary to rewrite nearly the whole book, while the aims of the second edition remained the same: to set out the theoretical concepts, to test them by comparison with experiment for a wide variety of phenomena, and to apply them to non-crystalline materials. Sir Nevill Mott shared the1977 Nobel Prize for Physics, awarded for his research work in this field. The reissue of this book as part of the Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences is a reprint of the second edition which was published in 1979.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
Theory of Electrons in a Non-Crystalline Medium	p. 7
Introduction	p. 7
The Kubo-Greenwood formula	p. 11
Anderson localization	p. 15
Situation in which states are localized in one range of energies and not localized in another	p. 22
Photon-activated hopping; the ai2 law	p. 27
The minimum metallic conductivity	p. 28
Hopping and variable-range hopping	p. 32
The Anderson transition	p. 37
Mobility and percolation edges	p. 39
Conductors, insulators, and semiconductors	p. 42
Semimetals and pseudogaps	p. 50
Some calculations of the density of states	p. 51
Thermopower	p. 52
Hall effect	p. 56
Hopping conduction for alternating currents?	p. 59
One-dimensional problems	p. 62
Phonons and Polarons	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Distortion round a trapped electron	p. 66
Dielectric and acoustic polarons	p. 69
Rate of loss of energy by free carriers	p. 73
Transitions between localized states	p. 75
Introduction	p. 75
Single-phonon hopping processes	p. 76
Multiphonon processes	p. 78
Motion of a polaron in a crystal	p. 89
Trapped and localized polarons	p. 90
Thermopower due to polarons	p. 91
Hall effect due to polarons and other forms of hopping	p. 92
Examples of hopping polarons	p. 93
Degenerate gas of polarons	p. 94
Charge transport in strong fields	p. 95
The Fermi Glass and the Anderson Transition	p. 98
Introduction	p. 98
Metal-insulator transitions in crystals	p. 101
Band-crossing transitions	p. 101
Hubbard bands and the Mott transition	p. 104
Wigner crystallization	p. 109
Effect of disorder on Mott transitions	p. 109
Effect of correlation and distortion on Anderson transitions	p. 110
Doped semiconductors	p. 111
Impurity conduction; direct current	p. 111
Impurity conduction; alternating currents	p. 117
Metal-insulator transitions in doped semiconductors	p. 119
Metal-insulator transitions in metal-rare-gas systems	p. 126
Metal-insulator transitions in compensated semiconductors	p. 127
Anderson transition in a pseudogap; magnesium-bismuth alloys	p. 130
Anderson transition of type II; Amorphous films of Fe-Ge	p. 132
Two-dimensional conduction in an inversion layer	p. 135
Fermi glasses where lattice distortion is important	p. 139
Impurity conduction in nickel oxide	p. 140
Conduction in glasses containing transition-metal ions	p. 142
Lanthanium strontium vanadate (La1-xSrxVO3)	p. 144
Pyrolytic carbons	p. 145
Cerium sulphide	p. 146
Metal-insulator transitions in tungsten bronzes	p. 148
Vanadium monoxide (VOx)	p. 150
Impurity conduction in magnetic semiconductors	p. 152
Granular metal films	p. 157
Polycrystalline aggregates	p. 160
Liquid Metals and Semimetals	p. 161
Introduction	p. 161
Scattering of electrons by a random distribution of centres; degenerate semiconductors	p. 163
Resistivity of liquid metals; Ziman's theory	p. 165
Resistivity of liquid alloys	p. 170
Thermoelectric power of liquid metals	p. 172
Hall effect in liquid metals	p. 172
Density of states	p. 173
Change of Knight shift on melting	p. 174
X-ray emission spectra and photoemission	p. 175
Liquid transition and rare-earth metals	p. 176
Amorphous metals and grain boundaries	p. 177
Injected electrons in liquid rare gases	p. 179
Liquid semimetals and semiconductors	p. 181
Liquid systems in which the depth of the pseudogap changes with volume	p. 185
Mercury	p. 185
Caesium	p. 189
Liquid alloys with pseudogaps in which the composition is varied	p. 190
Liquid systems in which the depth of the pseudogap changes with temperature	p. 194
Tellurium	p. 194
Some liquid alloys of tellurium	p. 197
Non-Crystalline Semiconductors	p. 199
Introduction	p. 199
Preparation and classification of materials	p. 200
Methods of determining structure	p. 204
Electrical properties of non-crystalline semiconductors	p. 209
Density of states	p. 210
The mobility edge	p. 215
Temperature dependence of the d.c. conductivity	p. 219
Behaviour in the liquid state	p. 222
a.c. conductivity	p. 223
Thermopower	p. 235
Hall effect	p. 240
Magnetoresistance	p. 242
Field effect	p. 243
Drift mobility and photoconduction	p. 247
Drift mobility	p. 247
Photoconductivity	p. 254
Quantum efficiency	p. 265
Conduction at a mobility edge versus hopping	p. 270
Optical absorption	p. 272
Absorption edges and Urbach's rule	p. 273
Effect of externally applied fields	p. 285
Interband absorption	p. 287
Absorption at high energies	p. 293
Intraband absorption	p. 297
Photoluminescence	p. 300
Vibrational spectra. Density of phonon modes	p. 301
Other measurements	p. 305
Specific heat and thermal conductivity	p. 305
Photoemission and density of states	p. 310
Electron spin resonance	p. 314
Tetrahedrally-Bonded Semiconductors-Amorphous Germanium and Silicon	p. 320
Methods of preparation	p. 320
Structure of amorphous Ge and Si	p. 322
Voids, impurities and other defects in amorphous Ge and Si	p. 333
Electrical properties of amorphous germanium	p. 345
Electrical properties of amorphous silicon	p. 362
Optical properties of amorphous germanium	p. 375
Optical properties of amorphous silicon	p. 384
Density of states in the valence and conduction bands of amorphous germanium and silicon	p. 396
Arsenic and other Three-Fold Co-Ordinated Materials	p. 408
Introduction	p. 408
Forms and preparation of arsenic	p. 408
Structure of amorphous arsenic	p. 410
Electrical properties of amorphous arsenic	p. 419
Optical properties of amorphous arsenic and the density of states in the bands.	p. 426
States in the gap of amorphous arsenic	p. 434
Amorphous antimony, phosphorus, and related materials	p. 439
Chalcogenide and Other Glasses	p. 442
Introduction	p. 442
Structure	p. 445
Electrical properties of chalcogenide glasses	p. 452
Introduction	p. 452
d.c. conductivity	p. 457
Thermopower	p. 458
Hall effect	p. 459
States in the gap	p. 460
Introduction	p. 460
Screening length	p. 468
Field effect	p. 469
Drift mobility	p. 470
Luminescence	p. 474
Photoconductivity	p. 483
Effect of alloying on the dark current	p. 484
Numerical values in the model of charged dangling bonds	p. 488
Charge transport in strong fields	p. 490
Density of electron states in conduction and valence bands	p. 491
Optical properties	p. 497
Switching in alloy glasses	p. 507
Oxide glasses	p. 512
Selenium, Tellurium, and their Alloys	p. 517
Structure of amorphous selenium and tellurium	p. 517
Optical properties of amorphous selenium and tellurium	p. 521
Electrical properties of amorphous selenium	p. 530
Electrical conductivity	p. 530
Drift mobilities	p. 534
Carrier lifetimes and ranges	p. 539
Photogeneration in amorphous Se; xerography	p. 540
Some properties of liquid selenium and Se-Te alloys	p. 543
References	p. 548
Index	p. 583
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