Encyclopedia of Epidemiologic Methods

by Gail, Mitchell H.; Benichou, Jacques; Armitage, Peter; Colton, Theodore

• ISBN13: 9780471866411
• ISBN10: 0471866415
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-11-02
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

Featuring articles from the prestigious Encyclopedia of Biostatistics, many of which have been revised and updated to include recent developments, the Encyclopedia of Epidemiologic Methods also includes newly commissioned articles reflecting the latest thinking in Cancer Registries Birth Defect Registries Meta Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiology Overview Sample Size Sex Ratio at Birth Software Design and Analysis Featuring contributions from leading experts in academia, government and industry, the Encyclopedia of Epidemiologic Methods has been designed to complement existing texts on the subject by providing further extensive, up-to-date coverage of specialised topics and by introducing the reader to the research literature. Offering a wealth of information in a single resource, the Encyclopedia of Epidemiologic Methods Offers an excellent introduction to a vast array of specialised topics Includes in-depth coverage of the statistical underpinnings of contemporary epidemiologic methods Provides concise definitions and introductions to numerous concepts found in the current literature Uses extensive cross-references, helping to facilitate further research, and enabling the reader to locate definitions and related concepts In addition to featuring extensive articles in the areas of descriptive and analytic epidemiology, the Encyclopedia also provides the reader with articles on case-control design and offers substantial coverage of allied statistical methods. From the Reviews.... "a selection of excellent articles" (Short Book Reviews, December 2001) "The articles were written by experts...hence the quality of entries is quite good. The editors have done an excellent job..." (Journal of the American Statistical Association, December 2001) "There is no doubt that this...is an invaluable tool for researchers involved in medical and public health research as it offers an excellent springboard for acquiring and strengthening practical and methodological tools." (Short Book Reviews, Vol. 21, No. 3, December 2001) "...illuminating and comprehensive and often of extremely high quality..." (Biometrics, September 2002)

Author Biography

Mithcell Gail is a Fellow and former President of the American Statistical Association, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and an elected member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation.

Table of Contents

Absolute Risk	1	(16)
Additive Model	17	(1)
Age--Period--Cohort Analysis	17	(18)
Agreement, Measurement of	35	(14)
Analytic Epidemiology	49	(1)
Attributable Fraction in Exposed	49	(1)
Attributable Risk	50	(15)
Back-Calculation	65	(7)
Berkson's Fallacy	72	(2)
Bias	74	(1)
Bias, Nondifferential	74	(1)
Bias, Overview	75	(7)
Bias from Exposure Effects on Controls	82	(1)
Bias from Loss to Follow-Up	82	(1)
Bias from Nonresponse	83	(1)
Bias from Survival in Prevalent Case--Control Studies	83	(1)
Bias in Case--Control Studies	83	(9)
Bias in Cohort Studies	92	(2)
Bias in Observational Studies	94	(6)
Bias Toward the Null	100	(1)
Biased Sampling of Cohorts in Epidemiology	100	(12)
Birth Cohort Studies	112	(5)
Birth Defects Registries	117	(2)
Burden of Disease	119	(6)
Cancer Registries	125	(13)
Case Fatality	138	(1)
Case Series, Case Reports	138	(1)
Case--Cohort Study	139	(6)
Case--Control Study	145	(10)
Case--Control Study, Hospital-Based	155	(1)
Case--Control Study, Nested	155	(5)
Case--Control Study, Population-Based	160	(1)
Case--Control Study, Prevalent	160	(9)
Case--Control Study, Sequential	169	(5)
Case--Control Study, Two-Phase	174	(8)
Causation	182	(3)
Cause of Death, Automatic Coding	185	(1)
Cause of Death, Underlying and Multiple	186	(2)
Clinical Epidemiology, Overview	188	(4)
Clustering	192	(9)
Cohort Study	201	(14)
Cohort Study, Historical	215	(2)
Collapsibility	217	(1)
Communicable Diseases	218	(21)
Competing Risks	239	(10)
Confidentiality in Epidemiology	249	(3)
Confounder	252	(1)
Confounder Summary Score	252	(2)
Confounding	254	(7)
Controls	261	(1)
Cornfield's Inequality	262	(3)
Correlational Study	265	(1)
Cox Regression Model	265	(14)
Cross-Sectional Study	279	(4)
Crude Risk	283	(1)
Cumulative Hazard	283	(1)
Cumulative Incidence	283	(1)
Cumulative Incidence Rate	283	(1)
Cumulative Incidence Ratio	283	(2)
Data Quality in Vital and Health Statistics	285	(8)
Death Certification	293	(2)
Death Indexes	295	(1)
Demography	296	(4)
Density Sampling	300	(1)
Descriptive Epidemiology	300	(1)
Detection Bias	300	(1)
Diagnostic Test Evaluation Without a Gold Standard	301	(2)
Diagnostic Tests, Evaluation of	303	(5)
Differential Error	308	(1)
Disease Registers	309	(5)
Dose--Response	314	(1)
Dynamic Population	314	(1)
Ecologic Fallacy	315	(1)
Ecologic Study	315	(21)
Effect Modification	336	(3)
Eligibility Restriction	339	(1)
Environmental Epidemiology	339	(13)
Epidemic Curve	352	(1)
Epidemic Models, Deterministic	353	(9)
Epidemic Models, Spatial	362	(4)
Epidemic Models, Stochastic	366	(7)
Epidemic Thresholds	373	(5)
Epidemiology, Overview	378	(8)
Epidemiology as Legal Evidence	386	(5)
Excess Mortality	391	(2)
Excess Relative Risk	393	(1)
Excess Risk	393	(1)
Expected Number of Deaths	394	(2)
Experimental Study	396	(1)
Exposure Effect	396	(3)
Fixed Population	399	(1)
Frequency Matching	399	(2)
Genetic Epidemiology, Overview	401	(4)
Geographic Patterns of Disease	405	(7)
Geographical Analysis	412	(15)
Hawthorne Effect	427	(1)
Hazard Rate	427	(1)
Hill's Criteria for Causality	428	(5)
Incidence Density	433	(1)
Incidence Density Ratio	433	(1)
Incidence Rate	433	(1)
Incidence--Prevalence Relationships	433	(4)
Incident Case	437	(1)
Incubation Period of Infectious Diseases	437	(5)
Infant and Perinatal Mortality	442	(5)
Infectious Disease Models	447	(3)
Interaction	450	(2)
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)	452	(3)
Interviewer Bias	455	(2)
Job-Exposure Matrices	457	(2)
Kappa	459	(6)
Latent Period	465	(5)
Length Bias	470	(3)
Lexis Diagram	473	(3)
Life Expectancy	476	(1)
Life Table	477	(4)
Logistic Regression	481	(10)
Logistic Regression, Conditional	491	(8)
Mantel--Haenszel Methods	499	(13)
Mapping Disease Patterns	512	(11)
Matched Analysis	523	(3)
Matching	526	(4)
Measurement Error in Epidemiologic Studies	530	(27)
Meta-Analysis in Epidemiology	557	(14)
Migrant Studies	571	(7)
Misclassification Error	578	(7)
Missing Data	585	(13)
Missing Data in Epidemiologic Studies	598	(14)
Molecular Epidemiology	612	(5)
Morbidity and Mortality, Changing Patterns in the Twentieth Century	617	(11)
Mortality, International Comparisons	628	(3)
Multiplicative Model	631	(1)
Multistage Carcinogenesis Models	631	(8)
Nondifferential Error	639	(1)
Nonresponse	640	(4)
Nonsampling Errors	644	(6)
Nutritional Epidemiology	650	(19)
Observational Study	669	(1)
Occupational Epidemiology	669	(20)
Occupational Health and Medicine	689	(5)
Occupational Mortality	694	(6)
Odds	700	(1)
Odds Ratio	700	(1)
Overmatching	700	(1)
Person-Years At Risk	701	(1)
Pharmacoepidemiology, Overview	702	(10)
Pharmacoepidemiology, Study Designs	712	(3)
Poisson Regression	715	(8)
Poisson Regression for Survival Data in Epidemiology	723	(4)
Population-Based Study	727	(1)
Predictive Values	727	(1)
Prevalence	728	(1)
Prevalence--Incidence Bias	728	(1)
Prevalence of Disease, Estimation from Screening Data	729	(7)
Prevalence Rate or Ratio	736	(1)
Prevalent Case	736	(1)
Preventable Fraction	736	(2)
Propensity Score	738	(4)
Proportional Hazards, Overview	742	(1)
Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR)	742	(1)
Proportional Mortality Study	743	(6)
Random Digit Dialing Sampling for Case--Control Studies	749	(4)
Random Error	753	(1)
Rate	754	(1)
Recall Bias	754	(1)
Record Linkage	754	(5)
Relative Hazard	759	(1)
Relative Odds	759	(1)
Relative Risk	759	(1)
Relative Risk Modeling	759	(8)
Reliability Study	767	(4)
Retrospective Study	771	(1)
Risk	771	(1)
Risk Assessment	771	(6)
Sample Size for Epidemiologic Studies	777	(17)
Sample Surveys	794	(19)
Scan Statistics for Disease Surveillance	813	(4)
Screening, Models of	817	(22)
Screening, Overview	839	(8)
Selection Bias	847	(1)
Sensitivity	847	(1)
Sex Ratio at Birth	848	(4)
Simpson's Paradox	852	(2)
Software, Biostatistical	854	(7)
Software, Epidemiological	861	(10)
Specificity	871	(1)
Standardization Methods	871	(13)
Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR)	884	(1)
Stratification	885	(1)
Study Population	885	(1)
Surveillance of Diseases	885	(6)
Survival Analysis, Overview	891	(9)
Synergy of Exposure Effects	900	(5)
Systematic Error	905	(2)
Target Population	907	(1)
Telephone Sampling	908	(13)
Teratology	921	(8)
Time Lag Effect	929	(4)
Validation Study	933	(6)
Validity and Generalizability in Epidemiologic Studies	939	(6)
Vital Statistics, Overview	945