The Endocrine System

by Hinson, Joy

• ISBN13: 9780443062377
• ISBN10: 0443062374
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-08-24
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

An integrated textbook on the endocrine system, covering the anatomy, physiology and biochemistry of the system, together with enough clinical material for the first two years of the course. Concise text covers the core anatomy and physiology in an integrated manner as presented in the new courses - this integrated treatment is not available elsewhere Coverage of the necessary basic science is clinically driven - a clinical case is used to derive the learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter Final section of the book gives a concise coverage of the major diseases of the system and their diagnosis and treatment - this will equip students for the contact with patients which will occur from their first term onwards Structure of the book encourages learning - objectives defined at the beginning of each chapter self assessment questions at end of chapter Attractive, open two colour page design Reasonable price makes series as a whole affordable

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
What is endocrinology?	p. 2
Endocrine regulation	p. 2
Types of hormone: their synthesis and secretion	p. 2
Hormones in blood	p. 5
Different mechanisms of action of hormones	p. 5
Endocrine regulation	p. 7
Endocrine disorders and investigations of endocrine function	p. 8
Endocrine investigations: general principles	p. 10
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Part I: The Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary	p. 15
Introduction	p. 15
Where can I find the hypothalamus and pituitary?	p. 16
Connection between the hypothalamus and pituitary	p. 18
Development of the hypothalamus and pituitary	p. 18
The hormones of the posterior pituitary	p. 20
Release of posterior pituitary hormones is part of a neuroendocrine reflex: oxytocin secretion and actions	p. 20
Regulation of vasopressin secretion	p. 21
Actions of arginine vasopressin	p. 21
Disorders of vasopressin secretion and action	p. 22
Thirst	p. 23
The Hypothalamus and Pituitary Part II: The Anterior Pituitary	p. 25
The hormones of the anterior pituitary	p. 26
Regulation of hormone secretion in the anterior pituitary	p. 28
Stress hormones	p. 31
Actions of the anterior pituitary hormones growth hormone and prolactin	p. 31
Disorders of anterior pituitary function: over-secretion	p. 32
Disorders of under-secretion of anterior pituitary hormones	p. 34
Tests for hypopituitarism	p. 35
Insufficient growth hormone secretion	p. 35
The Adrenal Glands	p. 37
Introduction	p. 38
Adrenal cortex	p. 39
Therapeutic uses of corticosteroids and disorders of adrenal steroids	p. 46
The adrenal medulla	p. 49
The Thyroid Gland	p. 53
Introduction	p. 54
Thyroid anatomy	p. 54
What is a goitre?	p. 54
Blood supply	p. 55
Structure of the thyroid	p. 55
Synthesis of thyroid hormones	p. 56
Thyroxine and T3: the thyroid hormones	p. 57
Control of thyroid function	p. 57
Functions of thyroid hormones	p. 57
Effects of excess thyroid hormone secretion - thyrotoxicosis	p. 60
Disorders of the thyroid: hyperthyroidism	p. 60
Treatment of thyrotoxicosis	p. 61
Effects of thyroid hormone insufficiency - myxoedema	p. 61
Causes of thyroid hyposecretion	p. 62
Hormonal Control of Reproduction Part I: Male Reproductive System	p. 65
Where are the testes?	p. 66
What are the testes?	p. 66
Testicular blood supply	p. 68
Spermatogenesis	p. 69
Androgen production	p. 69
Hormonal control of testicular function	p. 69
Transport of testosterone in blood	p. 71
Actions of testosterone	p. 71
Disorders of maje reproduction	p. 72
Abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids	p. 74
Declining sperm counts	p. 74
Hormonal Control of Reproduction part II: Female Reproductive System	p. 77
Introduction	p. 78
Structure of the ovary	p. 78
Ovarian hormones	p. 80
Transport of ovarian hormones in blood	p. 82
Hormonal regulation of ovarian function	p. 82
The menstrual cycle	p. 82
Disorders of the menstrual cycle	p. 85
The endocrinology of pregnancy	p. 86
Hormonal Control of Reproduction Part III: Sex Hormones During Development	p. 91
Introduction	p. 92
Gender determination and differentiation	p. 92
Hormonal control of sexual differentiation	p. 92
Abnormalities of sexual differentiation	p. 93
Hormones during development: puberty and menarche	p. 94
Disorders of puberty	p. 96
Menopause and the climacteric	p. 96
Premature ovarian failure	p. 97
Symptoms of the menopause	p. 97
Hormone replacement therapy	p. 99
Alternative therapies	p. 100
Hormonal control of fertility: contraception	p. 101
Hormonal control of fertility: assisted conception	p. 102
Insulin and the Regulation of Plasma Glucose	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
Glucose in urine	p. 107
Insulin and the response to high blood glucose levels	p. 108
Disorders of blood glucose regulation	p. 112
The metabolic syndrome - a growing problem?	p. 117
Hormonal Regulation of Plasma Calcium and Calcium Metabolism	p. 121
Introduction	p. 122
Serum calcium	p. 122
Parathyroid hormone	p. 123
Calcitriol: source and activation of vitamin D	p. 124
Disorders of hypercalcaemia	p. 127
Disorders of hypocalcaemia	p. 127
Diseases of bone: osteoporosis and Paget's disease	p. 129
A brief mention of calcitonin	p. 129
Regulation of serum phosphate	p. 130
Miscellaneous Hormones	p. 131
Erythropoietin	p. 132
Immune-endocrine interactions: cytokines and eicosanoids	p. 133
Age-related changes in hormone secretion	p. 134
Melatonin	p. 134
Gut hormones	p. 136
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)	p. 136
The hormonal control of appetite: fat as an endocrine tissue	p. 136
Regulation of blood pressure and volume	p. 138
The next 100 years of endocrinology	p. 139
Extended Matching Questions	p. 141
Answers	p. 146
Glossary	p. 159
Index	p. 162
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