Elementary Grammar | |
Introduction-The Old English Language | p. 1 |
Pronunciation | p. 4 |
Masculine a-Declension | p. 19 |
Neuter a-Declension; Verbal Endings | p. 23 |
Feminine o-Declension; Verbal Endings | p. 26 |
n-Stems; beon | p. 29 |
Third Personal Pronoun; Verbal Endings | p. 32 |
Declension of Adjectives | p. 35 |
Change of a to ae and o; [characters not reproducible]es | p. 39 |
Breaking; ic and [flat]u | p. 43 |
Diphthongization by Initial Palatals; hwa, hwaet | p. 46 |
Strong Verbs: Classes I and II | p. 49 |
Strong Verbs: Class III | p. 52 |
Strong Verbs: Classes IV and V | p. 55 |
Strong Verbs: Classes VI and VII | p. 58 |
Gemination and i-, j-Umlaut | p. 62 |
Syncopated Forms of Strong Verbs; Comparison | p. 67 |
u-, o-, a- Umlaut; Weak Verbs: Class I | p. 72 |
Weak Verbs: Class I | p. 77 |
Strong Verbs with j Presents; Numerals | p. 82 |
Weak Verbs: Classes II and III | p. 86 |
Anomalous Verbs; u-Declension | p. 89 |
Minor Noun Declensions | p. 94 |
Preteritive-Present Verbs | p. 97 |
Contract Verbs; Review of Sound Changes | p. 102 |
Reference Grammar | |
Phonology (201-273) | p. 113 |
Indo-European Sounds in Germanic (201) | p. 114 |
Vowels (201) | p. 114 |
Consonants (205) | p. 115 |
Grimm's Law (205) | p. 115 |
Verner's Law, Grammatical Change (207) | p. 117 |
Primitive Germanic Vowel Changes (211) | p. 118 |
Germanic Vowels in West Germanic (217) | p. 120 |
Germanic Consonants in West Germanic (220) | p. 120 |
Gemination (221) | p. 121 |
West Germanic Sounds in Old English (224) | p. 121 |
Vowels and Diphthongs (224) | p. 121 |
Consonants (235) | p. 124 |
Prehistoric Old English Changes (241) | p. 125 |
Early Consonant Changes (242) | p. 125 |
Vowel Changes (248-260) | p. 127 |
Breaking (248) | p. 127 |
Diphthongization by Initial Palatals (250) | p. 128 |
i-, i-, j-Umlaut (251) | p. 128 |
u-, o-, a-Umlaut (252) | p. 130 |
Unaccented Vowels (253) | p. 131 |
Syncopation (258) | p. 132 |
Consonant Changes (261) | p. 133 |
f, [flat], s (261) | p. 133 |
h (262) | p. 133 |
Late Old English Changes (264) | p. 134 |
Vowels and Diphthongs (265) | p. 135 |
Consonants (273) | p. 136 |
Morphology (301-446) | p. 137 |
Declensions (301-374) | p. 137 |
Nouns (307-339) | p. 139 |
Masculine a-Stems, stan, daeg (307) | p. 139 |
Neuter a-Stems, lim, ban, (309) | p. 140 |
ja-Stems (311) | p. 141 |
wa-Stems (313) | p. 142 |
Feminine o-Stems, giefu, lar (315) | p. 143 |
jo-Stems (317) | p. 144 |
wo-Stems (319) | p. 145 |
Stems in -i[flat]o, streng[flat]u (321) | p. 145 |
Stems in -in, braedu (322) | p. 146 |
Stems in -ingo, -ungo, leornung (323) | p. 146 |
i-Stems, wine, giest, cwen (324) | p. 147 |
u-Stems, sunu, duru (328) | p. 148 |
n-Stems, hunta, tunge, eage (331) | p. 149 |
iz-, az-Stems, lamb (334) | p. 150 |
r-Stems, faeder (335) | p. 151 |
[flat]-Stems, haele[flat] (336) | p. 151 |
Root Consonant Stems, mann (337) | p. 152 |
nd-Stems, freond, hettend (339) | p. 153 |
Pronouns (340-350) | p. 153 |
Personal, ic, [flat]u, he (340-342) | p. 153 |
Reflexive (343) | p. 154 |
Possessive (344) | p. 154 |
Demonstrative, se, [flat]es (345) | p. 155 |
Relative (347) | p. 155 |
Interrogative hwa, hwaet (348) | p. 156 |
Indefinite (349) | p. 156 |
Adjectives (351-369) | p. 157 |
Strong, sum, god (352) | p. 158 |
Polysyllabic, manig, halig (355) | p. 159 |
ja-, jo-Stems, midd, grene (356) | p. 159 |
wa-, wo-Stems, gearu (358) | p. 160 |
i-Stems (359) | p. 160 |
u-Stems (360) | p. 161 |
Participles (361) | p. 161 |
Weak, goda (363) | p. 161 |
Comparison of Adjectives (364) | p. 162 |
Numerals (370) | p. 164 |
Adverbs (375) | p. 166 |
Conjugation (379-446) | p. 168 |
Verbs (379-446) | p. 168 |
Strong Verbs (384-422) | p. 170 |
Class 1, Bidan (385) | p. 170 |
Class 2, Beodan (388) | p. 171 |
Class 3, Bindan, delfan, ceorfan (392) | p. 172 |
Class 4, Beran (399) | p. 174 |
Class 5, Metan (402) | p. 175 |
Class 6, Dragan (407) | p. 176 |
Class 7, Hatan, beatan (410) | p. 177 |
Strong Verbs-Paradigms (417) | p. 179 |
Personal Endings (418) | p. 181 |
Contract Verbs, teon, etc. (419) | p. 182 |
Syncopation (421) | p. 183 |
Weak Verbs (423-438) | p. 185 |
Class I, Fremman, deman (424) | p. 185 |
Without Middle Vowel, tellan (432) | p. 189 |
Class II, Bodian (434) | p. 190 |
Class III, Habban, libban (436) | p. 192 |
Preteritive-Present Verbs (439) | p. 194 |
Anomalous Verbs (442) | p. 196 |
Texts | |
Harrowing of Hell | p. 199 |
Legend of St. Andrew | p. 205 |
AElfric's Pentateuch | p. 216 |
Alfred's Orosius | p. 224 |
Bede's Ecclesiastical History | p. 234 |
The Forty Soldiers | p. 243 |
Alfred's Preface, Cura Pastoralis | p. 250 |
The Old English Chronicle | p. 253 |
Caedmon | p. 258 |
AElfric's Colloquium | p. 262 |
Bodley Homily XII | p. 270 |
Elene | p. 274 |
Brunnanburh | p. 277 |
Beowulf | p. 280 |
Glossary | p. 285 |
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