The Elements of Hittite

by Theo van den Hout

• ISBN13: 9780521115643
• ISBN10: 0521115647
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-12-30
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Hittite is one of the earliest attested Indo-European languages and was the language of a state which flourished in Asia Minor particularly in the second millennium BC. This exciting and accessible new introductory course, which can be used in both trimester and semester systems, offers in ten lessons a comprehensive introduction to the grammar of the Hittite language with ample exercises both in transliteration and in cuneiform. It includes a separate section of paradigms, an index of syntactic and semantic topics, as well as a list of every cuneiform sign used in the book. A full glossary can be found at the back. The book has been designed so that the cuneiform is not essential and can be left out of any course if so desired. The introduction provides the necessary cultural and historical background, with suggestions for further reading, and explains the principles of the cuneiform writing system.

Author Biography

Theo Van Den Hout is Professor of Hittite and Anatolian Languages at the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, and editor-in-chief of the Chicago Hittite Dictionary (CHD) since 2000. Besides his work on the dictionary, his current personal interests focus on ancient record management and literacy in Hittite society. He has over twenty years of experience teaching Hittite and other Anatolian languages at the universities of Amsterdam and Chicago.

Table of Contents

List of illustrations	p. ix
Preface	p. xi
Abbreviations	p. xiv
Map	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
	p. 16
Case endings of noun and adjective; a-stems	p. 16
Pronoun generalities: personal pronoun first person; enclitic personal pronoun	p. 18
Verb generalities: person, number, voice, tense, mode, aspect; conjugations; present active indicative; verbs with unchanging stem	p. 20
Syntax: case functions; connectives nu, ¿u, ta; conjunction ûa/-ya; sentence particles; future; article	p. 23
Phonology: dentals *-TT- > -TsT-; vowels; plene spellings; bound transcription	p. 26
Sumerian and Akkadian: Sumerian plural; genitival relations; Akkadian prepositions	p. 28
Cuneiform signs: a e i u ú a¿ pát/BE nu hal tar an/DINGIR, determinatives: m LÚ f/MUNUS d KUR URU É	p. 29
Exercises; KBo 3.4 i 1-7	p. 30
	p. 35
i-stem nouns and adjectives	p. 35
Third person enclitic pronoun	p. 37
Preterite indicative active	p. 37
Syntax and word formation: subject clitic -a¿ and transitive verbs; -nu- and -ahh- causatives, -e¿¿- fientives and statives; verbal tense system; clitic conjunctions -ma- and -a-; stem forms of names	p. 39
Phonology: -aya- > -a-, sonorants, and glides	p. 40
Akkadian: noun cases masculine	p. 41
Cuneiform signs: ka/qa pár/ma¿ iz/Gi¿ pa/hat ti en/EN na ARAD/¿ ni D¿ir, determinatives: HUR.SAG ¿ P¿GI¿ NA4 URUDU DUG	p. 41
Exercises; KBo 3.4 i 8-18	p. 42
	p. 46
u-stem nouns and adjectives	p. 46
Second person personal pronoun: free-standing personal pronoun; enclitic pronoun	p. 48
Present and preterite indicative medio-passive	p. 48
Syntax and semantics: particles -za, -wa(r-); slots in the clitic chain; particle -pat; neuter plural subject = singular verb	p. 51
Phonology: -uw- > -urn-, -wu- > -mu-	p. 53
Akkadian: noun cases feminine	p. 54
Cuneiform signs: LÚ ¿E¿ LUGAL up p¿A¿ GU4 ga DUG ¿a ta ap at la, determinatives: T¿ S¿ GADA KU¿ IM	p. 54
Exercises; KBo 3.4 i 16-35	p. 54
	p. 60
ai- and au-noun diphthong stems	p. 60
Demonstrative pronoun ka-; tamai-	p. 61
Ablauting verbs Ib (type epp-/app-)	p. 62
Syntax: e¿-/a¿- "to be"; nominal sentences; possessive constructions	p. 63
Phonology: double vs. single writing of consonants (Sturtevant's Law)	p. 64
Akkadian: status constructus	p. 65
Cuneiform signs: am ne e kal/dan un/UN ma ku ba URU i ia, determinatives: NINDA URU TU7 U GI	p. 65
Exercises; KBo 3.4 i 36-ii 6	p. 66
	p. 72
-nt- and -t- noun stems	p. 72
Demonstrative pronoun apa-	p. 74
Thematic verb stems Ic, including -¿ke-imperfectives; participles	p. 74
Semantics: -¿ke-imperfectives	p. 77
Phonology: -¿ke-imperfectives	p. 78
Akkadian: possessive suffixes	p. 78
Cuneiform signs: GAM tén hi im e¿ ¿e pu zi uz ah/eh/ih/uh har/ hur/mur, determinatives: SAR KAM MU¿EN KI	p. 79
Exercises; KBo 3.4 ii 7-32	p. 79
	p. 85
n-stem nouns	p. 85
Relative and interrogative pronoun kui-	p. 86
Ablauting verbs: Id (type huek-/huk-) and Ie (type link-/lik-); If (har-/hark- "to have, hold"), and hark- "to perish"	p. 87
Syntax and semantics: relative clauses; periphrastic perfect	p. 89
Phonology: nasals	p. 90
Akkadian: some verb forms	p. 91
Cuneiform signs: tu te li in ¿ar me ME¿ a za ha	p. 91
Exercises; KBo 3.4 ii 33-56	p. 91
	p. 97
-r-/-n- or heteroclitic noun stems	p. 97
Indefinite pronoun kui¿ki	p. 99
Ablauting verbs: IIb (type ¿akk-/¿ekk-); Ig (type tama¿ ¿-/tame¿¿-); infinitive II	p. 100
Syntax and semantics: conditional clauses and indefinite pronouns; relative pronouns; modal particle (-)man (optative, irrealis, potentialis)	p. 101
Phonology:
Numerals: 1,2,3	p. 104
Cuneiform signs: i¿ u¿ du da it hu ri ar kán 1 2 3	p. 105
Exercises; KBo 3.4 ii 57-78	p. 105
	p. 110
r-and l-stem nouns	p. 110
Distributive pronoun kui¿¿a	p. 111
Half-consonantal verb stems: lie (type i¿sa-/e¿¿a-); Ih (pai-) and Ii (uwa-); imperative active and medio-passive	p. 112
Syntax and semantics: prefixes u- and pe-; phraseological construction; prohibitive; indefinite kui¿-a¿ imma kui¿	p. 115
Phonology: abl. -z and particle -za + conjunction ûa/-ya	p. 117
Numerals: 4-10	p. 117
Cuneiform signs: ra al ka ¿i wa ul kum ru ut di ki 45 6 7 8 9 10	p. 118
Exercises; KBo 3.4 iii 10-38	p. 118
	p. 124
s-stem nouns	p. 124
Suffixed possessive pronoun	p. 124
Verb class IId (pai-, dai-, nai-), IIe (mema-); Ij (te-/tar-), IIIa (au¿-/au-/u-); supinum	p. 126
Syntax and semantics: supinum; ergative in -ant-	p. 129
Numerals: higher than 10	p. 130
Cuneiform signs: mu mi lum lam dam ¿u ik/G¿L ak ¿ir lU/UDU kat mar az/uk hé zé	p. 131
Exercises; KBo 3.4 iii 39-72	p. 131
	p. 136
Irregular nouns ker, per, utne	p. 136
Demonstrative and anaphoric pronoun a¿i	p. 136
Verb class IIf (type da-); infinitive I, verbal noun; infinite verb	p. 137
Syntax and semantics: verbal noun; genitivus quasi gerundivalis; infinitives; similes; comparative and superlative; adverbs in -ili; local or dimensional adverbs	p. 139
Cuneiform signs: rad gi nam pal/BAL li¿ t¿¿ ib ur gur zu ki¿	p. 146
Exercises; KBo 3.4 iii 73-95, iv 22-48	p. 146
Paradigms	p. 152
Sources of exercise material	p. 177
Grammatical index	p. 179
Cuneiform sign list	p. 183
Glossary	p. 189
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